Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence and variety of solid tumors reported among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are increasing. Among the most common of these tumors are anogenital malignant and premalignant tumors associated with human papillomavirus infection. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is one such human papillomavirus-associated lesion and appears to be more common among women with HIV infection than HIV-negative women. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia also appears to progress more rapidly among HIV-positive women, and these women are at high risk for progression to invasive cervical cancer in the absence of rigorous screening, treatment, and follow-up. Likewise, HIV-positive men with a history of receptive anal intercourse have a high prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and a rapidly increasing incidence of invasive anal cancer. The approach to the prevention of anal cancer is similar to that of cervical cancer, although experience with diagnostic and treatment measures is still limited for anal disease. As individuals with advanced immunosuppression live longer due to improvements in the medical therapy for HIV infection, it is expected that the incidence of human papillomavirus-associated neoplasia, as well as that of other tumors, will continue to increase.
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PMID:Human papillomavirus-associated anogenital neoplasia and other solid tumors in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. 166 Nov 70

465 intravenous drug abuser (IVDA) women were studied to evaluate the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, 2207 university students have been considered as control group. A complete gynecological evaluation with Pap smear and cervico-vaginal cultures were performed. Informations on sexual and behavioural patterns were collected using a standard questionnaire. IVDAs show early onset of sexual activity (15 vs. 18 yrs) and many sexual partners; just a small percentage of them use condom, efficacious in the protection against venereal diseases. These peculiar behavioural patterns and the immunodeficiency ascribable to the drug abuse may condition the high frequency of viral and bacterial infections of lower genital tract (53% vs 0.8% and 67% vs 10% respectively). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has been found significantly more frequently in IVDA women (16%) than in control group (1%) p less than .01.
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PMID:[Sex behavior and sexually transmitted diseases in drug-dependent women: study of 465 cases]. 177 80

50 conisation or hysterectomy specimens with different degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), carcinoma in situ (CiS) or invasive carcinoma, as well as controls, were studied by conventional histological methods as well as by immunohistochemistry. In CIN I and II there is a significant reduction of T lymphocytes, macrophages and T accessory cells, whereby CIN III, CiS and invasive carcinoma show a noticeable increase in the number of immunocompetent cells. The depletion of immunocompetent cells in CIN probably represent a local immunodeficiency state which permits progression of HPV-associated CIN, whilst the marked increase of accessory and effector cells in the stroma of high grade CIN and invasive carcinoma does not appear to exert control over the neoplastic cells, due to an ineffective tumour-specific activation.
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PMID:[Local immune reactions in carcinoma in situ and cervix cancer--a histologic and immunohistochemical study]. 185 Nov 16

Women attending 2 family planning clinics in Nairobi, Kenya, were enrolled in a study of risk factors for HIV infection between October 1989 and May 1991. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire on social, demographic, medical, and sexual behavior. During pelvic examination, were obtained specimens, for a Papanicolaou (PAP) smear and for sexually transmitted disease (STDs). 4058 women had an interpretable smear (with both squamous and endocervical cells present). 82 of the 4058 (women 2.0% had cytological evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): 58 had CIN-I, 23 had CIN 11, and 1 had CIN III. Single women were at a reduced ask for CIN (multivariate odds ratio = OR, 0.25; 95% confidence interval = CI, 0.07-0.86). There was no consistent association between number of pregnancies and CIN, although there was some evidence of a protective effect of later age at first pregnancy (P for linear trend = 0.07 and 0.35 in the crude and multivariate analyses, respectively). Age at first intercourse of at least 19 years compared with an age of 16 years of under was protective against CIN (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20-0.97). Having more than one lifetime sex partner increased the risk of CIN (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.86-2.99). Positive syphilis serology was associated with a doubling of risk (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 0.6%-7.63). Oral, intrauterine, or injectable contraception was not significantly associated with CIN. Ten (4.9%) of the 205 HIV-seropositive women had CIN, compared with 72 (1.9%) of the 3853 HIV-seronegative women (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.29-5.49). This positive association remained after controlling for sexual behavior and other risk factors. On clinical examination, enlarged cervical, axillary, or inguinal lymph nodes were detected in 5.1% of the HIV-seropositive women compared with 1.7% of the HIV-seronegative women. CIN was more common among 204 HIV-seropositive women with symptoms or signs consistent with immunodeficiency (weight loss, fever, diarrhea); however, none of these associations reached statistical significance.
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PMID:The relationship between HIV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women attending two family planning clinics in Nairobi, Kenya. 831 80

It has been described that women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) present more frequent cytological abnormalities in cervicovaginal smears, generally related to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). The present work is a study of cervicovaginal smears of 147 HIV-seropositive women submitted to routine gynecological examinations. The smears were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Cytopathic effects of HPV were found in 38 (25.8%) cases. Nuclear atypias of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were evident in 36 (24.5%) of these cases: 27 (18.4%), CIN I; 6 (4.0%), CIN II and 3 (2.0%) CIN III. Also 2 (1.4%) invasive carcinomas and one (0.7%) endocervical dysplasia were found. Other agents observed were: Candida sp, 19 (12.9%) cases, Gardnerella vaginalis, 19 (12.9%), Trichomonas vaginalis, 13 (8.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis 5 (3.4%), Mobiluncus sp 2 (1.4%) and Herpes simplex virus 1 (0.7%). This study emphasizes the high frequency of HPV/CIN cervicovaginal abnormalities in HIV-seropositive in our population. It is possible that immunological factors and sexual promiscuity are involved in this phenomenon.
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PMID:Papillomavirus in cervicovaginal smears of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 873 Dec 85

