Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthetic peptide antigen (Ag) (the primary structure Tyr-Leu-Lys-Asp-Gln-Gln-Leu-Leu-Gly-Ile-Trp-Gly-Cys-Ser-Gly-Lys-Leu-Ile- Cys-Thr derived from the envelope glycoprotein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and exerting specificity with all HIV-1-positive sera available in the Czech Republic (and also in a panel of 10,000 sera from WHO)) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and encapsulated into liposomes. Adjuvant activities of liposomes with various lipid compositions were compared with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and with aluminium hydroxide (AL). The immune response to BSA-Ag liposomes with coentrapped adamantylamide dipeptide (AdDP) was comparable with that of FCA in terms of longevity and levels of specific antibodies in mouse sera.
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PMID:Adjuvant effect of liposomes and adamantylamide dipeptide on antigenicity of entrapped synthetic peptide derived from HIV-1 transmembrane region glycoprotein gp41. 801 61

We synthesized one V3 peptide each from HTLV-IIIB, Thai A and Thai B, conjugating them to the T cell epitope of the env region, and we also synthesized a p17 protein peptide of the gag region (HGP-30). These peptides were then coupled to 8-lysine copolymers using N-succinimidyl maleimido carboxylate (M(r) = ca 60,000). We designated this the branched lysine oligopeptide method. The large peptide complexes constructed from these four macromolecular peptides were used with aluminium hydroxide or complete Freund's adjuvant to immunize mice and rabbits four times. ELISA assay showed high titres of anti-peptide antibodies to each V3 loop peptide and the HGP-30 peptide. Strong inhibition of CD4+ dependent cell fusion was obtained with these antisera when IIIB, Thai A and Thai B strains of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were used. Strong anti-fusion inhibition was also observed with two other HIV strains. In addition, an increase of the anti-HIV effect was observed when we used sera obtained by multicomponent vaccine immunization. The same kind of inhibition was also observed in p24 assay systems using these immunized antisera. Activation of IL-2 production in lymphocytes was observed in mice immunized with this vaccine. These results suggest that immunization with macromolecular peptide complexes can result in strong immunogenicity towards HIV-1.
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PMID:Strong immunogenicity of a multicomponent peptide vaccine developed with the branched lysine oligopeptide method for human immunodeficiency virus infection. 806 Jun 67

A method for checking the purity of N-acyl aminonaphthalene disulphonic acid derivatives was required for a systematic study of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of these agents. We describe the use of thin-layer chromatography and flame ionization detection for the separation of these compounds, which are difficult to analyse by conventional methods. All the samples were prepared in methanol solutions (1 microliter) containing 5 micrograms of aminonaphthalene derivative. These samples were applied to each type SIII Chromarod by a single injection and developed with pure methanol or a methanol-chloroform-ammonium hydroxide (35:55:10, v/v/v) solvent system.
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PMID:Analysis of N-acyl aminonaphthalene sulphonic acid derivatives with potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity by thin-layer chromatography and flame ionization detection. 826 52

The group-specific antigens Pr55gag of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) self-assemble into noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) that are released from various eucaryotic cells by budding. Deletion analysis of Pr55gag mutants revealed three domains into which sequences of the third variable domain V3 or the CD4-binding domain of the gp120 external glycoprotein can be inserted without destroying the capacity of the chimeric proteins to assemble to VLP. Immunization of rabbits with different types of purified chimeric VLP without adjuvants raised a strong antibody response to the Pr55gag carrier component. The magnitude of the antibody response to the inserted gp 120 epitopes strictly depended on their position within the gag polyprotein. These antisera exhibited only weak neutralizing activity. However, BALB/c mice immunized by different routes with different types of chimeric Pr55gag/V3 VLP without adjuvants developed a strong MHC class I (Dd)-restricted, cytolytic CD8+ T-cell (CTL) reactivity against a known epitope within the V3 domain. When the recombinant antigen was emulsified in mineral oil (incomplete Freund's adjuvant) or adsorbed in aluminium hydroxide, its immunogenicity for CTL was drastically reduced or completely abrogated. The magnitude of the V3-specific CTL response was not influenced by the position of the V3 domain within the Pr55gag-carrier moiety; the flanking residues, hence, did not influence processing of the exogenous antigen for MHC class I-restricted peptide presentation. These results indicate ways for the rational design and optimal delivery of CTL-stimulating HIV candidate vaccines.
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PMID:Construction, expression, and immunogenicity of chimeric HIV-1 virus-like particles. 865 5

Superficial mycotic infections such as seborrheic dermatitis, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, and onychomycosis are common in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In communities where HIV infections are frequent, some of these clinical presentations serve as markers of the stage of HIV infection. The diagnosis of superficial fungal infection in HIV-positive patients may be difficult because of atypical clinical manifestations. Therefore, to ensure a correct diagnosis, skin scrapings should be collected for potassium hydroxide preparations and cultures. Most forms of dermatophytosis in HIV-positive patients respond well to many topical antifungal agents, such as azoles, terbinafine, and ciclopirox olamine. If the disease is chronic and extensive, then ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole are each effective.
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PMID:Common superficial fungal infections in patients with AIDS. 872 40

