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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 778 gay and bisexual men (none with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), 27% (n = 212) reported suicidal ideation over the previous 6 months. Covariance structure models were used to explore predictors of suicide intent among (n = 112) suicide ideators with (n = 100) and without (n = 112) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Current AIDS-related stressors (deaths and illnesses and perceived AIDS risk) and past levels of adaptive functioning (social isolation and depression) were significantly more powerful predictors of suicide intent among HIV-positive than among HIV-negative ideators. Biological AIDS risk predicted neither suicide intent, current distress, nor perceived AIDS risk. Pathways to suicide intent appear to be psychologically, rather than biologically, mediated. Among HIV-positive ideators, AIDS-related death and illness events predicted suicide intent but not current distress symptoms. Some suicidal ideation in response to AIDS-related events may be an effort to cope rather than a manifestation of psychological distress.
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PMID:Factor influencing suicide intent in gay and bisexual suicide ideators: differing models for men with and without human immunodeficiency virus. 175 32

The development of tests to identify the antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has made it possible to diagnose infection with the virus prior to the development of physical symptoms. The introduction of these tests raises questions regarding the effects of informing individuals of their antibody status. These issues include the emotional impact of telling individuals that they have been infected with a fatal virus and the usefulness of antibody testing in promoting behaviors that would reduce the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Research that has examined changes in psychological distress and in behaviors associated with HIV infection among individuals who have undergone antibody testing is reviewed. Methodological issues encountered in studying behavioral and psychological responses to antibody testing are identified, and directions for future research are offered.
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PMID:Behavioral and psychological responses to HIV antibody testing. 218 Oct 2

This report describes progress made to date on a study of the impact of the AIDS epidemic on the gay community of New York City. Using a model of the life stress process described by Barbara Dohrenwend and her colleagues, the AIDS epidemic was conceptualized as a community stressor resulting in two key stress-inducing events: death of loved ones due to AIDS and potential illness and death of oneself due to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It was hypothesized that these stressors would be significantly related to three domains of health outcomes: sexual behavior, drug and alcohol use, and psychological distress. Descriptive trends over time are provided for both the health outcome variables and the stressor variables. Cross-sectional analyses for 3 years of data provide evidence in support of the main hypothesis. The implications of these findings are discussed from the standpoints of methodology, public health, and the psychology of stress processes in community settings.
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PMID:Barbara Snell Dohrenwend memorial lecture. The impact of AIDS on a gay community: changes in sexual behavior, substance use, and mental health. 280 26

Fifty-seven ambulatory, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients at various stages of disease progression and 17 HIV seronegative controls were examined in a cross-sectional study with self-administered measures of emotional distress, coping, and adjustment to illness. All infected and control subjects were homosexual or bisexual and free of acute medical illness. The findings indicated that both uninfected and infected subjects had enhanced emotional distress in a variety of domains. However, while somatic and cognitive-ruminative complaints were greater in symptomatic subjects relative to controls, depression and anxiety were not. Professed coping strategies were heterogeneous and not particularly related to HIV diagnostic status, with the exception of planful problem solving which was decreased for acquired immune deficiency syndrome subjects. Disruption in several aspects of daily life adjustment was markedly increased in symptomatic subjects. The findings suggest that both HIV seropositive status and perceived risk for infection produce a sustained level of generalized psychological distress. Even in the absence of current medical illness, patients with advanced disease progression are concerned primarily with anticipated medical implications and cognitive effectiveness.
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PMID:Emotional distress, coping, and adjustment in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 774 82

