Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Objectives Platynosomum species are cat-specific parasitic trematodes that parasitize the biliary ducts and gall bladder. Due to the common connection to the major duodenal papilla of the pancreas and common bile ducts in addition to the periductal proximity of the pancreas, it is possible that platynosomosis could cause pancreatitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether platynosomosis, a commonly diagnosed parasitic disease in cats on St Kitts, has any association with pancreatic disease. Methods To investigate this possibility, the pancreas of free-roaming cats with naturally acquired platynosomosis were evaluated via ultrasound, serum concentrations of feline pancreatic lipase (fPL), cobalamin, folate and feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) and histopathology. Twenty free-roaming, young adult, feral cats, positive for feline immunodeficiency virus, and diagnosed with Platynosomum species infection via fecal analysis were recruited. The liver, biliary system and pancreas were evaluated via ultrasonography during a short duration anesthesia. Serum concentrations of fPL, fTLI, folate and cobalamin were measured. Sections of the right limb, left limb and body of the pancreas were evaluated histopathologically using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Results None of the cats had sufficient criteria to fulfill the ultrasonographic diagnosis of pancreatitis. One cat had an elevated fPL concentration in the range consistent with pancreatitis. Four cats had cobalamin deficiencies and 11 had abnormal folate concentration. The fTLI concentration was equivocal for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in one cat. With a single exception, histopathology changes, when present (n = 12), were mild, non-specific and predominantly characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates and fibrosis. The exception was a cat that presented a chronic interstitial and eosinophilic pancreatitis of slightly increased severity, likely the result of platynosomosis. Conclusions and relevance The results of this study suggest that platynosomosis rarely induces pancreatic damage in cats. With only one exception, chronic pancreatitis diagnosed in cats with fluke-induced cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis was subtle and interpreted as an incidental background lesion unrelated to platynosomosis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of pancreatic disease in feline platynosomosis. 2809 61

A 25-year-old male patient who was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) underwent a condyloma excision under spinal anesthesia. The patient complained of suspicious postdural puncture headache. The patient did not respond to conservative management. Subsequently, the subdural hematoma (SDH) was found through magnetic resonance imaging. In response, an epidural blood patch was used to improve the symptoms and inhibit the enlargement of the SDH. The patient was discharged after it was confirmed that a headache had subsided without increasing SDH. Anesthesiologist should be aware of other causes of headaches after spinal anesthesia in HIV-infected patients and should carefully and accurately identify the cause.
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PMID:Subdural hematoma occurred after spinal anesthesia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. 2821 66

Background Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic cause of patient morbidity in pain management after spinal or epidural anaesthesia, as well as after diagnostic lumbar puncture. Most patients respond to conservative treatment or to epidural blood patch, yet limited options for effective treatment are available for patients who fail these treatments or present with theoretical contraindication. Case report We present a case of a patient with previously diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C, who presented with signs of PDPH, which placed him at a theoretical risk of meningeal seeding of the virus during the blood patching procedure. Conclusion We successfully treated the post dural puncture headache and avoided the risk of viral seeding of the meninges by using a fibrin sealant.
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PMID:Treatment of post-dural puncture headache using epidural injection of fibrin sealant as an alternative to autologous epidural blood patch (case report). 2991 93

Adherence to clinical guidelines is recommended to promote appropriate antibiotic use in dentistry and address concerns about increasing antibiotic resistance. Guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures were updated in 2007 and 2015. In an effort to inform antibiotic stewardship efforts, a study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of antibiotic usage guidelines and antibiotic-prescribing practices among Minnesota dentists. During September 2015, a 22-question online survey was sent to the state dental association membership. Among 437 respondents, dentists reported a median of 4 antibiotic prophylaxis and 5 treatment prescriptions per month. Dentists reported prescribing antibiotics for prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures for patients with "high-risk conditions" (84%) and localized swelling (70%) as well as for a number of reasons that are not recommended by current guidelines, such as an upcoming vacation for the patient (38%), gingival pain (38%), legal concerns (24%), patient demand (22%), and failed local anesthesia (21%). Dentists defined high-risk conditions as a history of infective endocarditis (75%), prosthetic cardiac valve (70%), selected congenital heart disease (68%), cardiac transplantation with cardiac valvulopathy (4%), and primary care physician recommendation (59%). In addition, some dentists assigned a high-risk category to conditions that do not fall within current guideline recommendations, including prosthetic joints (39%), poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (27%), human immunodeficiency virus (18%), chronic kidney disease (13%), mitral valve prolapse (11%), all congenital heart disease (4%), and well-controlled type 2 diabetes (1%). Respondents indicated that common challenges to stewardship of antibiotic use included perceived conflicting provider guidelines (44%), conflicting scientific evidence (44%), or lack of information on antibiotic selection (19%) or risks (23%). Dentists reported greater antibiotic use than currently recommended by existing guidelines. Antibiotic stewardship efforts in dentistry should address challenges to guideline adherence.
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PMID:Combating antibiotic resistance: a survey on the antibiotic-prescribing habits of dentists. 3018 59

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and its frequency is increasing after organ transplantation in HIV-negative patients. A 28-year-old woman had preemptive kidney transplantation from her 48-year-old mother. In the postoperative ninth month, an exophytic mass was found in the upper medial conjunctiva of the right eye. The lesion was excised under local anesthesia, and cryotherapy was applied to the surgical area. The biopsy result was reported as KS. Treatment with tacrolimus was switched to everolimus (EVO), but EVO was discontinued because of pneumonitis. The patient was followed without any recurrences after the excision of the conjunctival lesion. No local or systemic recurrence was observed in the 14th month after surgical excision and local cryotherapy. Local treatment and the reduction of immunosuppressive therapy may be effective in the treatment of conjunctival KS.
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PMID:Successful Treatment of Conjunctival Kaposi Sarcoma in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report. 3203 72

Relegated to clinical afterthought, the topic of infection control has never taken center stage in our modern dental sedation and anesthesiology practices. Surgical and procedural masks, gloves, gowns, protective eyewear, and appropriate surgical attire have remained de rigueur in both fashion and custom for decades. However, the emergence of certain seminal events throughout health care history has driven mandated changes when practitioners, staff, patients, and the surrounding communities were exposed or put at risk of exposure to infectious disease. Hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, and now the global COVID-19 pandemic involving the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, have forced us into rethinking our current practices. This review article will contextualize previous epidemics and their influence on infection control in dental settings, and it will explore the rapid evolution of current modifications to personal protective equipment and infection mitigation practices specific to sedation and anesthesia in dentistry.
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PMID:Infection Control in Dental Anesthesiology: A Time for Preliminary Reconsideration of Current Practices. 3263 70


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