Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical symptoms and signs were assessed in 20 consecutive patients developing infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All were male homosexuals and all presented with a glandular-fever-like illness. Changes in laboratory values were compared with findings in 40 HIV negative male homosexual controls. In the 10 patients for whom date of exposure to the virus could be established the incubation period was 11-28 days (median 14). One or two days after the sudden onset of fever patients developed sore throat, lymphadenopathy, rash, lethargy, coated tongue, tonsillar hypertrophy, dry cough, headache, myalgia, conjunctivitis, vomiting, night sweats, nausea, diarrhoea, and palatal enanthema. Twelve patients had painful, shallow ulcers in the mouth or on the genitals or anus or as manifested by oesophageal symptoms; these ulcers may have been the site of entry of the virus. During the first week after the onset of symptoms mild leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased numbers of banded neutrophils were detected (p less than 0.0005). The mean duration of acute illness was 12.7 days (range 5-44). All patients remained healthy during a mean follow up period of 2.5 years. Heightened awareness of the typical clinical picture in patients developing primary HIV infection will alert the physician at an early stage and so aid prompt diagnosis and help contain the epidemic spread of AIDS.
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PMID:Clinical picture of primary HIV infection presenting as a glandular-fever-like illness. 314 67

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
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PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

Three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia are reported. All patients presented with progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arterial hypoxemia. Chest roentgenograms exhibited bilateral diffuse reticular-nodular densities. The diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was made by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or open lung biopsy. Two patients were treated with corticosteroids, with significant improvement. The third patient died of pneumonia due to Pneumocystis carinii six months after the diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was established. Serum antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were demonstrable in the two patients in whom the test was performed. Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia is probably another pulmonary manifestation of AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Although the clinical presentation may be identical to the more common opportunistic infections, the treatment differs, and the prognosis may be better.
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PMID:Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 349 42

In an ongoing prospective study of homosexual men conducted in Vancouver since November 1982, 87 cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion have been documented to date. Comparison of laboratory results obtained a mean of 4.9 months before and 5.4 months after the estimated date of seroconversion revealed that a significant increase in the serum IgG level (from 1149 to 1335 mg/dl on average) and in C1q binding (from 8.8% to 14.2% on average) was associated with early HIV infection (p less than 0.001). A marginally significant decrease in the ratio of helper to suppressor (CD4 to CD8) cells (from 1.55 to 1.29 on average) was also noted (p = 0.025). A marked decrease in absolute number of CD4 cells was not seen with seroconversion, which suggests that profound loss of these cells may be a long-term effect of HIV infection. The occurrence of symptoms (including fatigue, fever, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea, joint pains, cough unrelated to smoking, shortness of breath, oral thrush, herpes zoster and rash) did not increase with seroconversion. This finding suggests that most cases of HIV seroconversion may be asymptomatic or associated with relatively minor symptoms. On the other hand, generalized lymphadenopathy was found to develop after HIV seroconversion in about 50% of cases.
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PMID:The Vancouver Lymphadenopathy-AIDS Study: 7. Clinical and laboratory features of 87 cases of primary HIV infection. 364 8

Both upper and lower respiratory tracts can be affected by food allergy. In infants these symptoms may be due exclusively to food allergy or may result from the effect of food allergy and another co-factor (gastro-esophageal reflux, immunodeficiency, concomitant allergy to inhalants, etc.). The incidence of food-induced asthma is not well know. In this study, using open and double blind food challenge, we found that the incidence of IgE-mediated, food-induced asthma in children is 5.7%. The most offending foods were milk, eggs, and peanuts. Food allergy respiratory symptoms were almost always associated with other clinical manifestations (cutaneous, gastrointestinal). In fact we have been able to demonstrate only one isolated case of cough due to food allergy. It follows that the recognition of food dependent-IgE-mediated asthma is essentially limited to these cases characterized by food allergy with asthmatic expression.
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PMID:[Incidence of asthma caused by food allergy in childhood]. 369 22

S-sulfonated gamma-globulin (GGS), derived from human gamma-globulin by selective sulfonation, retains the dimensional structure and antibody activity of 7S gamma-globulin. GGS does not bind with complement, and is therefore suitable for intravenous administration. Fc activity is recovered through in vivo conversion to intact globulin following IV administration. A total of 414 administrations of GGS was made to 48 patients with primary immunodeficiency syndrome. The frequency of episodes of fever, cough, and infections suffered by those patients who had been treated with other globulin preparations for about one year before the administration of GGS was compared with that following replacement GGS therapy for about one year. Symptomatic relief on administration of GGS was confirmed to be excellent. The administration of 100 mg/kg/BW of GGS resulted in the IgG level rising to 220 mg/dl, with a decrease to 100 mg/dl after one week. The IgG level at two weeks was 70 mg/dl. It is possible to maintain an IgG level of 200 mg/dl by administration of 100 mg/kg/BW of GGS once every 3-4 weeks.
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PMID:Clinical trial of sulfonated immunoglobulin preparation for intravenous administration. I. Replacement therapy for primary immunodeficiency syndromes. 616 54