Cervical intraepithelial lesions associated with genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection occur with increased frequency and severity among women with immunodeficiency. In this study, we considered 24 HIV-seropositive and 12 HIV-seronegative women. Each woman was interviewed and underwent a cytologic and colposcopic evaluation. Then colposcopic and cytologic findings were correlated with histologic and differences between HIV-seropositives and seronegatives were analyzed. Ten (41%) of 24 HIV-seropositive and one (9%) of 12 HIV-seronegative women had human papilloma virus infection. Among seropositives, eight (34%) had cervical intraepithelial (CIN): of those eight, 5 had CIN I, 2 CIN II and 1 CIN III. There (24%) of the 12 HIV-seronegative had CIN: two had CIN I and one CIN II. Six of the HIV-seropositive women were found to have multicentric disease (two or more sites). The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papilloma virus infection, sexual habits, reproducive history, and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The results of this study suggest that cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a common finding in HIV-infected women. Papanicolaou tests should be effective for detecting cervical disease in this population.
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PMID:[Incidence of HPV and CIN in HIV positive women]. 882 Mar 92

The objectives of our study were to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in a southeastern human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population relative to an HIV-negative control group and to compare these findings with published reports from other geographic regions. Demographic, medical, and cytopathologic data were collected on 89 HIV-positive women receiving care at the Duke Adult Infectious Disease Clinic. Comparisons were made with 100 HIV-negative obstetric patients who delivered at Duke and with published reports from other regions of the United States and abroad. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was present in 43 (49%) of 87 HIV-positive women compared with 23% of the 100 HIV-negative patients. Two of the HIV-positive patients had invasive cancer. Comparison of these patients with patients from other geographic regions revealed similar odds ratios for the presence of CIN in HIV-positive patients compared with HIV-negative patients. These results suggest a significantly increased risk for cervical dysplasia in HIV-positive women in this southeastern population.
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PMID:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women in a southeastern US population. 930 97

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is common in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The questions are whether the management of CIN in these patients should be different from that of HIV-negative women, whether there are any prognostic factors to indicate the course of CIN, and whether the latter is influenced by antiretroviral therapy. A total of 267 HIV-seropositive women were counseled and examined in our colposcopic clinic. Of that number, 53 patients died during the observation period; 74% of these patients were immunosuppressed (CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3), and 45% were given diagnoses of CIN. The incidence of CIN was significantly higher in patients with CD4 less than 200 cells/mm3. Neither the route of HIV infection nor the HPV status nor smoking habits correlated with CIN. CIN relapse was histologically confirmed in 28% of patients who underwent complete surgical removal. Immune status plays an important role in HIV-positive women not only with respect to survival but with respect to CIN.
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PMID:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. 1091 40

The hypothesis tested was that there is an association between the presence of proliferating (MiB-1-positive) cervical cells and clinical outcome of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Female partners (attending the Gynecology Outpatients Clinic of the University Hospital of Rio Grande, Brazil) of known HIV-positive (HIV+) men were used for this pilot study. Among these women, 25 were also HIV+. Papanicolaou smears of these 25 HIV+ women and of 44 HIV- women were graded as negative, CIN I, CIN II, or CIN III, using neural network screening. MiB-1 grading and HPV identification were also performed. The immune status of patients was determined using the current Centers for Disease Control classification. In agreement with the scientific literature, in these Brazilian women both CIN and HPV were associated with HIV. In the HIV+ women, the immune status tends to correlate with MiB-1 grading. Also, in the one case in whom progression from CIN I to invasive cervical carcinoma was observed, the smear contained many MiB-1-positive cells. Staining cervical smears of HIV+ women is a simple procedure to get an indication of clinical outcome of the patient.
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PMID:Presence of proliferating (MiB-1-positive) cells in cervical smears of women infected with HIV is associated with clinical outcome: a study of Brazilian women. 1139 16

The true value of colposcopy in pregnancy is under debate; the examination may be more difficult depending on the gestation at which a woman presents. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia does not have an accelerated progression during pregnancy, and treatment is usually deferred until postpartum. The prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is greater in women with immune compromise. Those with human immunodeficiency have a higher prevalence, more persistence and less regression of human papillomavirus-related infections. Cervical cancer remains an AIDS-defining illness. Women who have had renal transplants also have a higher risk of developing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. By contrast, other chronic illnesses that require immunosuppressant therapy do not seem to show this added risk. In young women, human papillomavirus infection is common and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is also evident, but regression of these lesions is frequent and so conservative review may be appropriate. At the menopause, colposcopy is often unsatisfactory. The use of human papillomavirus testing for triage of low-grade cytological abnormalities may benefit this age group.
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PMID:Colposcopy in special circumstances: Pregnancy, immunocompromise, including HIV and transplants, adolescence and menopause. 2184 74


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