Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper provides the results of examining about 3,000 industrial workers exposed to various xenobiotics. Various phases of immune responses were noted in 40-60% of persons with nonspecific chronic pulmonary, gastrointestinal, gynecological diseases at remission. 10-20% of the industrial workers under study were diagnosed as having secondary immunodeficiency whose criteria were the presence of one of clinical syndromes, a sharply significant reduction in immunoglobulins, normal levels of circulating immune complexes and normal values of the lymphocytic enzymes alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase. The stimulation of the immune system in clinically healthy individuals who have a service length of 3 year or more should be regarded as development of an immune response to a xenobiotic or its metabolites.
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PMID:[Immunological mechanisms of the formation of ecologically-induced pathology]. 752 43

Four patients were diagnosed with reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHPS) during a 7 month period. Of these, three patients were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated by disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, incompletely treated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated histoplasmosis respectively. The fourth patient had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the mature T-cell phenotype. Fever, bicytopenia, or pancytopenia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (> 1,000 IU/L), and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in smears of bone marrow aspirate were present in all patients. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) was present in all (range 34,976 to 425,984 ng/mL) and showed a decrease in the two patients who responded to therapy. Hyperferritinemia (> 10,000 ng/ml) and elevated serum LDH (> 1,000 IU/L) are important clues to the diagnosis of RHPS in the febrile cytopenic patient with immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Hyperferritinemia in reactive hemophagocytic syndrome report of four adult cases. 760 19

Based on our prior data suggesting a therapeutic advantage for infusional administration of cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin (D), and etoposide (E) in patients with relapsed and resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we administered C (750 mg/m2), D (50 mg/m2), and E (240 mg/m2) via continuous intravenous infusion over 96 hours as first line therapy for 21 patients with intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Treatment was repeated every 28 or more days. The median CD4 count of the study group was 87/ul, and the median serum lactate dehydrogenase was 383 IU/L. Extranodal disease, lymphomatous marrow involvement, and lymphomatous meningitis were present at diagnosis in 90%, 33%, and 10% of patients, respectively. Complete response (CR) occurred in 13 patients (62%, 95% confidence intervals 41%, 81%) and partial response occurred in five patients (24%). The estimated median survival of the study group was 18.0 months. Hematologic toxicity required dose reduction for 47% of cycles and for 79% of patients who received at least two cycles. The mean dose intensity for C, D, and E were 73%, 70%, and 73% of the intended dose intensity, respectively. Opportunistic infection included oral/esophageal candidiasis (N = 7), herpes labialis (N = 3), pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (N = 1), candidemia (N = 1), pneumonitis (N = 1), and disseminated aspergillosis than resulted in a single treatment-related death (5%). Treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the CD4+ lymphocytes, as well as total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and CD8+ lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and etoposide in HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a follow-up report of a highly active regimen. 795 Sep 15

A 24-year-old male patient seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus with Burkitt's Leukemia was treated successfully with aggressive systemic chemotherapy and central nervous system prophylaxis. He presented with a leukocyte count of 68,900/microliter with 33% L3 lymphoblasts, massive hepatosplenomegaly, generalized lymphadenopathy, a lactic dehydrogenase level of 9105 IU/l, creatinine level of 5.8 mg/dl, and a uric acid level of 43.5 mg/dl. Hemodialysis, intrathecal methotrexate, hydrocortisone and cytosine arabinoside, and fractionated doses of cyclophosphamide followed by vincristine and doxorubicin were promptly instituted. He received eight subsequent courses of chemotherapy consisting of either methotrexate with leucovorin rescue and high dose, continuous infusion cytosine arabinoside or cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and methotrexate with leucovorin. There was marked hematologic toxicity resulting from this treatment. However, the patient was alive and in complete remission more than 6 years from diagnosis. This paper demonstrated that it is possible to successfully treat a patient who is HIV-1 antibody positive with poor prognosis Burkitt's Leukemia. Further studies need to be undertaken to define the least toxic, most effective therapy for this disease.
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PMID:Successful treatment of a patient with seropositive human immunodeficiency virus with high risk Burkitt's leukemia. 805 47

An antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide 27-mer complementary to the rev gene mRNA of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) was administered to rats through intravenous injections and subcutaneous infusions in order to investigate the disposition of this compound. In addition, nonlethal toxic responses of the rat were evaluated. A biphasic plasma clearance with t1/2 alpha of 20-25 min and t1/2 beta of 27-41 hr was observed. Single doses ranging from 35 to 3257 micrograms were examined, and the plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were found to be directly proportional to the dose. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of 50 mg over 28 days was also examined. The oligonucleotide is completely eliminated in the urine over 3 days. Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that the excreted compound has the same mobility and UV-absorbance profile as the administered compound. Measurement of accumulation and distribution into tissues revealed unique tissue-specific rates and extent of oligonucleotide movement into and out of tissues. Results of the chronic infusion study suggest that uptake into tissue is not saturated, even after 28 days of infusion. Analysis of blood plasma from oligonucleotide-treated animals shows a possible transient elevation in levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but not alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT), and bilirubin. The data collectively support the potential utility of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides as therapeutic agents in vivo.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against rev from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the adult male rat following single injections and continuous infusion. 806 15