The immunogenicity in guinea-pigs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 in immune stimulating complex (iscom) was compared to that of gp120 adjuvanted with QuilA-matrix (iscom without attached antigen), aluminium hydroxide (alum) and the Ribi adjuvant system. Gp120 was either incorporated into iscoms by covalent conjugation (iscom(c)) or by acid treatment of gp120 (iscom(a) and both these preparations induced high ELISA antibody titres to gp120. Virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies were most frequently induced by gp120 in iscom(c), iscom(a) or in alum and correlated to high titres to the V3-region of gp120. Further, antibodies induced by gp120-iscom(c) most efficiently inhibited binding of a VN monoclonal antibody GP13 to the CD4 binding region of gp120 whereas gp120-iscom(a) induced the highest mean titre of antibodies blocking the binding of [125I]gp120 to CD4. These results suggest that the gp120-iscom preparations efficiently induced high levels of gp120 specific antibodies and that the adjuvant formulation of gp120 affect the specificity and functional properties of elicited antibodies.
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PMID:Induction of homologous virus neutralizing antibodies in guinea-pigs immunized with two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein gp120-iscom preparations. A comparison with other adjuvant systems. 874 63

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was inactivated by either cupric or ferric ions when the virus was free in solution and also 3 hr after cell infection. Fifty percent inactivation of cell-free HIV was achieved with Cu(II) at a concentration between 0.16 and 1.6 mM, or by 1.8 to 18 mM Fe(III). Thus, the dose to inactivate 50% of infectious HIV (D50) by Cu(II) or Fe(III) is higher than that reported for glutaraldehyde (0.1 mM); between the D50 reported for sodium hypochlorite (1.3 mM) and sodium hydroxide (11.5 mM), and significantly lower than that required for HIV inactivation by ethanol (360 mM). Treatment of infected cells for 30 min at 20 degrees C with 6 mM Cu(II) or Fe(III) completely inhibited the formation of syncytia and the synthesis of virus-specific p24 antigen in HIV-infected cells, while still preserving cell viability. The virucidal properties of cupric and ferric ions could be exploited for the development of novel virucidal formulations efficient against HIV.
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PMID:Cupric and ferric ions inactivate HIV. 890 94

Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression depends upon the interaction of the viral regulatory protein Tat with the transactivation responsive region (TAR) RNA, a 59-base stem-loop structure located at the 5'-end of all mRNAs. We have used a site-directed RNA-cleaving strategy to determine the neighborhood of the core domain of a Tat fragment in the Tat-TAR complex. We synthesized a 35-amino acid fragment containing arginine-rich RNA-binding domain of Tat(38-72) and attached an EDTA analog to its amino terminus. A derivative of (p-aminobenzyl)-EDTA tetra-tert-butyl ester was synthesized and attached to the amino terminus of the Tat peptide by standard peptide coupling methods. Cleavage from the resin and deprotection of the peptide were carried out in trifluoroacetic acid which also generated unprotected metal binding EDTA moieties. We used this EDTA-Tat conjugate to form a specific complex with TAR RNA. This sequence-specific RNA-binding peptide was converted into a sequence-specific RNA-cleaving peptide by the addition of Fe(II) salt, ascorbate, and H2O2. Hydroxyl radicals generated from the tethered Fe(II) cleaved the TAR RNA backbone in two localized regions. Site-specific cleavage of TAR RNA was observed at the bulge residues (U23, C24, and U25), in the loop region (G34 and A35), and at the strand opposite the bulge (U40 and C41). These results demonstrate that, in the three-dimensional structure of the Tat-TAR complex, the Phe38 of Tat(38-72) is located in the proximity of the bulge region and two nucleotides from the loop sequence.
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PMID:Probing the proximity of the core domain of an HIV-1 Tat fragment in a Tat-TAR complex by affinity cleaving. 937 65

Six adjuvant formulations were compared for their ability to potentiate the primary and memory antibody responses in mice to three companion animal vaccine immunogens--feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and a recombinantly-derived heartworm antigen. The combination of a novel bacterial immunostimulator, gliding bacterial adjuvant (GBA), either adsorbed onto an aluminum hydroxide gel (Rehydragel HPA), or emulsified with a vehicle of polyalcohol and detergent, elicited the strongest memory responses to both virus preparations. Both forms of aluminum hydroxide gels administered without GBA gave similar levels of adjuvant effects, on par with or greater than those generated by incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The Acemannan immunostimulant was not effective in increasing the responses to the virus antigens, but increased the primary response to the heart-worm antigen over tenfold from control levels. All preparations appeared to be well tolerated, with no detectable adverse reactions observed in any of the 250 mice used. The proven safety of aluminum hydroxide adjuvants and the apparent absence of adverse reactions seen with GBA make this vehicle/adjuvant formulation worthy of additional study.
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PMID:A comparison of antibody responses to veterinary vaccine antigens potentiated by different adjuvants. 941

A new bone tissue process using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE) has been evaluated for its ability to inactivate or eliminate viruses. Four viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Sindbis virus, polio Sabin type I virus, and pseudorabies virus (PRV), were exposed to four different processing steps. In addition to supercritical CO2, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and ethanol treatments were evaluated. The mean cumulated reduction factors (log10) for the four viruses exposed to these four steps were > 14.2 for HIV-1, > 18.2 for Sindbis virus, > 24.4 for poliovirus, and > 17.6 for PRV. The mean reduction factors obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction alone were > 4.0, > 4.3, > 6.6, and > 4.0, respectively. These results demonstrate that the SFE process is effective in inactivating viruses on human femoral heads, and provides a level of inactivation similar to that obtained by traditional cleaning methods. It is proposed that CO2 SFE be incorporated as a routine step in the processing of bone allografts for transplantation either to replace or supplement existing procedures.
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PMID:Viral inactivation of human bone tissue using supercritical fluid extraction. 968 54


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