Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common life-threatening disease diagnosed in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Patients treated for their initial episode are at risk for recurrence of the disease. HIV-positive patients with low T4 lymphocyte counts are also at risk. Conventional treatment regimens with parenteral pentamidine isethionate (Pentam 300) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole have a 50% to 60% incidence of serious adverse effects and a 20% to 40% rate of failure. Aerosolized pentamidine represents a promising new therapy for HIV-infected patients. Major adverse reactions have not been reported with its use. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) recent approval of aerosolized pentamidine may also have a positive effect on healthcare costs by preventing episodes of P carinii pneumonia. In addition, FDA approval may result in reimbursement of patients for this new therapy by more insurance companies.
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PMID:Aerosolized pentamidine in HIV. Promising new treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 266 72

We reviewed the charts of 52 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who received at least three consecutive doses of intravenous pentamidine as prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii infections. Pentamidine isethionate was administered intravenously over 60-90 minutes once a month, at a dosage of 4 mg/kg, in 250 mL of 5% dextrose in water. During 387 months of administration of primary prophylaxis to 37 patients, no cases of P. carinii pneumonia were observed. During 200 months of administration of secondary prophylaxis to 15 patients, only one case of P. carinii pneumonia was diagnosed (6.0 cases per 100 patient-years). Side effects associated with the intravenous pentamidine were mild and did not necessitate withdrawal of the drug. Once-a-month administration of intravenous pentamidine is a valid alternative as prophylaxis for P. carinii pneumonia for patients who are intolerant of sulfonamides.
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PMID:Once-a-month administration of intravenous pentamidine to patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus as prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 808 50