Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is thought to result from infection of T cells by a pathogenic human retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV (HTLV-III/LAV)]. In this report, we synthesized sulfated plant polyphenols such as tannic acid sulfate, rutin sulfate, ellagic acid sulfate, (-)-epicatechin sulfate, and (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate sulfate, and examined the in vitro inhibitory effect on HIV infection using human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I-carrying MT-4 cells, which are extremely susceptible to HIV infection. Of the compounds tested, tannic acid sulfate was the most effective and had low cytotoxicity. Tannic acid sulfate completely inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV and the HIV-specific antigen expression in MT-4 cells at the concentration of 6 micrograms/ml. In addition, this sulfate inhibited giant cell formation in coculture at the concentration of 5 micrograms/ml.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of tannic acid sulfate and related sulfates on infectivity, cytopathic effect, and giant cell formation of human immunodeficiency virus. 148 93

Tannic acid, which comprises polyphenolic compounds from tea leaves, suppresses the glucocorticoid-induced gene expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integrated into 34I cells. To investigate whether this suppression is due to promoter responsiveness to tannic acid, we performed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase analysis transfecting a MMTV promoter containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector into mouse fibroblast L929 cells. Deletion analysis of the promoter region revealed that a 50-base pair (bp) region located downstream of the TATA element is responsible for the suppressive effect of tannic acid. The tannic acid-sensitive suppressibility was introduced into a thymidine kinase promoter by inserting the 50-bp region into the region on the 5'-upstream side of the promoter. Detailed point mutation analyses revealed that two elements, a 13-bp element and an ACTG motif in the 50-bp region, contribute to tannic acid sensitivity and promoter repressibility, respectively. Interestingly, this repressive ACTG motif is found in the human immunodeficiency virus promoter, the activity of which is also suppressed by tannic acid (Uchiumi, F., Maruta, H., Inoue, J., Yamamoto, T., and Tanuma, S. (1996) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 220, 411-417). Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift analysis revealed that a protein factor(s) in nuclear extracts from L929 cells binds to the 50-bp region in a sequence-specific manner and that the amount of DNA-protein complex is increased by tannic acid treatment. Moreover, the negative regulatory sequence ACTG and the tannic acid-sensitive 13-bp element in this region were shown to be responsible for the formation of the DNA-protein complex by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and footprint analyses. These findings suggest that the suppressive effect of tannic acid on MMTV gene expression is mediated by a protein factor(s) that binds to the negative regulatory element containing the common ACTG motif in a cooperative manner with the tannic acid-sensitive 13-bp element.
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PMID:Identification and characterization of a tannic acid-responsive negative regulatory element in the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. 957 8

As a phenolic acid, tannic acid can be classified into a polyphenolic group. It has been widely studied in the biomedical field of science because it presents unique antiviral as well as antibacterial properties. Tannic acid has been reported to present the activity against Influeneza A virus, Papilloma viruses, noroviruses, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria innocua. Nowadays, compounds of natural origin constitute fundaments of material science, and the trend is called "from nature to nature". Although biopolymers have found a broad range of applications in biomedical sciences, they do not present anti-microbial activity, and their physicochemical properties are rather poor. Biopolymers, however, may be modified with organic and inorganic additives which enhance their properties. Tannic acid, like phenolic acid, is classified into a polyphenolic group and can be isolated from natural sources, e.g., a pure compound or a component of a plant extract. Numerous studies have been carried out over the application of tannic acid as an additive to biopolymer materials due to its unique properties. On the one hand, it shows antimicrobial and antiviral activity, while on the other hand, it reveals promising biological properties, i.e., enhances the cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and wound healing processes. Tannic acid is added to different biopolymers, collagen and polysaccharides as chitosan, agarose and starch. Its activity has been proven by the determination of physicochemical properties, as well as the performance of in vitro and in vivo studies. This systematics review is a summary of current studies on tannic acid properties. It presents tannic acid as an excellent natural compound which can be used to eliminate pathogenic factors as well as a revision of current studies on tannic acid composed with biopolymers and active properties of the resulting complexes.
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PMID:Tannic Acid with Antiviral and Antibacterial Activity as A Promising Component of Biomaterials-A Minireview. 3269 26