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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis of the chronic diffuse kind. It began at eight months of age with lesions in plaque in the totality of the oral and nasal mucosa with affection of the nails. He received different treatment during ten years, without improvements. The diagnosis was established by clinical features en laboratory exams as follows: Skin test to Candida antigen and PPD antigen, direct smears, immunoglobulins and leucocyte random migration test. He received treatment with ketoconazole at an initial dose of 100 mg daily, and it was increased to 200 mg each day for a two years period, and then 100 mg every other day for an other year. Simultaneously, a Candida antigen stimulus treatment was used. We stress about the possibility of an immune enhancing role for ketoconazole as well as about that the correction of secondary immunodeficiency due to the chronic antigen stimulus.
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PMID:[Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. A case report]. 236 5

We have previously shown that antigen-specific T-suppressor (Ts) cells can be generated in vitro by antigens of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). However, patients with EBV-associated disorders and particularly those with EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis characteristically have nonspecific Ts cells in their peripheral circulation. To explore this apparent paradox, we have now examined the interaction of EBV antigens with either an unrelated antigen (tuberculo-protein-PPD) or a T-cell mitogen (phytohemagglutinin-PHA) in the in vitro generation of Ts cells. Our findings are: (1) the presence of unrelated antigens results in the generation of nonspecific Ts cells in a system wherein an EBV antigen (in excess) alone otherwise induces only antigen-specific Ts cells; (2) the unrelated antigen may be present in a wide range of concentrations and (3) can contribute to nonspecific Ts cell generation when added as long as 2 days after initiation of induction by EBV antigen; (4) the unrelated antigen must be recognized by the sensitized lymphocytes in order for nonspecific Ts cells to be induced; and most interestingly (5) when a second, immunologically different, EBV antigen is substituted for the unrelated antigen (PPD), again nonspecific Ts cells are induced in this system. We propose that the presence of unrelated (or multiple) antigens, in addition to the antigen-specific Ts cell-inducing antigen, contributes to the generation of nonspecific Ts cells in vivo, and that this phenomenon may be important in infections, malignancies, and immunodeficiency states.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus immunosuppression: II. Generation of nonspecific suppressor T lymphocytes in vitro. 285 75

Unresponsiveness to skin testing with PPD and tetanus toxoid was commonly seen in patients with haemophilia A but not infected with human immunodeficiency virus but was uncommon in controls. Vaccination history indicated that the unresponsive patients had not been immunised in childhood. Other tests of immune competence (skin tests with other antigens, lymphocyte stimulation with mitogens and antigens, and viral serology) showed that the haemophilia A patients had an adequate response to pathogens to which they had been exposed. Five of 12 such patients had a mild T4 lymphopenia, and this may have been related to parenteral administration of large quantities of protein.
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PMID:Unresponsiveness to skin testing with bacterial antigens in patients with haemophilia A not apparently infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 349 42

A case of the bare lymphocyte without apparent immunodeficiency was observed in a 33-year-old woman who had no history of severe infections but suffered from sino-bronchial disease. No HLA-A and -B antigens (class I antigens) were detected at the cell surface of lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets, but they were expressed, although at a reduced level, on the cultured B lymphoid cell line. T lymphocytes were normal in number and in the relative proportion of T4/T8 and responded to mitogens but not to PPD and candida. HLA-DR antigens (class II antigens) were present on B lymphocytes and showed intermediate MLR-stimulatory capacity, which made it possible to deduce the patient's HLA genotype. She was found to be homozygous at consanguinity for HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens. The numbers of B lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, and complements were all in the normal range; there was, however, a low level of IgM. Two-dimensional gel analysis of class I antigens revealed the presence of normally expressed beta-2 microglobulins (B2M) and an apparently single set of class I heavy chains, allowing us to consider two alternative cellular mechanisms in this defect; the presence of one abnormal class I structural gene and the regulatory mechanism that acted in cis were suggested.
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PMID:Defective expression of HLA class I antigens: a case of the bare lymphocyte without immunodeficiency. 389 4

