Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This prospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of itraconazole oral solution with those of clotrimazole troche in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Patients were excluded if they had been treated with any antifungal agents 2 weeks prior to the study entry, were pregnant or nursing, or had significant liver disease. Twenty-nine patients (20 men and nine women), with a mean age of 32 years (15-62 years), were randomly, observer-blind treated with clotrimazole troche (10 mg, five times daily) or itraconazole oral solution (100 mg/10 mL, twice daily) for 1 week. Clinical and mycologic assessment were carried out on four consecutive days, in week 1, week 2, and week 4 after the start of treatment. Clinical evaluation was assessed by a scoring method (0-3, absent to severe) as follows: soreness, change in taste, erythema, removable white plaque, and extent of lesions. Mycologic assessment was performed by KOH preparation and fungal culture. Global evaluation, which is a summary of clinical and mycologic assessment at the end of treatment, was classified as cure (all signs and symptoms resolved with no evidence of infection), improvement (decrease in clinical score without complete resolution), or failure (lack of improvement or further deterioration). (Pons V, Greenspan D, Debruin M. Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized, prospective multicenter study of oral fluconazole versus clotrimazole troches. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993; 6: 1311-1316. ) Global evaluation at week 2 and week 4 was made in terms of no relapse or relapse. Any intercurrent medical events, whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related or not, were recorded. An intention-to-treat analysis was employed. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student's t-test.
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PMID:Clinical trial: clotrimazole troche vs. itraconazole oral solution in the treatment of oral candidosis in AIDS patients. 1112 51

The natural fungal pathogens of laboratory animals such as rabbits and guinea pigs are mainly dermatophyte species, most commonly Trichophyton mentagrophytes and also, less frequently Microsporum gypseum and M. canis. However, the incidences of infection and clinical disease are low in well-managed animal facilities. Young or immunocompromised rabbits are thought to be most susceptible. Dermatophytes infect the epidermis and adnexal structures, including hair follicles and shafts, usually on or around the head, and cause pruritus, patchy alopecia, erythema and crusting. Histopathological changes in the underlying skin occur and these changes could confound histological studies involving the skin. Yeast infections usually due to Candida spp. have been reported occasionally in laboratory animals. In this paper, the role of rodents in the evaluation of topical antifungal agents, dermatophytosis and two species of Candida, which are natural pathogens of laboratory animals, are discussed in relation to their effects on research. Pneumocystis carinii, an inhabitant of the respiratory tract of laboratory mice and rats, is a pathogen only under conditions of induced or inherent immunodeficiency. Infected mice and rats are likely to develop severe pneumocystosis following immunosuppression and will be rendered unsuitable for most experimental purposes.
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PMID:Natural pathogens of laboratory animals and their effects on research. 1120 65

Two men are presented with a widespread persistent reticulate erythema concentrated within the chronically sun-damaged skin on their trunk. A fine papular element was present in one case and both lacked annular lesions. One patient was human immunodeficiency virus positive. Multiple skin biopsies showed an interstitial infiltrate of histiocytes containing multiple elastic fibres in the upper dermis. There was scant perivascular lymphocytic inflammation but no evident necrobiosis or palisaded granulomas seen typically with granuloma annulare. Elastic stains showed focal mid-dermal elastolysis. Diffuse reticulate erythema in sun-damaged skin may be a clinical marker for elastophagocytosis. This presentation differs from that previously described with actinic granuloma, diffuse granuloma annulare or the inflammatory phase of mid-dermal elastolysis and expands the clinical spectrum of this phenomenon.
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PMID:Mid-dermal elastophagocytosis presenting as a persistent reticulate erythema. 1123 23

Bloom syndrome (BS) involves the clinical features of telangiectatic erythema, immunodeficiency, and an increased risk for cancer. In order to clarify the pathogenetic significance of the responsible gene, BLM, which encodes a protein possessing homology to Escherichia coli RecQ helicase, the immunohistochemistry of BLM was examined in human brains and visceral organs from fetuses to adults and an adult with BS, using anti-BLM antibodies. Purkinje cells exhibited positive BLM immunoreactivity from 21 gestational weeks (GW), which transiently increased at approximately 40 GW. Neurons of the pontine tegmentum were immunolabeled from the early fetal period. In visceral organs, positive BLM immunoreactivity was observed in the Hassal corpuscles in the thymus from 24 GW, in beta-cells in the Langerhans islets of the pancreas from 36 GW, and in sperm cells and sperms of the testes from 11 years of age. But in a patient with BS, it was negative in the pancreas and testis tissues examined. The characteristic effect of BLM on specific cells in different periods suggests that the BLM gene product is closely related to neuronal development as well as immune, insulin secretory and sperm functions, which appear in different periods, and disorders of which are major symptoms of BS.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical expression and pathogenesis of BLM in the human brain and visceral organs. 1139 77

