Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumocystis jivorecii (formerly known as carinii) pneumonia (PCP) is potentially a life-threatening opportunistic infection after organ transplantation, occurring most frequently in the first 12 months, where the incidence rate is several-fold higher than in later years. PCP typically presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea and hypoxia. In organ transplant recipients, the onset of symptoms is generally more fulminant compared to patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We present a patient who developed PCP five years after a renal transplantation. His presentation was characterised by atypical symptoms and an indolent onset. Previous acute vascular rejection, ongoing maintenance prednisolone usage, cytomegalovirus seropositivity and past tuberculous infection may have predisposed this patient to PCP.
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PMID:Late-onset and atypical presentation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient. 1875 1

Approximately 90% to 95% of Kaposi sarcoma cases occur in human immunodeficiency virus - infected homosexual and bisexual men. Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma is uncommon in women, and rarely considered as a potential cause of diffuse lung disease in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The disease is usually mistaken clinically for pulmonary infection. A 32-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-month history of dyspnea, evening fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and generalized adenomegaly. Physical examination showed erythematous macules in the lower limbs. Skin and open lung biopsy demonstrated Kaposi sarcoma. Computerized tomography demonstrated peribronchovascular interstitial thickening. Although uncommon, pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in women with AIDS.
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PMID:Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus - infected woman: a case report. 1912 Dec 17

Tumors involving the heart are rare, and the majority of them are benign. Secondary lymphoma with localization to the heart is the third most common malignant heart tumor and is more common, by far, than primary cardiac lymphomas. In patients with human immunodeficiency virus, the risk of development of systemic lymphoma is 60 to 200 times higher than in the general population. Symptoms usually consist of chest pain and dyspnea. Patients can also present with obstructive symptoms, based on the location and size of the tumor, and signs such as elevated jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly. Transthoracic echocardiography is the initial modality of choice for diagnosis of cardiac lymphomas because it is readily available and helps localize the tumor, but transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging remain the best tests for evaluation. Treatment consists primarily of chemotherapy, and anticoagulation can be used in certain cases where embolization of the tumor is likely. This case review describes a 37-year-old man with past medical history significant for herpes zoster and stage 1 syphilis who presented with complaints of weight loss, intermittent fevers, and vague chest pains of 1-month duration.
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PMID:Symptomatic metastatic right atrial lymphoma in a patient with AIDS presenting with pulmonary embolization. 1912 86

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an autosomal recessive disease with a clinical history of upper and lowers respiratory infections, rhinosinusitis and bronquitis associated with complete or partial situs inversus. The authors present a 78 -year -old male caucasian patient with rhinosinusitis, lower respiratory tract infection and dyspnea, chronic otitis with hearing deficit and infertility followed in Gastroenterology for dyspepsia and constipation. The radiological studies revealed agenesis of right frontal sinus; bronchial wall thickening; bronchiectasis; cecum and ascending colon located on the left and small bowel occupies right side of abdomen. He had no immunodeficiency, allergies, cystic fibrosis and others. We concluded primary ciliary dyskinesia with heterotaxy. For the rarity of this case we decided to present it.
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PMID:[A rare case of primary ciliary dyskinesia with heterotaxy]. 1914 94

A 15-year-old domestic shorthair feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat was presented with a five day history of productive cough and acute respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed inspiratory dyspnoea and diffuse gingivostomatitis. Radiographs showed an intratracheal mass located at the level of the sixth and the seventh cervical vertebrae. Bronchoscopy revealed a unique intratracheal mass occluding about 85 per cent of the tracheal lumen. The tracheal mass was removed bronchoscopically. A diagnosis of pyogranulomatous inflammation referable to a mycobacterial infection was made based on cytological and histopathological findings. 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction testing and sequence analysis identified a novel mycobacterial species, likely a slow grower, with 95 per cent identity with Mycobacterium xenopi. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a tracheal mycobacterial granuloma in a cat, and the first time, a mycobacterium with this sequence has been identified.
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PMID:Tracheal granuloma because of infection with a novel mycobacterial species in an old FIV-positive cat. 1926 Oct 85

Cryptosporidia are intestinal spore forming protozoa, which cause intracellular infections, predominantly in the epithelial cells of the intestine. Extra-intestinal infections with Cryptosporidium parvum have been rarely reported. However, a few reports of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in HIV/AIDS cases have been mentioned in literature. In immunocompromised individuals who do not have HIV-related disease, Cryptosporidiosis has been rarely reported. We present a case of respiratory infection caused by C. parvum. The patient was a 10-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome and was receiving corticosteroids for 6 months. The child had history of low-grade fever, breathlessness and cough with expectoration of 3 months duration. The patient was nonreactive for HIV, and there was no evidence of primary immunodeficiency. Major serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and IgM) were in normal range. Simultaneous gastrointestinal involvement with C. parvum was observed.
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PMID:Pulmonary cryptosporidiosis in HIV negative, immunocompromised host. 1933 37

