Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among 630 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, 70 patients with new-onset seizures were studied. Generalized seizures occurred in 66 patients (94%): they occurred as the initial seizure in 56 patients (80%) and during follow-up in another 10 patients (14%). Partial seizures (18 patients), status epilepticus (10 patients), and recurrent seizures (38 patients) were also noted. Identified processes included cerebral toxoplasmosis in 11 patients, cerebral lymphoma in 8, metabolic derangement in 8, cryptococcal meningitis in 7, and vascular infarction in 4. In 32 patients (46%) seizures were not associated with identifiable brain lesions and were believed to result from human immunodeficiency virus cerebral infection. Phenytoin treatment was associated with adverse drug reactions in 16 of 62 patients who received it. Our results suggest that the majority of patients with human immunodeficiency virus and seizures do not have secondary focal brain lesions as the cause of the seizures and that human immunodeficiency virus infection alone can, and often does, cause seizures.
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PMID:Seizures in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 234 90

Neurologic dysfunction and neuropathology are common findings in patients infected with HIV and in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The pathogenesis of lentivirus-associated alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) is multifactorial. Because seizures, alterations in memory, and behavioral changes are clinical manifestations in adults and children infected with HIV, we explored the possibility that changes in neuronal structure may occur in the hippocampus. To do this, we examined the dentate gyrus of FIV-infected cats, an animal model of HIV infection. Neuropathologic findings included gliosis within the hilus of the dentate gyrus and granule cell axonal sprouting. Using the Timm's method, which labels axons of dentate gyrus granule cells, abnormally high amounts of staining were observed in the inner one third of the molecular layer in 45% of FIV-infected cats (n = 11) and in none of the controls (n = 19). Prominent axonal sprouting was seen in three FIV-infected cats that were infected as kittens, suggesting that younger cats may be more susceptible. Axon reorganization of the dentate granule cells has been hypothesized to underlie complex partial seizure activity in human temporal lobe epilepsy. These results suggest that FIV infection causes granule cell axon reorganization in the hippocampus of cats. A similar neuropathogenetic mechanism may contribute to neurologic dysfunction in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Axonal sprouting in hippocampus of cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). 943 52

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, type 1, may present with neuropsychiatric manifestations across all stages of disease. Frequently, these patients may present with more than one neuropsychiatric disorder concomitantly. The case presented highlights the utility of detailed clinical observation, careful use of medical terminology, and a neuropsychiatric organizing paradigm in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient presenting over time with delirium, aphasia, mania, and a complex partial seizure disorder.
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PMID:The role of precise conceptualization in the treatment of a complicated HIV-1-infected neuropsychiatric patient. 1033 94