Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and ninety three consecutive pregnant women attending peripheral antenatal clinics attached to Ngwelezana Hospital, Empangeni, Kwa-Zulu, were examined for evidence of sexually transmitted pathogens. The following incidences were found: Trichomonas vaginalis 49.2% (95), Candida spp 38.3% (74), Chlamydia trachomatis 11.4% (22), Gardnerella vaginalis 6.2% (12), Neisseria gonorrhoeae 5.7% (11), positive syphilis serology results 11.9% (23), hepatitis B surface antigen 4.1% (eight). No woman had antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Dyskaryotic smears were found in 20 (10.4%). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected cytologically in 11 (5.7%). The range of sexually transmitted pathogens found in this rural community was similar to that found in urban groups studied in South Africa.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted pathogens in pregnant women in a rural South African community. 280 89

To start an active sexual activity at an earlier age and with a larger number of partners, has arousen the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases (STS). The teenagers are a group particularly affected. The objective of this article is to report the etiology of STD in a group of teenagers, out-patients at the Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia (INPer). The study includes 1360 patients at the clinic of STD at the INPer, 8.5 percent were less than 20 years old; 18.9 percent of them had previously a STD. The most frequent pathology was cervicovaginitis and the most frequently isolated pathogens were Candida sp, Gardnerella vaginalis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. There were no cases of gonorrhea. Three patients had Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
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PMID:[Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a group of adolescents attending a perinatal care institute]. 806 80

It has been described that women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) present more frequent cytological abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears, generally related to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). The present work is a study of cervicovaginal smears of 147 HIV-seropositive women submitted to routine gynecological examinations. The smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Cytopathic effects of HPV were found in 38 (25.8%) cases. Nuclear atypias of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were evident in 36 (24.5%) of these cases: 27 (18.4%), CIN I; 6 (4.0%), CIN II and 3 (2.0%) CIN III. Also 2 (1.4%) invasive carcinomas and one (0.7%) endocervical dysplasia were found. Other agents observed were: Candida sp, 19 (12.9%) cases, Gardnerella vaginalis, 19 (12.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis, 13 (8.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis 5 (3.4%), Mobiluncus sp 2 (1.4%) and Herpes simplex virus 1 (0.7%). This study emphasizes the high frequency of HPV/CIN cervicovaginal abnormalities in HIV-seropositive in our population. It is possible that immunological factors and sexual promiscuity are involved in this phenomenon.
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PMID:Papillomavirus in cervicovaginal smears of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 873 Dec 85

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with an increased rate of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, and Gardnerella vaginalis is frequently isolated from the genital tracts of women with BV. G. vaginalis lysates were found to significantly stimulate HIV expression in monocytoid cells. Stimulation was significantly higher when lysates were heated at 100 degrees C for 5 min but was reduced by treatment with lysozyme or protease. G. vaginalis lysates also activated HIV expression in certain T cell lines. G. vaginalis lysates activated HIV long-terminal repeat transcription in HIV-infected cells and increased NF-kappaB binding activity, indicating an effect by G. vaginalis on HIV transcription. The activation of HIV production by G. vaginalis suggests that genital tract infection with G. vaginalis increases the risk of HIV transmission by increasing HIV expression in the genital tract. This may explain, at least in part, the increased rate of HIV transmission in women with BV.
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PMID:Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis. 1006 88

Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 expression by Gardnerella vaginalis is one possible cause for an increase in the amount of virus in the genital tract. The ability of G. vaginalis to induce HIV expression in chronically infected U1 cells was investigated, along with its possible relationship to biotype, genotype, and resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Significant HIV stimulatory activity was found in 5 (50%) lysates of G. vaginalis. The ability to induce HIV expression in U1 cells was statistically associated with G. vaginalis biotype (P=.048) but not with genotype or resistance to metronidazole and bacteriocin. Further studies to explore the in vivo relevance of HIV activation by G. vaginalis in the female genital tract are warranted, since prevention strategies of bacterial vaginosis and colonization by certain biotypes of G. vaginalis may be valuable in reducing the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 stimulatory activity by Gardnerella vaginalis: relationship to biotypes and other pathogenic characteristics. 1139 5

Mucosal immune system activation may represent a critical determinant of adverse consequences associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), such as sexual human immunodeficiency virus transmission, upper genital tract infections, postsurgical infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Concentrations of sialidase, prolidase, and anti-Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin (Gvh) immunoglobulin A (IgA) were higher in vaginal fluids of 75 fertile women with BV, compared with concentrations in vaginal fluids of 85 healthy control subjects. Interleukin (IL)-8 levels were positively associated with anti-Gvh IgA response and inversely correlated with high levels of prolidase and sialidase in women with BV. IL-8 concentration was strongly associated with leukocyte count in both healthy and BV-positive women. The absence of leukocytes in most women with BV likely is due to lack of IL-8 induction. Parallel impairment of innate and adaptive mucosal immune factors, likely through microbial hydrolytic effects, may allow for the ascent of microorganisms to the upper genital tract and may facilitate viral infections.
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PMID:Correlation of local interleukin-8 with immunoglobulin A against Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin and with prolidase and sialidase levels in women with bacterial vaginosis. 1202 67

