Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The study deals with evaluation of the head and neck manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is a preliminary, prospective study, conducted in the department of ENT and microbiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur. The clinical presentations for HIV infection and AIDS with head and neck involvement are shown in this paper. Forty patients with HIV infection and various head and neck manifestations are included in this study The median age of diagnosis was 33 years with male to female ratio of 3.4: 1. The predominant mode of transmission of HIV infection among the patients of this series was found to be intravenous drug use (IDU) in 65% of cases. Rhinosinusitis was found to be the most common presenting feature constituting 27.5% of the cases followed by oral candidiasis in 22.5% of the cases. After consideration and observation of all the facts and findings, this study concludes and proposes that it will be well for all clinicians, including otolaryngologists especially, to bear a high level of suspicion for HIV infections in their day to day practice.
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PMID:Head and neck manifestations of HIV infection: a preliminary study. 1284 91

Rhinosinusitis is a common children's disease. Most cases are acute, follow an episode of common cold, and are the consequence of a superimposed bacterial infection. If mild, they are characterized by the persistence of signs and symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease for more than 10 days; if severe, they involve fever and a purulent nasal discharge, and can cause a substantial decline in general health. Recurrent acute or chronic cases are usually diagnosed in children with predisposing factors, such as recurrent respiratory tract infections, allergic rhinitis, cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency, ciliary dyskinesia, anatomic abnormalities or reflux. Therapy is based on antibiotics, administered orally in mild, and intravenously in severe cases. On the basis of recently highlighted antibiotic resistances and the possibility of spontaneous resolution, experts agree in considering amoxicillin the drug of choice for mild cases, and an antibiotic capable of overcoming all possible resistance for severe cases.
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PMID:New insights into pediatric rhinosinusitis. 1776 98

A variety of systemic conditions impact the incidence, severity, prognosis, and treatment approach in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The controversy surrounding the impact of allergic rhinitis on CRS continues, but it is reasonable to consider and treat allergic sources of inflammation in any patient with CRS. CRS is more severe in patients with aspirin sensitivity but improves--at least temporarily--to the same degree as in non-aspirin-sensitive patients, given appropriate therapy. Polypoid rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis patients is characterized by compromised mucociliary clearance and infection with staphylococcal and pseudomonal organisms. Affected individuals require frequent antibiotic treatment, saline lavage, and repeated surgeries. Rhinosinusitis is among the most common infectious complications of humoral immunodeficiency, which is not uncommon in patients with refractory CRS. The treatment approach in immunodeficiency includes aggressive antibiotic treatment and intravenous immunoglobulin. Specific diagnosis of comorbid systemic conditions with CRS will facilitate appropriate management.
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PMID:Rhinosinusitis and comorbidities. 2042 95

Rhinosinusitis is a significant health problem, causing significant morbidity and resulting in considerable financial cost. Some patients suffer persistent or recurrent symptoms despite receiving optimal medical and surgical treatment. Rhinosinusitis can be acute or chronic, acute often due to viral or bacterial infections and chronic which is classified into chronic with nasal polyposids or chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. The disease affects the quality of life significantly and presents a significant burden on health costs globally. The anatomical linkage of the nose with the paranasal sinuses facilitates a common pathology in both organs. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has heterogeneous origins, including viruses, bacteria, fungal infections, anatomical abnormalities, polyposis, and aspirin sensitivity. Other conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency and cystic fibrosis may also be predisposing factors. Nasal polyposis is often associated with increased numbers of Th2 lymphocytes, fibroblasts, goblet cells, mast cells, and eosinophils, with upregulation of IL-13 and the release of specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins. There is recent evidence that antibiotic treatment may not be as effective as higher doses of intranasal steroids in acute uncomplicated rhinosinusitis, especially in those with allergic disease. The broad inflammatory basis of the pathology of CRS also reveals a cellular infiltrate theoretically suppressed by intranasal corticosteroids. This has been confirmed in recent clinical studies of CRS with or without polyps. A treatment approach based on such studies reported in the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis guidelines and a guideline summary are presented. The current review represents the proceedings of a session (3 talks) by the authors at the first Middle East-Asia Allergy, Asthma, Immunology Congress in 2009.
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PMID:Indications, efficacy, and safety of intranasal corticosteriods in rhinosinusitis. 2326 78

Rhinosinusitis is a significant health problem, causing significant morbidity and resulting in considerable financial cost. Some patients suffer persistent or recurrent symptoms despite receiving optimal medical and surgical treatment. Rhinosinusitis can be acute or chronic, acute often due to viral or bacterial infections and chronic which is classified into chronic with nasal polyposids or chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. The disease affects the quality of life significantly and presents a significant burden on health costs globally. The anatomical linkage of the nose with the paranasal sinuses facilitates a common pathology in both organs. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has heterogeneous origins, including viruses, bacteria, fungal infections, anatomical abnormalities, polyposis, and aspirin sensitivity. Other conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency and cystic fibrosis may also be predisposing factors. Nasal polyposis is often associated with increased numbers of Th2 lymphocytes, fibroblasts, goblet cells, mast cells, and eosinophils, with upregulation of IL-13 and the release of specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins. There is recent evidence that antibiotic treatment may not be as effective as higher doses of intranasal steroids in acute uncomplicated rhinosinusitis, especially in those with allergic disease. The broad inflammatory basis of the pathology of CRS also reveals a cellular infiltrate theoretically suppressed by intranasal corticosteroids. This has been confirmed in recent clinical studies of CRS with or without polyps. A treatment approach based on such studies reported in the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis guidelines and a guideline summary are presented. The current review represents the proceedings of a session (3 talks) by the authors at the first Middle East-Asia Allergy, Asthma, Immunology Congress in 2009.
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PMID:Indications, efficacy, and safety of intranasal corticosteriods in rhinosinusitis. 2328 90