Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The development of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in three patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is described. Two of the patients had onset of severe generalized cystic acne concomitant with their development of PRP. PRP and acne conglobata should be added to the group of cutaneous disorders that can present in a more virulent manner in the setting of HIV infection. The association of cystic acne with PRP and their response to treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Pityriasis rubra pilaris in the setting of HIV infection: clinical behaviour and association with explosive cystic acne. 153 16

Cutaneous reactions, including acne, pruritus, urticaria, and nail dyschromia, have been associated with zidovudine use. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis is characterized by distinctive patterns of dermal perivascular inflammation without visceral involvement. We treated two cases of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with fever in patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus-related immunodeficiency in which symptoms resolved on withdrawal of zidovudine therapy and recurred after rechallenge with the drug. This unusual hypersensitivity reaction to zidovudine is probably related to the immune dysregulation and the propensity toward allergic phenomena found in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Zidovudine-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 155 46

Severe forms of acne, characterized by predominance of inflammatory reactions and persistence of the disease for years, still present therapeutic problems. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of the immune system in severe persisting forms of acne by means of determination of cellular and humoral immunobiological parameters. The study was performed on 52 patients (47 males and 5 females) having suffered from severe acne for six years on an average, including papulopustular acne grade IV resistant to therapy, nodulocystic acne, conglobate acne, and acne tetrade. The results were compared with those of 52 healthy controls of the same age showing no inflammatory diseases, who were tested on the same day. In 56% of the acne patients, one or more parameters showed pathological values, while in nodulocystic and conglobate acne there were similar results with regard to cellular defects and acute phase reactants. The lymphocytic proliferation induced by mitogens was significantly decreased in 35% of the acne patients. We assume that the immunodeficiency observed in these patients may be mainly secondary; however, it may contribute to the perpetuance of the disease and its resistance to therapy.
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PMID:[Parameters of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with severe acne]. 243 50

Although Thailand's National Family Planning Program introduced Norplant contraceptive implants in 1986, few women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) select this method, and its efficacy, clinical effects, and side effects in this population have not been investigated. To address these issues, a prospective cohort study was conducted during 1993-96 of 41 asymptomatic HIV-infected women who presented to the Family Planning Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, and voluntarily accepted Norplant implants. All implants were inserted within 4 weeks after delivery or abortion. 63.4% of acceptors had not used any contraceptive method prior to pregnancy. At 6 and 12 months after insertion, 26% and 23%, respectively, reported irregular menstrual periods and 24.4% and 36.6%, respectively, reported amenorrhea. Side effects, reported by 3-10% of women, included headache, acne/chloasma, anorexia, and nausea. There were no significant changes in body weight, blood pressure, and hemoglobin between insertion and the 12-month follow-up. No pregnancies occurred during the study period. These findings suggest that Norplant implants are an effective, appropriate contraceptive method for HIV-infected women who want to avoid pregnancy but are not interested in sterilization.
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PMID:Use of Norplant implants in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women. 917 51

A 22-year-old black man developed fever, chills, fatigue, night sweats, tender lymphadenopathy, and a generalized, pruritic, macular eruption 3 weeks after starting minocycline therapy for acne. His illness was also characterized by a palpable spleen tip, marked lower extremity and scrotal edema, and generalized lymphadenopathy. The patient had leukocytosis with a large percentage of atypical lymphocytes on peripheral smear and liver dysfunction. Titers for Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B, toxoplasmosis; and cytomegalovirus were all negative. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load and antibodies were also negative. Marked improvement was noted after the discontinuation of minocycline and the use of systemic corticosteroids. With the negative viral serologies, the clinical picture was most consistent with an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome produced by the minocycline ingestion.
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PMID:An infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome induced by minocycline: a third pattern of adverse drug reaction. 1046 99

The differential diagnosis for pustular skin disorders is extensive. The distribution of the lesions and the age of the patient are characteristics that may provide strong clues to the etiology of cutaneous pustular eruptions. In adults, generalized pustular dermatoses include pustular psoriasis, Reiter's disease and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Medications can cause generalized pustular eruptions, such as in the case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; or more localized reactions, such as acneiform drug eruptions, which usually involve the face, chest and back. Localized pustular eruptions are seen on the hands and feet in adults with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris and acrodermatitis continua (both of which may be variants of psoriasis); on the face in patients with acne vulgaris, rosacea, and perioral dermatitis; and on the trunk and/or extremities in patients with folliculitis. A separate condition known as eosinophilic folliculitis occurs in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency disease. Severely pruritic, sterile, eosinophilic pustules are found on the chest, proximal extremities, head and neck. Elevated serum immunoglobulin E and eosinophilia are often concurrently found. In neonates, it is especially important to make the correct diagnosis with respect to pustular skin disorders, since pustules can be a manifestation of sepsis or other serious infectious diseases. Generalized pustular eruptions in neonates include erythema toxicum neonatorum and transient neonatal pustular melanosis, both of which are non-infectious. Pustules are seen in infants with congenital cutaneous candidiasis, which may or may not involve disseminated disease. Ofuji's syndrome is an uncommon generalized pustular dermatosis of infancy with associated eosinophilia. As in adults, neonates and infants may develop acne or scabies infestations. In this article, we review the most common pustular dermatoses and offer a systematic approach to making a diagnosis. We also report the most up-to-date information on the treatment of these various cutaneous pustular conditions.
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PMID:Pustular skin disorders: diagnosis and treatment. 1211 48