A 26-year-old woman presented with a high-grade fever and chills of 2 days' duration. She complained of associated joint pain, especially in the wrists and knees. One day before admission, tender skin lesions began to develop on the fingers, and subsequently spread to the more proximal extremities. The patient recalled having a sore throat and a nonproductive cough before the onset of the fever and eruption. The past medical history was significant for Gardnerella vaginitis and several urinary tract infections. The patient was taking oral contraceptive pills; her most recent menstruation was 3 weeks before admission. She reported having sexual intercourse with her boyfriend 2 weeks before admission. The patient's temperature was 40 degrees C. Dermatologic examination revealed a 6-mm, hemorrhagic pustule on an ill-defined pink base, overlying the volar aspect of the left second proximal interphalangeal joint (Fig. 1a). Scattered on the upper and lower extremities were occasional round, ill-defined pink macules with central pinpoint vesiculation (Fig. 1b). A skin biopsy of the digit revealed a dense neutrophilic infiltrate with leukocytoclasis and marked fibrin deposition in the superficial and deep dermal vessels (Fig. 2a). Gram stains demonstrated the presence of Gram-negative diplococci (Fig. 2b). Laboratory findings included leukocytosis (leukocyte count of 20 x 109/L, with 81% neutrophils). Analysis of an endocervical specimen by polymerase chain reaction was positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and negative for Chlamydia trachomatis. Throat and blood cultures grew N. gonorrhoeae. Specimen cultures obtained by skin biopsy yielded no growth. Results of serologic analysis for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis, syphilis, and pregnancy were negative. Beginning on admission, intravenous ceftriaxone, 2 g, was administered every 24 h for 6 days, followed by oral cefixime, 400 mg twice daily for 4 days. Oral azithromycin, 1 g, was administered to treat possible coinfection with C. trachomatis. By treatment day 4, the patient was afebrile, with the resolution of leukocytosis and symptomatic improvement of arthralgias.
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PMID:Disseminated gonococcemia. 1265 17

Infections of the urogenital tract in women represent a major burden on the quality of life of women and on the health care system of Canada and other countries. Complications arising from bacterial vaginosis (BV) include increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases including human immunodeficiency virus and elevated risk of preterm birth (PTB). Pharmaceutical interventions, such as antibiotics, have been suboptimally effective and have failed to reduce the incidence of PTB. The absence of lactobacilli in the vagina, a specific feature of BV, raises the question as to whether restoration of lactobacilli, by probiotic therapy, can restore the normal flora and improve the chances of having a healthy term pregnancy. The rationale for probiotic use in pregnant women is quite strong. Certain lactobacilli strains can safely colonize the vagina after oral and vaginal administration, displace and kill pathogens including Gardnerella vaginalis and Escherichia coli, and modulate the immune response to interfere with the inflammatory cascade that leads to PTB. Additional attributes of probiotics include their potential to degrade lipids and enhance cytokine levels, which promote embryo development. In a society that focuses on disease rather than health and drug therapy rather than natural preventive measures, it will take some effort to get remedies such as probiotics into mainstream care. Perhaps the escalating health care budgets and emergence of "superbugs" will provide the incentives to put in place clinical trials designed to evaluate how best to use the commensal organisms that, after all, make up more of our body than human cells, and without which none of us would survive.
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PMID:The potential for probiotics to prevent bacterial vaginosis and preterm labor. 1458 79

The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and other lower genital tract infections were determined in women from a developing community. Patients were recruited from four out-patient clinics of a large urban tertiary referral hospital serving the indigent Black population of KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa. A total of 208 women attending the sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (n = 51), colposcopy (n =50), family planning (n = 52) and antenatal (n = 55) clinics were investigated. Endocervical and vaginal specimens were collected for microbiological investigation of recognised sexually transmitted pathogens. Estimation of vaginal pH, amine test and wet smear microscopy were performed at the bedside. Peripheral venous blood was obtained for serological tests for syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Vaginal infections were detected in a total of 50% (104) of women, endocervical infections alone in 9% (18) and concurrent vagino-endocervical infections in 20% (41). Bacterial vaginosis (BV) was diagnosed in 35% (73) and its prevalence amongst different clinic populations ranged from 25% to 41% with no significant differences between any groups. Trichomoniasis was detected significantly more often in women attending the STD and antenatal clinics. Endocervical infections were found mainly in women attending the STD clinic, though the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis amongst the other clinic attenders ranged from 13% to 20%. Micro-organisms such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, anaerobes and curved Gram-negative rods were found in significantly higher number of women with BV. This study confirms the high prevalence of vaginal, endocervical and mixed vagino-endocervical infections in women from developing communities. The high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis as a single infection and its association with other recognised sexually transmitted pathogens in a large proportion of women, is of significance since such infections not only predispose to ascending upper genital tract infections but are also associated with complications in pregnancy such as premature rupture of membranes, preterm labour and endometritis.
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PMID:Bacterial vaginosis and lower genital tract infections in women attending out-patient clinics at a tertiary institution serving a developing community. 1551 15

The most common type of candidiasis involves mucosal sites such as the oral cavity, the gastrointestinal tract and the vagina. Among many of virulence factors, the production of secretory aspartyl proteinase (Sap) by Candida albicans (C. albicans) has gained much attention, and factors leading to Sap induction are thus under intense study. The aim of this study was to examine whether some microorganisms such as Lactobacillus, Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis), human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and human herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) had any Sap inducing effect on C. albicans. Here we showed that among the microorganisms tested in vitro only HIV-1 induced Sap production from C. albicans.
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PMID:Induction of secretory aspartyl proteinase of Candida albicans by HIV-1 but not HSV-2 or some other microorganisms associated with vaginal environment. 1577 Apr 46


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