Fourteen previously healthy young patients with unusual community-acquired opportunistic infections were seen over a period of three years. They differ from patients previously described in that 11 were heterosexual drug abusers (including two women) and only three were homosexual men. There were eight Puerto Ricans, five blacks, and one white. Infections included Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven), disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cytomegalovirus infection (one each), oral thrush (13), and Candida esophagitis (two). All patients had impaired cellular immunity manifested by cutaneous anergy and lymphopenia, and all 11 tested had a markedly decreased ratio of T helper/inducer cells to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Twelve had evidence of associated viral infection (Epstein-Barr virus in nine, cytomegalovirus in five, Herpes simplex type 2 in two). Clinical presentation was with a severe opportunistic infection or with a prodrome consisting of oral thrush and nonspecific findings including malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, or cough. The syndrome of immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection occurs in nonwhite heterosexual drug abusers, not exclusively in white homosexual men, and patients may present for medical care before the onset of a severe opportunistic infection.
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PMID:Community-acquired opportunistic infections and defective cellular immunity in heterosexual drug abusers and homosexual men. 621 79

Both upper and lower respiratory tracts can be affected by food allergy. Manifestations in either may be exclusively due to food allergy (common in infants) or may result from the combined effects of food allergy plus another defect such as gastroesophageal reflux, a congenital defect of the heart or tracheo-bronchial tree, an immunodeficiency syndrome such as isolated IgA or IgG4 deficiency, or a concomitant inhalant allergy. Chronic rhinitis is the most common respiratory tract manifestation of food allergy. When it occurs in conjunction with lung disease, it may be a helpful indicator of activity of the allergic lung disease and of the patient's compliance in following a specific diet. Recurrent serous otitis media may be solely or partially due to food allergy. Large tonsillar and adenoid tissues, sometimes with upper airway obstruction, may be caused, or aggravated by, food allergies. Lower respiratory tract disease manifested by chronic coughing, wheezing, pulmonary infiltrates, or alveolar bleeding may also occur. Lower respiratory tract involvement is generally associated with a greater delay in onset of symptoms and with a larger quantity of allergen ingestion than chronic rhinitis. Food allergy should be considered when there is a history of prior intolerance to a food in childhood or of symptoms beginning soon after a particular food was introduced into the diet. It is an important consideration in patients who have chronic respiratory tract disease which does not respond adequately to the usual therapeutic measures and is otherwise unexplained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Respiratory diseases and food allergy. 623 77

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a new disease which first appeared in human populations about 1979. The disease is defined by the development of unusual types of cancer (e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma), or severe cellular immunodeficiency manifested by opportunistic infections (e.g. Pneumocystis carinii infection), or both. Although the etiology of AIDS is unknown, the epidemiologic evidence is consistent with an infectious agent transmitted by blood (e.g. transfusion, needle sharing) or sexual intercourse. Over three-quarters of the cases have been in homosexual or bisexual males and in intravenous drug abusers; about 5% of cases do not have recognized risk factors. A small number of cases have resulted from transfusion of blood or blood products. The early clinical manifestations are non-specific, and may include asymptomatic skin lesions, dyspnea and dry cough, weight loss, chronic diarrhea, and focal and non-focal central nervous system findings. Treatment for the associated cancers and opportunistic infections may be successful in individual instances, but the underlying immunosuppression of AIDS appears to progress inexorably and the fatality rate approaches 100% within a few years from diagnosis. Although nosocomial transmission has not been documented, infection control guidelines have been developed by analogy with hepatitis B infection.
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PMID:The acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an international health problem of increasing importance. 633 36

M. pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia. The diagnosis is suspected when the patient presents with symptoms suggesting primary atypical pneumonia including cough, fever, chills, headache, and malaise in association with a segmental or subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate(s), the white blood cell count is normal or only slightly elevated, and the Gram stain of the sputum (if any can be obtained) reveals polymorphonuclear leukocytes and few bacteria. The diagnosis is more difficult when the patient presents with symptoms not suggestive of pneumonia including lethargy, dyspnea, and a 1- to 4-week history of shortness of breath without cough or fever in association with diffuse reticulonodular or interstitial pulmonary infiltrates. The disease in the previously healthy host is usually benign and self-limiting. However, the course is shortened by the administration of tetracycline derivatives or erythromycin. M. pneumoniae pneumonia can occur in association with other diseases including sickle cell anemia, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Hodgkin's disease, and various other immunodeficiency states. In these patients mycoplasma pneumonia can be very serious. Although there is no pathognomonic clinical or radiographic presentation, careful consideration of epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data are usually sufficient to suggest the diagnosis in most patients.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumonia. 676 79


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