The course of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) varies widely among individuals. It is hypothesized that some of the variation is due to psychosocial factors, including stressful life events, psychological distress, ways of coping with HIV infection, and the quality of the social network. This article reviews studies investigating the associations between these psychosocial factors and disease progression, and testing the effects of psychosocial interventions on immunological parameters in HIV-infected homosexual men. It is concluded that only a few studies have been done, which have yielded contradictory results so far. The inconsistencies may be partly due to the lack of a theoretical rationale interrelating the broad set of psychosocial and psychiatric measures assessed and driving the statistical hypotheses. As a theoretical model, the 'stress-coping-social support model' is proposed. Identifying psychosocial risk factors for progression can help in further developing psychosocial interventions that may slow down disease progression and enhance the effects of medical treatments.
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PMID:Psychosocial correlates and the effects of behavioral interventions on the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection in homosexual men. 775 17

The knowledge of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) brings about psychological distress and social problems including anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Participating in psychosocial intervention programs can help to reduce these problems. To date, however, very little is known about the efficacy of different intervention strategies. We implemented a study with a randomized experimental design to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group psychotherapy (CBT) and an experiential group psychotherapy (ET) program for 39 asymptomatic HIV-infected homosexual men. Both therapies consisted of 17 sessions over a 15-week period. The major finding of this study was that psychosocial intervention, independent of the therapeutic orientation, decreased distress significantly, as compared with a waiting-list control group (WCG). There were no significant changes in the intervention groups as compared with the WCG in coping styles, social support, and emotional expression. Finally, CBT and ET did not differ in their effects on psychological distress or on the other psychosocial variables measured in this study.
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PMID:Cognitive-behavioral and experiential group psychotherapy for HIV-infected homosexual men: a comparative study. 780 42

Psychopathology and emotional changes were examined over a 9-month period in this study of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in seronegative and seropositive intravenous drug users. The HIV-1-seropositive group showed more psychological difficulties and emotional distress at both testings. For the HIV-1-seronegative subjects, a trend for less psychopathology and psychological distress was found. At the second testing, the difference between groups was increased due to improvement of the HIV-1-seronegative group. A more chronic course of psychological distress was found in the HIV-1-seropositive group.
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PMID:Psychological difficulties related to human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in intravenous drug users. 797 45

This article describes the psychological distress experienced by family members living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Survey data were collected from 133 individuals, (47 parents, 53 siblings, 33 adult family members who have HIV/AIDS) representing 80 families. In-depth interview and observational data were collected from a subset of the sample. The physical and psychological health of individual family members was assessed by the 53-item Brief Symptom Inventory. Parents, siblings, and people living with AIDS (PWAs) reported higher levels of overall distress and scored higher on symptom dimensions and clinically discrete symptoms than normative comparison groups. Implications of these findings for research, clinical practice, and health and social service policy are identified and discussed.
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PMID:Psychological distress in family members living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 820 45

In this study we examined the influence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related bereavement on psychological distress from 1985 through 1991. We predicted that this relation would be influenced by personal knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and symptoms consistent with HIV-related illness. Interview data collected each year on a cohort of 746 gay men included information on the deaths and illnesses of network members caused by AIDS, as well as on psychological distress, sedative use, HIV-related symptoms, and HIV infection status. Significant main effects of bereavement were found in each year after controlling for both losses occurring from 1 to 2 years previously and for AIDS and HIV health status. The intensity and duration of these bereavement effects diminished over time. Groups of men who were both bereaved and classified as having AIDS or were HIV positive reported the highest level of distress in every year compared with the 3 other groups.
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PMID:Effects of AIDS-related bereavement and HIV-related illness on psychological distress among gay men: a 7-year longitudinal study, 1985-1991. 845 Jan 13

In an attempt to assess the influence of standardized diagnostic interviews on psychological distress in research volunteers, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure anxiety and depression during the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, Non-patient version (SCID). Subjects were 50 adults with concerns related to the human immunodeficiency virus who were seeking testing and treatment in research trials. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant decreases in distress by the end of the interview: 72% of subjects reported diminished anxiety, and 54% reported diminished depression. Thus, the SCID appeared to provide a positive interview experience, a finding that may serve to reassure subjects, their families, and review boards regarding participation in studies that employ structured interviews.
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PMID:Distress reduction during the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R. 893 30


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