Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

7 patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency were given an S-sulfonated IgG preparation, 100 mg/kg i.v. at intervals of 3--4 weeks, for treatment of, or prophylaxis against, infection. The clinical effects and metabolism of S-sulfonated IgG were studied. No side reactions attributable to S-sulfonated IgG occurred in any of the patients. The S-sulfonated IgG was completely transformed into intact IgG within 24 h after administration, and had a mean half-life of 21 days, comparable to that of intact IgG. Complete restoration of IgG Fc fragment activity occurred within 24 h following injection, as assessed by reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis.
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PMID:Clinical effect and metabolism of S-sulfonated immunoglobulin in 7 patients with congenital humoral immunodeficiency. 57 34

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:The intestine in allergic diseases. 78 84

Adverse effects are common in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who receive trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Two patients experienced a rare anaphylactoid syndrome. Within hours of receiving a double-strength TMP-SMX tablet, a 28-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man developed fever, hypotension, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy was begun but discontinued 2 days later when signs and symptoms resolved and specimens for Pneumocystis carinii were negative. A 38-year-old man developed rash, fever, hypotension, hyperbilirubinemia, renal dysfunction, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates after taking two doses of oral TMP-SMX. Several antimicrobial agents, including parenteral pentamidine, were administered despite lack of evidence for P. carinii or other infection. four case reports of similar reactions in patients with AIDS have been published. Notable differences exist between the syndrome described and anaphylaxis. The TMP-SMX anaphylactoid reactions in patients with AIDS mimic sepsis or opportunistic infection, thus making diagnosis difficult.
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PMID:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole anaphylactoid reactions in patients with AIDS: case reports and literature review. 228 64

Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins range from mild urticaria to fatal anaphylaxis and may occur with virtually any blood product. The most common clinical settings appear to be whole blood transfusion in subjects with no previous history of reactions, or the infusion of fresh frozen plasma or injection of human immune serum globulin (HISG) to patients with known immunodeficiency. The immunological processes involved and the management of reactions are discussed.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins. 696 70

A 30-year-old bisexual man who was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and had a history of anaphylaxis to penicillin developed lues maligna, or ulceronodular secondary syphilis. Therapy with parenteral erythromycin failed, and he was subsequently treated with ceftriaxone following penicillin desensitization. A review of the English-language literature identified 14 cases of lues maligna reported between the early 1900s and 1988. From 1989 to 1994, an additional 12 cases (including the current case) were reported. Of those 12 cases, 11 occurred in patients who either were infected with HIV or were at high risk for HIV infection. Patients infected with HIV may be at increased risk of developing this severe form of secondary syphilis. Lues maligna should be considered in the differential diagnosis of HIV-infected patients who present with ulceronodular lesions.
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PMID:Lues maligna, or ulceronodular syphilis, in a man infected with human immunodeficiency virus: case report and review. 774 45

The range of diseases in which intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is effective has expanded significantly since its initial use in primary antibody deficiency. There are at present at least 17 preparations of IVIG in use worldwide with similar profiles of adverse effects. Infusion-related effects range in severity. Mild adverse reactions (headache, flushing, low backache, nausea, wheezing) are often associated with a fast infusion rate, and respond rapidly on slowing the infusion. Very rare episodes of life-threatening anaphylaxis may occur, particularly in those IgA-deficient patients with anti-IgA antibodies; such patients should receive an IgA-depleted preparation of IVIG. There are concerns with any blood product about safety in regard to viral transmission. The 4 outbreaks of non-A non-B hepatitis (probably hepatitis C) in the 1980s were associated with the use of particular batches of IVIG. The more recent exclusion of all anti-hepatitis C virus positive individuals from the donor pool, and the introduction of specific antiviral steps in the manufacture of IVIGs, should prevent further outbreaks. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is effectively inactivated during the manufacturing process itself and HIV transmission has not been reported with IVIG. Rarely, haematological (Coombs' test positive haemolysis), neurological (aseptic meningitis) or renal (transient rises in serum creatinine) adverse effects may be seen when high doses of IVIG are used for immunomodulatory purposes. Haemolysis, due to passive transmission of blood group antibodies (anti-A, anti-D), may be prevented by selecting IVIG batches that give a negative cross-match between the recipient's red cells and IVIG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adverse effects of intravenous immunoglobulin. 826 Jan 19