In the course of an analysis of lymphocyte functions of common variable immunodeficiency patients, we found one patient whose T lymphocytes released B cell differentiation factor (BCDF) and B cell growth factor (BCGF) without IL 2 production upon stimulation with Con A. The patient was a 68-yr-old woman with hypo-gamma-globulinemia (IgM: 31 mg/dl, IgG: 223 mg/dl, IgA: 23 mg/dl); she suffered from cryptococcal meningitis and pulmonary tuberculosis with a negative result of skin tests to PPD and cryptococcal antigen. The number of T cells and the ratio of T cell subsets (Leu-2a and Leu-3a) was normal. T cells showed no proliferative response to Con A and a low response to PHA (one-tenth of normal response). The addition of patient T cells to normal T cells did not inhibit the proliferation of normal T cells when stimulated by Con A. The culture supernatant of Con A-stimulated T cells contained no IL 2 activity when assayed by an IL 2-dependent T cell line. Expression of Tac antigen was not impaired by Con A stimulation and the addition of partially purified IL 2 from the supernatant of Jurkat T cell line-induced proliferation of Con A-stimulated T cells, indicating that the defect observed was not in IL 2-responding cells but in IL 2-producing cells. In contrast, the culture supernatant of the T cells stimulated by Con A or PHA contained BCDF activity as much as that of normal T cells when assayed by Cowan I-stimulated normal B cells or the B lymphoblastoid cell line SKW6-CL4. The supernatant also contained BCGF activity. These results suggest that B cell-stimulating factor (BCGF, BCDF) and IL 2 may be synthesized by different subsets of T cells or that the synthesis of those lymphokines are independently regulated in the same cells.
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PMID:Dissociation in the production of B cell-stimulating factors (BCGF and BCDF) and interleukin 2 by T cells from a common variable immunodeficient patient. 608 29

NPT 15392 (Erythro-9 (2-hydroxy-3 nonyl) hypoxanthine), a novel heterocyclic immunomodulatory compound, was analyzed over a broad concentration range on a variety of human blood leukocyte functions in vitro. NPT 15392 augmented mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation in a variable fashion; lymphocytes from 9 of 24 individuals showed significant stimulation with phytohemagglutinin at 0.01 microgram/ml of NPT 15392, and 3 of 14 and 3 of 3 showed similar augmentation with concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen, respectively. NPT 15392 above 10 microgram/ml inhibited mitogen responses and did not itself stimulate cell division. NPT 15392 also augmented responses of lymphocytes to antigenic stimulation with Candida and Staphylococcus antigens, purified protein derivative, and allogeneic cells in a variable manner. When observed, stimulation occurred at 0.01-1 microgram/ml of NPT 15392 for Candida and Staph. and at 0.01 microgram/ml with PPD and allogeneic cells. NPT 15392 (0.01-1 microgram/ml) consistently induced suppressor cell function alone and in combination with concanavalin A. This effect is apparently mediated by T lymphocytes since suppression was not mediated by interferon, prostaglandin or histamine. In addition, NPT 15392 (0.01-10 microgram/ml) significantly augmented "active" T cell rosettes. NPT 15392 over a broad concentration range and in the presence and absence of interferon did not stimulate natural killer cell activity or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The data indicate that NPT 15392 is a modulator of such T lymphocyte functions as proliferative response to antigen and mitogen, suppressor activity and receptor display. Such activities imply potential therapeutic use in immunodeficiency related to defects of the thymus and thymus-derived lymphocytes.
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PMID:Effects of NPT 15392 in vitro on human leukocyte functions. 617 91

The effects were studied of the degree of immunodeficiency produced by thymectomy of one-month-old rats on the course of experimental tuberculosis induced 3, 6 and 9 months after thymectomy. Subject to study was also the effect of immunodeficiency correction with thymalin on the tuberculous process. It was established that the lungs of thymectomized rats infected 9 months after the thymectomy were damaged more severely as compared with control or thymalin-treated animals. In thymectomized rats treated with thymalin, the absolute content of medium-sized and big lymphocytes in peripheral blood was found to be lower, the content of small lymphocytes being unchanged throughout all observation periods. The time course of migration activity (spontaneous and in response to PPD) in rats treated with thymalin corresponded with the time course in controls in contrast to thymectomized rats which did not receive the treatment. The results indicate that tuberculosis severity depends on the degree of immunodeficiency and that the functional properties of immunocompetent cells may be corrected with thymalin.
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PMID:[Development of an experimental tuberculous process in the presence of immune deficiency and immunostimulation]. 689 37