Correlations between semiquantitative amounts of Pneumocystis carinii (PC), the degree of inflammation, and the severity of pneumonia were analyzed in 58 patients with PC pneumonia (PCP). Material from both transbronchial biopsies (TBBs; n = 39) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF; n = 57) was examined. In the TBB the amount of PC correlated strongly with overall inflammation in the interstitium (Kendall correlation coefficient [Kcc] = 0.59; p < 0.0001), type 2 pneumocyte proliferation, and edema formation. The amount of PC in the TBB also correlated with interstitial accumulation of neutrophils (Kcc = 0.54; p = 0.0001), lymphocytes, and macrophages. In BALF the amount of PC correlated with edema formation and type 2 pneumocyte proliferation in the TBB but not with the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes, or macrophages in BALF. The amount of PC in the BALF and the percentage of neutrophils in the BALF correlated significantly with Po2 and the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Neither short-term nor long-term survival was affected by the amount of PC, inflammatory markers in the TBB, inflammatory cells in BALF, Po2, or the serum LDH levels. In conclusion, the amount of PC is associated with the extent of the acute inflammatory reaction in the lung in PCP associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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PMID:Amount of Pneumocystis carinii and degree of acute lung inflammation in HIV-associated P carinii pneumonia. 810 Jul 57

We describe 4 male children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who developed Burkitt's lymphoma during their disease. The clinical picture was characterized by an insidious appearance of symptoms. All the children suffered for several months from abdominal discomfort and a gradual elevation of their blood lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level prior to diagnosis. Bone marrow involvement was found in 2 of the patients and jaw involvement in the other 2. After confirming the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma, they were treated according to conventional protocols, with no need to reduce the dose intensity. They all went into complete remission and did not suffer from major opportunistic infections during chemotherapy. None of them relapsed. Two patients died from opportunistic infections 1 and 3 years after diagnosis. The other 2 are alive, 7 years and 6 months after diagnosis. The various characteristics of this unique pediatric group are described and the comparison of the clinical picture in adults is made, together with a review of the relevant literature.
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PMID:Favorable response of pediatric AIDS-related Burkitt's lymphoma treated by aggressive chemotherapy. 841

Fourteen patients with poor-prognosis intermediate- to high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12 patients) or human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) infection (two patients) received cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2, and etoposide 240 mg/m2 administered as a continuous intravenous (IV) infusion over 4 days (infusional CDE); treatment was repeated every 28 or more days for up to six cycles. All HIV-positive patients had at least one poor prognostic feature, which included either extranodal disease (10 patients), Karnofsky performance status less than 70% (six patients), a CD4 count less than 100/microL (six patients), or a prior history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS; one patient). Both HTLV-I-positive patients had an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, a poor prognostic feature in that setting. Complete response (CR) occurred in 10 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval, 48% to 95%) and partial response (PR) occurred in three patients (21%), yielding an overall objective response rate of approximately 93%. The estimated Kaplan-Meier median survival was 17.4 months; seven of 12 HIV-positive patients are alive and disease-free with a median follow-up of 15 months (range, 7 to 24 months). Hospitalization was required after 19% of treatment cycles due to fever associated with granulocytopenia. Documented or suspected opportunistic infection occurred in five patients (36%), bacteremia occurred in three patients (21%), and candidemia occurred in one patient (7%). There was one treatment-related death attributable to disseminated aspergillosis. This pilot study suggests that infusional CDE may be a highly active regimen capable of producing durable remissions in a high proportion of patients with HIV-related NHL. Further study is required to confirm this observation.
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PMID:Infusional cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide in human immunodeficiency virus- and human T-cell leukemia virus type I-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a highly active regimen. 849 Jan 87

We are currently using caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection in goats as a model to understand changes in some clinical parameters and host response to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to measure changes in serum antioxidant activities in various age groups of goats infected with CAEV. Serum from CAEV-infected goats had significantly higher catalase activity (105.47 +/- 5.96 kU/l) than serum from healthy control goats (79.92 +/- 17.06 kU/l). Moreover, serum catalase activity increased with increase in the time after infection with CAEV. No change was observed in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione peroxidase activity although CuZn SOD levels were elevated in infected goats. There was a positive correlation between serum catalase activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). In order to investigate cell membrane integrity, we determined lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in infected goats. Although there was a transient increase in LDH no correlation was observed between increased serum catalase activity and LDH activity (r = 0.16, p > 0.05). We have earlier observed decreased oxyradical production in CAEV infected goats. This observed increase in serum catalase, a scavenger of endogenous free radicals such as H2O2 may be partly responsible for the observed decrease in oxygen radicals found in vivo.
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PMID:Changes in serum antioxidant concentrations during infection with caprine lentivirus. 857 49

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common neoplasm in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, information about the presenting features of pulmonary KS is limited. To describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features of pulmonary KS, medical records and chest radiographs of 168 patients with pulmonary KS diagnosed by bronchoscopy during a 7-yr period were reviewed. All of the patients were HIV-seropositive males, of whom 95% identified homosexual or bisexual sex as a risk factor for HIV infection. The median CD4 lymphocyte count was 19 cells/microliter. The most common symptoms were cough, dyspnea, and fever. Patients with a concurrent opportunistic pneumonia had a higher median serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration than did those with pulmonary KS alone (p<0.001). The most common chest radiograph findings were bronchial-wall thickening, nodules, Kerley B lines, and pleural effusions. The presence of granular opacities or cystic spaces usually indicated concomitant Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia (p < 0.001). Twenty-six patients (15.5%, 95% CI = 10.2% to 20.8%) had pulmonary KS in the absence of mucocutaneous involvement. The presentation of pulmonary KS is characterized by symptoms that cannot be distinguished from those of a superimposed infection. An elevated serum LDH concentration or a chest radiograph with granular opacities or cystic spaces should raise the suspicion of concurrent opportunistic pneumonia. The diagnosis of pulmonary KS should be considered in an HIV-infected homosexual or bisexual male with respiratory symptoms even in the absence of mucocutaneous lesions.
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PMID:Presentation of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma diagnosed by bronchoscopy. 861 70


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