An unusual acute hypotensive syndrome has been observed in association with administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) to patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In the 11 cases that have been reported, the syndrome differs from classic anaphylaxis and resembles septic shock. Mediation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been hypothesized, but the mechanism has not been characterized with cytokine assays, and no invasive hemodynamic measurements have been reported. We describe a case of recurrent hyperdynamic shock--without classic features of anaphylaxis, without detectable IgE antibodies against TMP or SMZ, and without detectable levels of TNF--involving an HIV-infected patient rechallenged with TMP-SMZ.
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PMID:A case of hyperdynamic shock caused by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in which no tumor necrosis factor or features of anaphylaxis were detected. 828 31

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is administered prophylactically to reduce the development of secondary infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children whose helper-inducer T-cell (CD4) lymphocyte count is greater than 200 cells/mm3. By progressively crippling the body's immune system, HIV allows opportunistic infections, which account for approximately 90% of AIDS-related deaths, to develop. In a recently published controlled study conducted by the National Institute for Child Health and Development (N Eng J Med 1991:325:73-80), children who received monthly infusions of IVIG experienced significantly more time free of infection. Home administration of IVIG is safe, convenient, and cost-effective. The first dose of IVIG, however, is administered in a hospital or clinic under physician supervision. Mild side effects occur in approximately 3% to 5% of patients; at least 90% of these effects are related to the infusion rate. In this article, a suggested protocol for home administration including commonly reported side effects and precautionary measures of anaphylaxis is presented.
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PMID:Home infusion of intravenous immune globulin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. 851 40

This report provides updated information concerning the potential adverse events associated with vaccination for hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. This information incorporates findings from a series of recent literature reviews, conducted by an expert committee at the Institute of Medicine (IOM), of all evidence regarding the possible adverse consequences of vaccines administered to children. This report contains modifications to the previously published recommendations of the Advisory committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and is based on an ACIP review of the IOM findings and new research on vaccine safety. In addition, this report incorporates information contained in the "Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: Use of Vaccines and Immune Globulins in Persons with Altered Immunocompetence" (MMWR 1993;42[No. 44-4]) and the "General Recommendations on Immunization: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" (MMWR 1994;43[No. RR-1]). Major changes to the previous recommendations are highlighted within the text, and specific information concerning the following vaccines and the possible adverse events associated with their administration are included: hepatitis B vaccine and anaphylaxis, measles vaccine and a) thrombocytopenia and b) possible risk for death resulting from anaphylaxis or disseminated disease in immunocompromised persons; diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine (DTP) and chronic encephalopathy; and tetanus-toxoid-containing vaccines and a) Guillain-Barre syndrome, b) brachial neuritis, and c) possible risk for death resulting from anaphylaxis. These modifications will be incorporated into more comprehensive ACIP recommendations for each vaccine when such statements are revised. Also included in this report are interim recommendations concerning the use of measles and mumps vaccines in a) persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus and b) persons who are allergic to eggs; ACIP is still evaluating these recommendations.
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PMID:Update: vaccine side effects, adverse reactions, contraindications, and precautions. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 880 42

Mosquito bite exposure results in a variety of reactions and secondary complications. Clinical hypersensitivity manifests primarily as local reactions with anaphylaxis being a very rare event. Risk factors for more severe local reactions include immunodeficiency, young children and visitors to an area with new exposure to indigenous mosquitoes. Necrotic skin reactions to mosquito bites have been associated with a newly recognized hemophagocytic syndrome in predominantly oriental populations. Diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the clinical management of mosquito hypersensitivity remain limited, but recent discovery of 3 recombinant proteins (rAed a 1, rAed a 2, rAed a 3) shared by several mosquito species promise to be more specific skin test antigens for the future.
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PMID:Mosquito bite pathogenesis in necrotic skin reactors. 1196 11


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