Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neuropathological findings from 39 acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) autopsies of primarily neurologically symptomatic patients and 7 brain biopsies from AIDS patients performed at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia are reported. Autopsy findings included human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-type multinucleated giant cell (MNGC)-associated encephalitis seen in 17 patients, toxoplasmosis in 7 patients, and cytomegalovirus encephalitis and/or microglial nodule-associated nuclear inclusions in brain parenchyma in 9 patients. Central nervous system lymphoma was identified in 11 autopsy patients and in 4 of 7 brain biopsies. Infectious processes including HIV encephalitis were seen in 10 of 11 autopsied patients with lymphoproliferative lesions in the brain parenchyma, while 40% of patients without lymphoma had HIV-type MNGC or opportunistic infections. CNS lymphoma was not significantly increased in incidence in patients with a clinical history of zidovudine treatment, but increased duration of survival after the diagnosis of AIDS was associated with increased incidence of lymphoma in both untreated and zidovudine-treated patients. Patients displaying HIV MNGC within microglial nodules had a shorter mean duration of survival after diagnosis of AIDS than those patients with HIV encephalitis with dispersed MNGC, white matter vacuolation, and gliosis.
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PMID:Neuropathology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): report of 39 autopsies from Vancouver, British Columbia. 133 Feb 61

Central nervous system disease has emerged as an important manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in both the adult and pediatric populations, with neurologic abnormalities occurring in up to 90% of pediatric patients in some series. Neuropathologic studies, based primarily on the autopsy, have provided valuable insights into the spectrum and pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurologic disorders, including primary human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy and as the spectrum of infectious, neoplastic, and cerebrovascular diseases that may complicate the course of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Progressive encephalopathy represents the single most common neurologic disorder in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and appears to be caused in most cases by direct infection in brain parenchyma by human immunodeficiency virus. Central nervous system lymphoma and cerebrovascular disease continue to account for most focal central nervous system lesions in the pediatric population. In contrast to adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, opportunistic central nervous system infections remain relatively uncommon in the pediatric population. Our understanding of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated neurologic disease remains far from complete. A plea is made for regular postmortem examination of the central nervous system in all patients dying with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:The neuropathology of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 146 39

Within a system that operatively allows a progressive infection of T-lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a manner that also entails depletion of the T-helper subset with directly resulting severe immunodeficiency, there might also be implicated a form of modulation of effects conducive to neoplastic transformation based on peculiar consequences of lesions induced by HIV integration within the cell genome. It might, in addition, be valid to consider Epstein Barr virus (EBV) as a cause of both B-lymphocyte infection and also of the creation of a whole population of atypical T-lymphocytes as seen in infectious mononucleosis, to constitute a close parallel analogy to HIV; in this manner it might be suggestive also of a series of analogous reactive lymphocytic changes also in AIDS; such a phenomenon might perhaps help account for the emergence in some AIDS patients of a primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma that is virtually always of B-cell derivation, analogous to Burkitt's lymphoma that is also of B-cell origin. In addition, the occurrence of T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma would appear perhaps to constitute a series of phenomena that intricately implicate both B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte participation in the genesis even of lymphomatous states as a category.
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PMID:Possible close analogy between HIV and EBV infection and, respectively, induced lymphomas. 1269 17

Primary Central nervous system lymphoma is a rare non-Hodgkin's tumor of the brain that has been traditionally found in patients with immunodeficiency syndromes. However, there are several immunocompetent patients that have also been reported with this neoplasm. In this group of patients, the mean age of diagnosis is around 60-year old, with a very slight predominance in women. Macroscopically, most of the tumors are unique and mainly located in the supratentorial region in the proximity of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation. The typical histological pattern is a perivascular distribution of tumor cells, within a network of reticulin fibers. Even though they are usually well defined masses, it is not rare to find tumor invasion beyond the macroscopic margin. Coagulative necrosis is not as common as in immunodeficiency-related cases. Immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that most of the tumor cells are B-lymphocytes and the electron microscopic findings do not differ from those reported in systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. There are several histological classifications of these tumors, some of them with recent modifications to facilitate the analysis, but unfortunately, up now with a little or no clinical significance. The diagnosis is based on the histological study of the specimen obtained mainly through a Stereotactic biopsy. The treatment is based on a combination of chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, but the mortality rate is still high.
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PMID:Primary central nervous system lymphomas in immunocompetent patients. 1516 58