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare but life-threatening complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. PAH can complicate the course of HIV infection regardless of the route of HIV transmission, the stage of HIV infection, and the degree of immunosuppression. The clinical presentation and underlying pathology of PAH associated with HIV infection (PAH-HIV) are similar to those encountered in other forms of PAH, although there are data suggesting a greater inflammatory component in the HIV-related form. Given the good long-term prognosis of HIV patients with highly active antiretroviral treatments and the severity of PAH in HIV-infected patients, screening for pulmonary hypertension according to a precise algorithm is warranted in HIV-infected patients presenting with dyspnea not explained by another cause. In all cases, right heart catheterization must be performed to establish the diagnosis of PAH. Beneficial effects of antiretroviral treatments on PAH-HIV still remain to be proven. Patients with PAH-HIV appear to respond well to treatment with the prostacyclin epoprostenol, although continuous intravenous infusion is associated with a range of potential complications. Treatment with the oral dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan has been shown to benefit patients with PAH-HIV without adversely affecting the control of HIV infection, and resulted in functional and hemodynamic normalization in approximately 20% of patients. Other PAH therapies, including prostacyclin analogs, type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and single endothelin receptor antagonists, have yet to be evaluated in PAH-HIV.
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PMID:Pulmonary arterial hypertension and HIV infection. 1963 83

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis can be associated with various microorganisms and Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of them, especially in AIDS patients. Authors present the case of a 30-year-old man treated with corticosteroids for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, having restrictive ventilatory disfunction and bilateral perihilar interstitial infiltrates, ground-glass opacity on CT of the lungs. Rapid extension ofpulmonary a bnormalities (over a month) to peripheral reticular lesions and presence of fever were considered as Hamman-Rich syndrome. He was admitted to Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumophtisiology Dr.V.Babes from Timisoara during 5-13 XII 2008 for prolonged fever, night sweats, weight loss, progressive dyspnea, marked hypoxemia, tachycardia. Diagnosis of AIDS was quickly established on two positive ELISA tests, T helper cell count (CD4 = 3 cells/mm3, CD8 = 480 cells/mm3, CD4/CD8 = 0.01) and viral load (200,000 copies/ml). Treatment was started with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluconazole, corticosteroids but the patient died. Postmortem pathological examination showed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and showed P. jirovecii. Pulmonary changes caused by HIV can mimic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and HIV may become the new "great imitator". Although the number of subjects infected with HIV is increasing, failure to recognize this immunodeficiency state is still encountered. HIV infection must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of each case of prolonged fever.
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PMID:[AIDS patient with pneumocystosis and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]. 1963 66

Because of the improvement in survival rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients after the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has become an important cause of morbidity. As the awareness of PAH has increased, it is more likely that this condition will be diagnosed more frequently and earlier in the course of the disease and HIV infection. The etiopathogenesis is not clear; no evidence of direct infection of the pulmonary vascular tree has been found and the current evidence seems to favor a role of dysregulated cytokine response to HIV infection. The pathological changes of plexiform arteriopathy are indistinguishable from the pathological changes of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Dyspnea is the most common presenting symptom. Echocardiography, though always not accurate in diagnosing PAH and estimating its severity, remains the main screening tool. Right heart catheterization is the gold standard investigation for diagnosis. New therapies like prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors have improved the outcome of patients with HIV-associated PAH. However, the overall prognosis of HIV-infected patients who develop PAH still remains poor.
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PMID:Pulmonary arterial hypertension in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 1982 Feb 75

Infection of the central nervous system with Nocardia sp. usually manifests as supratentorial abscesses. Supratentorial and cerebellar abscesses from infection with Nocardia sp. following immunosuppression with long-term corticosteroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) have not been reported. An 83 years-old, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative, polymorbid male with ITP for which he required corticosteroids since age 53 years developed tiredness, dyspnoea, hemoptysis, abdominal pain, and progressive gait disturbance. Imaging studies of the lung revealed an enhancing tumour in the right upper lobe with central and peripheral necrosis, multiple irregularly contoured hyperdensities over both lungs, and right-sided pleural effusions. Sputum culture grew Nocardia sp. Neurological diagnostic work-up revealed dysarthria, dysphagia, ptosis, hypoacusis, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, proximal weakness of the lower limbs, diffuse wasting, and stocking-type sensory disturbances. The neurological deficits were attributed to an abscess in the upper cerebellar vermis, myopathy from corticosteroids, and polyneuropathy. Meropenem for 37 days and trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole for 3 months resulted in a reduction of the pulmonary, but not the cerebral lesions. Therefore, sultamicillin was begun, but without success. Long-term therapy with corticosteroids for ITP may induce not only steroid myopathy but also immune-incompetence with the development of pulmonary and cerebral nocardiosis. Cerebral nocardiosis may not sufficiently respond to long-term antibiotic therapy why switching to alternative antibiotics or surgery may be necessary.
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PMID:Cerebellar nocardiosis and myopathy from long-term corticosteroids for idiopathic thrombocytopenia. 2004 27


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