Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with severe immunosuppression as a consequence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for a number of severe periodontal diseases. HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-associated periodontitis (HIV-P) are seen exclusively in HIV-infected persons. In some cases HIV-P may extend into adjacent soft tissue and bone, resulting in necrotizing stomatitis of periodontal origin. In addition, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has also been reported to have an increased prevalence in HIV-infected patients. The clinical and microbiologic features of HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-P suggest that these diseases are early and later stages of the same lesion, that results in severe gingival erythema, extensive soft tissue necrosis, and destruction of alveolar bone. Although acute necrotizing gingivitis and the initial stages of HIV-P share a number of clinical signs current evidence indicates that they are distinct pathologic processes. Treatment of these lesions requires debridement, local antimicrobial therapy, immediate follow-up care, and long-term maintenance. In addition, patients with systemic involvement or extensive and rapidly progressing lesions may require systemic antibiotics appropriate to the organisms that dominate the lesion.
 ...
PMID:Periodontal disease associated with HIV infection. 153 35

Myopathy may be associated with the syndrome of seroconversion in individuals infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or may represent the initial symptom of AIDS. In 1990, 39-year old white, single homosexual who was admitted 1 month prior had experienced an episode of edema and pain in the left thigh that faded with the use of nonhormonal antiinflammatory drugs. 15 days later both forearms became enlarged accompanied by pain and erythema. Erythromycin and cefalexine were used without success. Intermittent fever started to appear before admission accompanied by dyspnea when straining. Examination showed tachypnea, oral candidiasis, and enlargement of both upper arms with pain and local erythema without articular involvement. Neurological examination revealed hypotonia and generalized hyperreflexia with intact muscle strength. Serology was positive for HIV, rheumatic activity tests were negative, and muscle biopsy indicated multifocal myonecrosis. Creatinine phosphokinase was 1019 IU (decrease to 44 IU after treatment), aldolase was 19 IU (decrease to 5.6 IU), and glutamic-pyruvic transminase was 50 IU (decrease to 22 IU). Radiography of the thorax indicated interstitial infiltration. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy indicated Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Sulfamethoxazole and trimetropim treatment cured the dyspnea and hypoxemia, but the enlargement of both arms progressed. Capillaroscopy indicated vasculitis that was treated without success with indomethacin (150 mg/day), for 7 days; prednisone (40-80 mg/day) for 10 days; and dexamethasone (280 mg/day) for 2 days. 6 days after methotrexate (50 mg/dose/week) treatment the fever disappeared and the enlargement in the extremities receded, but a lower dose of 7.5 mg caused the return of fever and edema in the right thigh. The myopathy remained asymptomatic for 5 months with a weekly dose of 15 mg of methotrexate.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS and myopathy: report of a case and review of the literature]. 180 40

Noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases are often a persistent problem for patients with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and they present both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the dermatologist. Well-defined diseases such as granuloma annulare, reactions to insect bites, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis may be more severe in these individuals and may be refractory to therapy. More poorly defined conditions with psoriasiform and papular morphologies have also been described. A number of skin conditions, including pityriasis rubra pilaris, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and erythema elevatum diutinum, have recently been observed in the HIV-infected host. Because the dermatologist plays an important role in diagnosis and management of patients with HIV infection, it is important that he or she be well versed in the clinical manifestations and natural history of these conditions.
 ...
PMID:Noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases in HIV-infected individuals. 183 13

Bloom's syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by short stature, sensitivity to sunlight, and telangiectasic malar erythema. It is associated to chromosomal breakage, to primary combined immunodeficiency, and to a high incidence of neoplasias. The authors report the case of two siblings with BS and associated immunodeficiency. Both patients were male and 5 (A) and 4 (B) years old at the time of diagnosis. Chronic diarrhea, recurrent otitis media, purulent rhinitis, conjunctivitis and pyodermatitis were reported by patient A. Patient B was admitted with diagnosis of bilateral neuroblastoma and had the tumor resected. Later on, he presented with oral moniliasis, herpetic stomatitis, and skin abscesses. This patient did not have recurrent infections. Immunological evaluation showed normal serum levels of CH50, C3, and C4 for both patients. Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, and salivary IgA levels were: 455 mg/dl, 15mg/dl, 20mg/dl, 0.6mg/dl for A, and 400mg/dl, 15mg/dl, 20mg/dl, and 0.2mg/dl for B, respectively. Serum antipolio antibodies (1, 2, and 3) were normal, and low levels of isohemagglutinins were observed in both patients. T cells subset determination showed: patient A--OKT3 = 66%, OKT4 = 33%, OKT8 = 32%, and 4/8 ratio = 1.0; patient B--OKT3 = 70%, OKT4 = 32%, OKT8 = 34%, and 4/8 ratio = 1.0. In vitro cellular immune response to PHA was depressed only in patient B. Patients karyotype showed chromosomal breaks with sister chromatid exchanges. Neither patient had abnormal alphafetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen serum levels. The rarity of such associations justifies the presentation of the cases.
 ...
PMID:[Familial Bloom's syndrome associated with neuroblastoma]. 221 4