Testosterone therapy for postmenopausal women and women with surgical menopause, albeit controversial, is becoming more widespread. However, only limited data are available to support its use in premenopausal women. Androgens have important biological roles in young women, influencing bone and muscle mass, mood and well-being, and libido. Pathophysiological states affecting ovarian and adrenal function or both may result in androgen deficiency in premenopausal women. Young women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, premature ovarian failure, oophorectomy, premenstrual syndrome, acquired immunodeficiency wasting syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and hypopituitarism may have testosterone deficiency. Young women with loss of libido may also have testosterone deficiency. Medications that may lead to testosterone insufficiency include oral estrogen, oral contraceptives, and corticosteroids. Testosterone deficiency in young women may be underdiagnosed because the symptoms generally are nonspecific and the measurement of total and free testosterone is inaccurate with commonly used techniques. Only a few studies investigating the effects of testosterone therapy have been performed thus far in premenopausal women. Long-term trials evaluating safety and effectiveness of testosterone therapy in premenopausal women are lacking. Common adverse effects include hirsutism and acne, which reverse with discontinuation of treatment. The availability of testosterone regimens specifically designed for women is expected to help maintain testosterone levels within the normal range and clarify whether the apparent beneficial effects of testosterone therapy are physiological or pharmacological.
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PMID:Testosterone therapy in premenopausal women. 1663 84

The autoinflammatory syndromes are a newly recognized group of immune disorders that lack the high titers of self-reactive antibodies and T cells characteristic of classic autoimmune disease. Nevertheless, patients with these illnesses experience unprovoked inflammatory disease in the absence of underlying infection. Here we discuss recent advances in eight Mendelian autoinflammatory diseases. The causative genes and the proteins they encode play a critical role in the regulation of innate immunity. Both pyrin and cryopyrin, the proteins mutated in familial Mediterranean fever and the cryopyrinopathies, respectively, are involved in regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1beta, and may influence the activity of the transcription factor, NFkappaB. NOD2, the Blau syndrome protein, shares certain domains with cryopyrin and appears to be a sensor of intracellular bacteria. PSTPIP1, mutated in the syndrome of pyogenic arthritis with pyoderma gangrenosum and acne, interacts both with pyrin and a protein tyrosine phosphatase to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Somewhat unexpectedly, mutations in the p55 TNF receptor lead not to immunodeficiency but to dramatic inflammatory disease, the mechanisms of which are still under investigation. Finally, the discovery of the genetic basis of the hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome has provided a fascinating but incompletely understood link between cholesterol biosynthesis and autoinflammation. In this manuscript, we summarize the current state of the art with regard to the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of these inborn errors of the innate immune system.
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PMID:The systemic autoinflammatory diseases: inborn errors of the innate immune system. 1672 4

Radiesse (Bioform Inc, USA) is a sterile, latex-free, non-pyrogenic, semi-solid, cohesive subdermal, injectable implant, whose principal component is synthetic calcium hydroxylapatite, a biocompatible material with over 20 years of use in medicine. The semi-solid nature of the product is created by suspending calcium hydroxylapatite microspheres of 25-45 microns diameter in a gel carrier of carboxymethylcellulose. The product has FDA approval for esthetic facial augmentation in the US. Such approval includes the long-lasting correction of moderate to severe facial wrinkles and folds and the treatment of facial fat loss due to immunodeficiency virus infection. Diverse facial regions can be injected in order to ameliorate or enhance some features: glabellar lines, subdermal support of the brows, malar and buccal fat pads, tear troughs, nasolabial folds, nose, lips, perioral region, marionette lines, oral commisures and chin among others, as well as saucerized acne scars. Other medical indications include nipple projection for nipple areolar reconstruction, urinary incontinence, vesicoureteral reflux, vocal cord augmentation, and use as a radiographic tissue marker. The average lasting result is from 12 to 18 months. Radiesse can be considered an effective soft-tissue filler for overall longevity, biocompatibility, and low rate of side effects.
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PMID:Use of calcium hydroxylapatite (Radiesse) for facial augmentation. 1848 86

The aim of this work is to study the indexes of immune status and level of endogenous intoxication in patients with acne disease, which have got medicinal and complex treatment with using ozone-oxygen mixture (OOM). After complex course of treatment positive changes have happened in regulatory systems - in indexes of cellular and humoral immunity. The treatment with using OOM enabled earlier normalization of absolute and percentage content of T-lymphocytes, removed immunodeficiency of suppressor and helper population of T-lymphocytes, decreased circulating immune complexes, amount of B-lymphocytes. The latter was accompanied by normalization or increase of the level of the separate classes of immunoglobulines. Using OOM resulted in normalization of nonspecific immunity indexes, its bactericide activity. Under the influence of complex treatment of acne disease, statistically important increase of active neutrophiles amount have been observed in comparison with data before treatment and decrease of spontaneous and stimulated indexes of nitroblue-tetrozolit test.
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PMID:[Comparative estimation of medicinal and complex therapy influence on immunological indexes in the patients with acne disease]. 1899 61


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