To evaluate the immunological state in chronic renal insufficiency, the Authors studied cellular and humoral immunity in 292 patients with chronic renal failure. They were divided into 3 groups: 1) 37 with creatinine clearance between 50 and 20 ml/min; 2) 57 with creatinine clearance between 20 and 8 ml/min; 3) 178 treated by hemodialysis. In vivo and in vitro tests, that is DNCB, PPD skin tests, spontaneous, active and EAC rosettes, surface membrane immunoglobulin test, complement (C3, C4) and serum immunoglobulins were taken as markers of the immune response. Cell-mediated immunity was found to be significantly impaired in patients with terminal renal insufficiency or on hemodialysis and also markedly reduced in patients with non-terminal renal insufficiency. Humoral immunity produced less significant results: the B lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulins were normal; only C3 levels were found below normal range. Thus it would seem that cell-mediated immunodeficiency appears in an early stage of chronic renal failure and that hemodialysis does not improve this deficiency.
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PMID:The immunological state in chronic renal insufficiency. 698 10

The immunocapacity of a 28-year-old mentally retarded proband and her clinically normal mother and sister, all having a deletion of the short arm of one of the X-chromosomes [46, X, del (X) (pter to 22: :p11 to qter)], was evaluated. The concentrations of immunoglobulin IgA (0 . 4 g/l), IgG (4 . 4 g/l) and IgM (0 . 2 g/l) were low in the proband. The serum IgA (0 . 9 g/l) concentration of her mother was also at the lower normal limit. The serum concentration of complement component C4 was low both in the proband (0 . 17g/l) and in her mother (0 . 18 g/l). Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by granulocytes were normal in all of them. However, the chemotactic response of granulocytes was at the lower normal level in the patient. The in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the polyclonal T-clonal mitogens, PHA and Con A, were about half normal in the patient and were also decreased in her mother. The response was also decreased against PWM, to about one-sixth of the normal value in the patient and to one-half in her mother. The Con A response was decreased in the sister, while her PHA and PWM responses were normal. In contrast to these findings, the responses against the antigen-specific stimulators, PPD and oidiomycin, were normal in all subjects. Natural killer cell activity against the K-562 cell line was decreased in the patient but normal in her mother and sister. The number of B cells was at the normal limit in all subjects. The amount of E rosette-forming T lymphocytes was normal but the amount of ANAE-positive cells was decreased, especially in the proband (31%). Our results describe a new human immunodeficiency state, probably associated with X-chromosome deletion. We suggest that the short arm of the X-chromosome exerts its effect on regulatory T cells. Whether the humoral defect is connected with suppressor T cells remains to be established.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency associated with a deletion in the short arm of the X-chromosome. 730 43

This report provides three lines of evidence to suggest that T-helper type 1 (Th1) and type 0 (Th0) cells could play an opposing role in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using a panel of Th1 and Th0 clones specific for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gag p24, derived from seronegative volunteers immunized with gag p24: Ty virus-like particles, a Th1 clone specific for tuberculin (PPD), and a Th0 clone derived by random activation from the same volunteer, we have demonstrated the following differences in the capacity of these clones to regulate the in vitro replication of HIV. (1) Th1 clones were less efficient than Th0 clones in supporting HIV replication, both in their resting state (by 10-1000-fold) and after antigen activation (by five to 100-fold). Furthermore, the infectious titre of HIV recovered from the Th0 population was more than 1000-fold higher than virus from the Th1 population, and the number of HIV-infected Th0 cells was five to 16 times higher than the number of infected Th1 cells. (2) Antigen- or mitogen-activated Th1, but not Th0 clones, inhibited HIV in bystander CEM-4 cells. Th1 cells also inhibited HIV in autologous and allogeneic Th0 cells. The level of inhibition in these experiments ranged from 50% to 100% and was three to 10-fold higher and more sustained in the presence of p24-specific clones compared to the PPD-specific Th1 clone. The capacity of Th1 cells to inhibit HIV in neighbouring cells was also reflected in the reduced replication of HIV in the clones immediately after antigen activation compared to unstimulated cells. Kinetic studies of virus production, cytokine release and proliferation showed that inhibition of HIV was associated with peak cytokine release and preceeded proliferation. (3) The Th1 clones had higher cytolytic potential than the Th0 clones. Therefore, the HIV inhibitory activity of Th1 cells could be partly due to cell to cell killing. These data demonstrate the opposing effects of Th1 and Th0 cells on the in vitro replication of HIV, and suggest that Th1 cells might be important in immunity whereas Th0/Th2 cells might lay a role in promoting disease.
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PMID:Th1 cells specific for HIV-1 gag p24 are less efficient than Th0 cells in supporting HIV replication, and inhibit virus replication in Th0 cells. 759 Aug 87


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