Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in the United States has been on the decline for the last three decades. This trend has been dramatically reversed in the past few years, largely owing to the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Laryngeal TB, while well recognized in the adult population, is a rare disease in children. Only six cases have been described in the world literature since 1960. We describe three children with laryngeal TB who presented with stridor. One child required an emergency tracheotomy for control of the airway. The pathogenesis of laryngeal TB in children is postulated to differ from that in adults. In children primary infection of the larynx occurs, while in adults, laryngeal infection is secondary to pulmonary disease. All patients had triple anti-TB chemotherapy for 1 year. Laryngeal TB, although rare, may be seen more frequently in the near future and the diagnosis should always be considered.
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PMID:Laryngeal tuberculosis. A cause of stridor in children. 780 14

The immunodeficiency which results from HIV infection is associated with a range of opportunistic infections and tumors which may present with the symptoms of upper airways disease. This paper presents three cases of stridor from different causes in patients with HIV infection, all of whom recovered following treatment. The management of this problem requires consideration of the likely aetiology which, in those with advanced immunodeficiency, includes bacterial and fungal laryngitis and epiglottitis as well as rapidly growing laryngeal tumours. Recommendations for the treatment of those with HIV infection who present with severe or rapid-onset stridor should include a combination of aggressive airway intervention and broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal agents. Laryngeal biopsy for histology and culture is particularly important for those patients who fail to respond to the aforementioned treatment.
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PMID:Stridor in patients with HIV infection. 855 Nov 57

As patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are living longer, the differential diagnosis of stridor in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients should be broadened to include malignancies in addition to the common causes of infections and functional airway abnormalities. Herein, we describe a 50-year-old woman with AIDS who presented with stridor secondary to supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Stridor as a manifestation of supraglottic carcinoma in a patient with AIDS. 985 69

We report a case of acute fatal stridor in a patient newly diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. No evidence of direct airway encroachment was identified at autopsy. We review mechanisms by which tuberculosis may cause stridor and discuss the implications of co-existent HIV infection with reference to the recent literature. The report highlights the need for recognition of acute or evolving airway compromise as an uncommon manifestation of tuberculosis.
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PMID:Airway emergency in tuberculosis. 1623 14

A 37-year-old female presented confused with a preceding history of severe headache. After clinical examination and investigations, she was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis (including central nervous system involvement), and Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Her hospital stay was complicated. She developed stridor and a cerebrovascular accident with left hemiplegia. She died approximately 2 weeks after admission. The potential causes of her stridor included a mediastinal mass or a central mechanism secondary to tuberculosis meningitis. Limited resources precluded definitive imaging of the chest to rule out a mediastinal mass. Further, an autopsy was not done. Despite these limitations, this case is unique because it reports the presence of both stridor and tuberculosis meningitis in an adult patient.
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PMID:Meningitis and stridor in advanced Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 2404 55

A25-day baby neonate presented with fever and stridor. He had severe respiratory distress at admission. The systemic examination was unremarkable. The roentgenogram of soft tissues of neck revealed widening of superior mediastinum. Computed tomography of neck and upper chest revealed multiple abscesses in the retropharyngeal space, parapharyngeal space, and superior mediastinum. The child improved on aggressive antibiotic treatment protocol. It raises awareness among paediatricians to consider this diagnosis when confronting neonate with fever and stridor. An early diagnosis and aggressive appropriate management will reduce mortality and morbidity associated with this life-threatening condition. A thorough search for a primary source of infection should be done. Neonate should be screened for primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders before discharge.
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PMID:An unusual case of neonatal stridor. 2600 68

Haemophilus influenzae was the main causative organism for acute epiglottitis in the pre-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine era. However, with current widespread Hib vaccination, the causative organisms may have changed. Here, we report the case of a healthy infant with acute epiglottitis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The patient was a healthy 17-day-old male infant without a family history of immunodeficiency syndrome. He had not been started on any vaccines. On the third day of illness, he was diagnosed with acute pharyngitis with exudation on the back of the larynx. Although treatment using cefotaxime was initiated, he showed stridor, difficulty in pronunciation, and cyanosis upon crying on the fourth day. On the fifth day, he was diagnosed with acute epiglottitis by laryngoscopy, which showed a downward spread of the exudation and laryngeal edema. He was intubated and started on artificial respiration. Due to the detection of MRSA from a pharyngeal swab culture, he was treated with vancomycin. His fever disappeared on the first day after admission, and he was extubated on the eighth day after admission. MRSA genome analysis of the patient sample revealed negative Panton-Valentine leukocidin, positive toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and type IV clone of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec. This is a first case of acute epiglottitis caused by MRSA with a Panton-Valentine leukocidin-negative and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-positive staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV clone, which is known as a community-acquired MRSA in Japan. Community-acquired MRSA may be considered a causative organism for acute epiglottitis in the post-Hib vaccine era.
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PMID:Acute epiglottitis caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a healthy infant. 3046 48

Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIGE) is considered as a phagocytic or a newly classified complex and heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency disease with symptoms such as increased levels of immunoglobulin E, eczema, and, recurrent lung and skin infections. In this paper, we have presented a rare case of this syndrome. A 9-year-old Iranian girl presented with a history of pruritic maculopapular rash who was eventually diagnosed as a case of HIGE. In her recent admission, she had dysphonia, stridor and huge cauliflower cutaneous lesions on her neck, finger and vocal cords, which did not respond to intravenous antibiotics, and ultimately required surgical removal.
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PMID:A Rare Case of Hyper IgE Syndrome with Vocal Cords Involvement. 3106 59