Cold abscesses are defined as having no associated erythema, heat, or tenderness. They may be present in immunodeficiency disorders, deep mycoses, and other infectious diseases. As there is a dearth information on this subject in the dermatology, surgery, and infectious disease literature, we present a case of cold abscesses secondary to coccidioidomycosis and discuss the possible role of humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, prostaglandins, T cells, and other mediators in cold abscess pathogenesis. In addition, therapeutic guidelines for abscesses are reviewed.
 ...
PMID:Cold subcutaneous abscesses. 228 Apr 25

The combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar) has been reported to cause severe skin reactions including erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Recently, this drug combination has been used for prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. After two months of weekly prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, a 48-year-old homosexual man who was antibody positive for human immunodeficiency virus developed severe widespread erythema, blisters, and loss of skin in sheets, and subsequently died. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis occurring in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. The lack of absolute safety of prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine is emphasized in our case, and mandates cautious use and the consideration of less toxic prophylactic measures such as therapy with the recently introduced aerosolized pentamidine.
 ...
PMID:Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis during prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected person. 326 43

Physical examination by a single clinician showed that 17 of 51 asymptomatic homosexual men and 19 of 26 men with persistent lymphadenopathy had linear telangiectasias in a broad, crescent distribution across the chest. The telangiectasias were commonly associated with erythema in the same distribution. Of the 36 men with telangiectasias, 25 were positive for serum antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), whereas only 15 of 41 men without telangiectasias were seropositive (p = 0.001). Biopsy studies of supraclavicular skin from 6 of the men with HIV antibody and telangiectasias showed a characteristic pattern of dilated blood vessels with a perivascular small-cell infiltrate; no endothelial proliferation was noted. This histopathologic pattern was not consistently observed in HIV-seronegative men regardless of whether they had telangiectasias. These data show that telangiectasias of the upper chest are a relatively common finding in homosexual men and that they are significantly, although not exclusively, associated with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Telangiectases [corrected] of the anterior chest in homosexual men. 346 23

A 63-year-old man was referred to our department on September 14, 1992, because of multiple red papules with severe itching. Pruritic papular eruption (PPE) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient was diagnosed based on the histological findings, the reduction in CD4, and positive results for HIV antibody. In September of 1993, papules and erythematous plaques with scales appeared on both the palms and soles. The erythema was pruritic and spread gradually to the extremities and trunk. These plaques with erythema and scales are similar to those of the psoriatic lesions seen in Reiter's syndrome, although the HLA typing was not B27. Immunohistopathological findings of the papules of PPE and plaques of psoriasiform lesions showed that perivascularly infiltrated cells in the dermis were mostly lymphocytes. The lymphocytes in PPE were positive for CD45 and negative for CD3, CD43, and CD45RO, but the lymphocytes in psoriasiform lesions were positive for CD45, CD3, and CD43. Moreover, 20-30% of these lymphocytes were also intensely positive for CD45RO. These observations were similar to those obtained in the lesional skin of HIV-negative psoriasis, suggesting that there were no significant immunohistopathological differences in the abnormality of local cellular immunity related to the formation of psoriasiform lesions in HIV-negative psoriasis and HIV-positive psoriasis.
 ...
PMID:A case of AIDS manifesting pruritic papular eruptions and psoriasiform lesions: an immunohistochemical study of the lesional dermal infiltrates. 765 Feb 42

A multitude of oral lesions, including unique forms of periodontal disease, have been discovered in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the frequency of HIV-associated periodontal diseases appears to be less than previously thought, many researchers agree that an important factor influencing the prevalence of unique periodontal disease in the HIV population is the degree of immunodeficiency. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated periodontal diseases remains unclear, but may be the result of microbiota and/or alterations in the host. HIV-gingivitis, now called linear gingival erythema, and HIV-periodontitis, now called necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, have microbiology profiles similar to conventional adult periodontitis, although these lesions are quite different clinically. This article reviews clinical signs and symptoms, treatments, and the pathogenesis of HIV-related periodontal findings. It specifically focuses on the immuno-incompetence of HIV disease as a risk factor for periodontal disease. Because the caseload of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients will increase significantly in the future, the dental practitioner must be able to recognize and manage the periodontal lesions associated with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:HIV disease as a risk factor for periodontal disease. 798 97

This survey of the clinical and epidemiological features of human cowpox, a rare but relatively severe zoonotic infection, is based on 54 cases, many unpublished, which we have studied since 1969. Patients present with painful, haemorrhagic pustules or black eschars, usually on the hand or face, accompanied by oedema, erythema, lymphadenopathy, and systemic involvement. Severe, occasionally fatal, cases occur in eczematous and immunosuppressed individuals, although cowpox has not yet been reported in anyone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Variations in the clinical features are described, and the differential clinical diagnosis of cowpox, parapox, herpes virus, and anthrax infections is discussed. The role of the laboratory in diagnosis is described, and the value of electron microscopy in providing rapid confirmation is emphasized. Care in taking a detailed history will assist in the initial clinical diagnosis, and a history of contact with domestic cats, particularly during July-October, is important. The possible influence of smallpox vaccination on the incidence and severity is discussed and discounted.
 ...
PMID:Human cowpox 1969-93: a review based on 54 cases. 799 88


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>