Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and malignant tumours are reported. The first patient developed myelogenous leukaemia soon after the myelodysplastic syndrome has been diagnosed. The undifferentiated gastric lymphoma found in the second patient suggests that an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies in CVID could partly be due to lymphomas. We hypothesize that the tissue- or site-specific risk of lymphomas and gastrointestinal cancer can be explained by an increased chromosomal or genomic instability with a higher mutation rate and genomic disorganization, and that this instability could be related to viral carcinogenesis. The primary immunodeficiency per se may not be responsible for the cancer susceptibility in CVID patients.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency and malignancy: a report of two cases and possible explanation for the association. 237 21

For many years data of cancer research indicated that viruses can cause cancer. Virus infections induce cancer by different mechanisms. To predict the significance of a viral DNA fragment in human cells we have to be aware of the changes the particular virus is able to induce there.However, no matter which mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis are utilized, generally other factors (environmental, chemical, immunodeficiency, etc.) are also needed to induce invasive cancer in human. Before the introduction of nucleic acid based detection technique virus identification was a long and cumbersome process. This has been eliminated by the invention of recombinant gene technology and polymerase chain reaction. Virus nucleic acid can be detected without amplification using Southern, Northern and in situ hybridization. Techniques for target (polymerase chain reaction)or signal (hybrid capture, tyramine) amplification improved the sensitivity of detection. In the meantime, for the successful use of the arsenal of new methods we have to consider the characteristic feature of molecular virus research. A major achievement of molecular virus detection is that it proved the pathological significance of viruses in human cancers even in those where this was not expected. Hopefully these informations will increase the effort for elimination of oncogene virus infections.
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PMID:[The molecular diagnostics of viruses]. 1205 Jun 78

When stringent criteria have been used, the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), the Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been identified with sufficient evidence to be causative agents of non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. Initially, single viral infection was considered fully responsible for the oncogenic properties of each virus, while it is now established that in many cases, multiple viral agents collaborate as cofactors in inducing lymphomas, especially in the presence of HIV-dependent immunodeficiency. Viruses cooperate by using their specific pathogenetic mechanisms in different combinations. The aim of this review is to describe the cooperation between different viruses in the development of lymphomas including the evidences supporting their pathogenetic role. Viral cooperation, a mechanism by which different viruses coinfecting human tissues have synergistic or regulatory effects on carcinogenesis, targets neoplastic B cells as well as cells of the microenvironment, such as reactive T-cells, B cells and macrophages, as well as non-immune cells such as endothelial cells, that contribute to tumor microenvironment. The most important viral genes involved in cooperation include HIV-1 tat and vpu, EBV LMP-1 and EBNA-2 and KSHV KIE2, Rta and LANA. Lymphomagenesis related to viral cooperation represents an interesting topic where microenvironmental abnormalities may be particularly relevant, particularly because antiviral targeted therapies and therapies producing the reconstitution of the immune system may constitute areas of interest aiming at improving the outcome of virus associated lymphomas. While the immune component of the lymphoma microenvironment can be easily studied by immunological and molecular techniques, the definition of the non-immune component of the lymphoma microenvironment is largely incomplete and may be the issue of future investigations. Understanding the pathogenetic role of viral infection in specific malignancies and defining microenvironmental abnormalities and mechanisms of viral carcinogenesis are important steps toward precise diagnosis and accurate treatment strategies for HIV-associated cancers.
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PMID:Microenvironmental abnormalities induced by viral cooperation: Impact on lymphomagenesis. 2583 57