Erythromelalgia is a clinical syndrome characterized by burning pain in the extremities together with erythema and increased skin temperature. Typically, the patients experience relief from cold, and aggravation from warmth. Symptoms are hypothesized to be caused by arteriovenous shunting and reduced nutritive skin capillary perfusion with corresponding tissue hypoxia. Erythromelalgia is most often primary, but may be secondary to a wide variety of diseases. We report erythromelalgia in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). At peak pain intensity he actively cooled hands and feet for more than 12 h/day. Many doctors handling human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS patients are unfamiliar with erythromelalgia, and the condition can easily be overlooked, especially the more common milder cases.
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PMID:Erythromelalgia in a patient with AIDS. 1144 74

A four-year-old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat developed bilateral thickening of the pinnae, with slight curling, intense erythema and pain. No ear canal disease was present. The cat was negative for feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus and feline coronavirus. Biopsy of the ear lesion revealed auricular chondritis. In humans, histologically similar lesions may involve the pinnae, nose, trachea, joints, eyes and heart, and the disease is termed relapsing polychondritis. The cat reported had a history of corneal damage, resulting in corneal vascularisation and opacity, eyelid distortion, necessitating an entropion operation, and radiological evidence of mild cardiac enlargement. The ear disease responded rapidly to treatment with prednisolone and, apart from slight thickening and curling of the pinnae, the cat remained normal and pain-free. After two years, the prednisolone was withdrawn, and there was no recurrence of the condition in a follow-up period of 14 months.
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PMID:Auricular chondritis in a cat. 1168 26

The triad of small body size, immunodeficiency, and sun-sensitive facial erythema characterizes the phenotype Bloom syndrome (BS), a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a striking predisposition to multiple types of cancers that arise earlier than expected in the general population. Here we report two sibs with BS. The older, a 15-year-old-girl, developed a hepatocellular carcinoma, a neoplasm not yet reported in association with BS. Her younger brother developed an anaplastic Wilms tumor (WT) associated with nephrogenic rests at the age of 31/2 years, and this was followed by a myelodysplastic syndrome. Complex cytogenetic abnormalities were identified in all three neoplasms. These examples expand the spectrum of malignancies occurring in BS to include liver cell neoplasms, and confirm the association of nephrogenic rests with WT, even in the setting of BS.
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PMID:Bloom syndrome in sibs: first reports of hepatocellular carcinoma and Wilms tumor with documented anaplasia and nephrogenic rests. 1182 67

Anogenital condylomata acuminata are the most frequent clinical manifestation of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV infections is frequent (range: 26-60% in males). Topical cidofovir (a nucleotide analogue antiviral drug active against a broad range of DNA viruses) is a potential treatment for anogenital warts in immunocompromised patients. We treated three HIV-infected patients with HPV perianal condylomas with topical 1% cidofovir in flexible collodion once a day for 2 weeks. The treatment resulted in complete clearance of the HPV lesions. The patients experienced mild transient erythema without any other side-effects. None of the patients relapsed during the 10-14-month follow-up period.
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PMID:Resolution of recurrent perianal condylomata acuminata by topical cidofovir in patients with HIV infection. 1184 19

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiency, unusual facies, sun-sensitive telangiectatic erythema, immunodeficiency and predisposition to cancer. The causative gene for BS is the BLM gene which encodes the BLM RecQ helicase protein. The BLM gene has 4437 bp and encodes 1417 amino acids. The detection of BLM gene mutations for laboratory diagnosis of BS is laborious and impractical, unless there are common mutations in a population. Here we describe the immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses for the detection of the BLM protein using a polyclonal BLM antibody. The BLM gene and protein were consistently and clearly detected in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed or phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphoblasts from control and various human hematopoietic cell lines. In a 7-week old human fetal brain, the BLM gene expression was strongly detected in contrast to an adult human brain. The BLM protein was not detected in EBV-transformed lymphoblasts from three BS patients. By immunohistochemistry, nuclear dots of the BLM protein were detected in both EBV-transformed lymphoblasts and PHA-stimulated lymphoblasts from the control. However, in lymphoblasts from BS patients no nuclear dots of the BLM protein were detected. These results indicate that the combinational analysis of immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry is a useful approach to screening of BS, although a mutation analysis is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of BS.
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PMID:Expression of BLM (the causative gene for Bloom syndrome) and screening of Bloom syndrome. 1206 Aug 58

This study evaluated the health effects of routine and intensified dental care and disease prevention in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We recruited 376 HIV-infected persons ages 19 to 61 with CD4 counts between 100 and 750 into a year-long two-arm randomized controlled trial. Control group subjects (n = 185) received professional dental protective treatment and checkups at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year, plus dental care. Enhanced care patients (n = 191) received bimonthly protective treatment and twice-daily chlorhexidine mouthrinses to treat gingivitis. Active decay, gingivitis, oral pain, impact of oral health on functioning, and global functional status improved in both groups. The mean depth of periodontal pockets decreased 0.18 mm (control group) versus 0.27 mm (enhanced group) (p < 0.04), as did an erythema index (-1.22 versus -1.78, p < 0.01). No effects on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complications, symptoms, or mortality were observed. We concluded that access to dental screening, prophylaxis, and repair will significantly improve oral health, functioning, and quality of life in persons with AIDS.
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PMID:Impact of intensified dental care on outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1243 59


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