Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of lysis mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gag protein and envelope glycoprotein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected subjects and to compare it with nonspecific envelope glycoprotein-directed cytotoxicity involving CD4 T cells. Most seropositive subjects exhibited antigen-specific cytotoxicity directed at one or both viral antigens in unstimulated or in vitro-stimulated PBMC (or both) mediated by CD8 T cells. In addition, all donors, including seronegative control persons, exhibited nonspecific calcium-independent cytotoxicity involving CD4 T cells and envelope glycoprotein-expressing cells. No calcium-dependent, antigen-specific CD4 T cell-mediated cytolysis was detected. In seropositive subjects, the vigor of nonspecific cytotoxicity was comparable to lysis by antigen-specific CD8 CTL and suggests that it may contribute to lysis of HIV-infected cells in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigen-expressing cells by CD4 and CD8 T cells ex vivo. 865 97

Antibodies reactive with retroviral gag proteins have been detected in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1 antigens in the sera of 44 Turkish patients with SLE. Serum samples were tested by using two different commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits and by Western blotting. EIA studies revealed positive results in 12 patients (27%) for HIV-1 antigens by one of the kits that coated with purified viral antigens. Immunoblot analysis showed antibodies mainly to retroviral gag proteins in 23 patients (52%). The most frequent reactivity was against the p18 gag protein (n = 9). Although antibodies reactive particularly with p24 antigen were described in the previous reports, antibodies to p24 were found in only two patients. These findings might reflect a serologic diversity in different ethnic groups and also suggest the involvement of different triggers in the etiopathogenesis of SLE.
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PMID:Antibodies reactive with HIV-1 antigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. 874 24

Because certain regions of the gag gene, such as p24, are highly conserved among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates, many therapeutic strategies have been directed at gag gene targets. Although intrapatient variation of segments of gag have been determined, little is known about the variability of the full-length gag gene for HIV isolated from a single individual. To evaluate intrapatient full-length gag variability, we derived the nucleotide sequences of at least 10 cDNA gag clones of virion RNA isolated from plasma for each of four asymptomatic HIV type 1-infected patients with relatively high CD4+ T-cell counts (300 to 450 cells per mm3). Mean values of intrapatient gag nucleotide variation obtained by pairwise comparisons ranged from 0.55 to 2.86%. For three subjects, this value was equivalent to that reported for intrapatient full-length env variation. The greatest range of intrapatient mean nucleotide variation for individual protein-coding regions was observed for p7. We did not detect any G-to-A hypermutation, as A-to-G and G-to-A transitions occurred at similar frequencies, accounting for 29 and 25%, respectively, of the changes. Mean variation values and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the extent of nucleotide variation correlated with the length of viral infection. Furthermore, no distinct subpopulations of quasispecies were detectable within an individual. The predicted amino acid sequences indicated that there were no regions within a gag protein that were comprised of clustered changes.
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PMID:Intrapatient sequence variation of the gag gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 plasma virions. 897 Oct 17

Antibodies reacting with the gag protein p17 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can occasionally be found in the serum of non-HIV-1-infected individuals. Conversely, anti-p17 antibodies can also react with human tissues from non-infected individuals. Here we report on the isolation from human liver of a molecule that is immunoreactive with anti-p17 antibodies. This molecule was purified to homogeneity and identified as superoxide dismutase-2 (manganese type SOD). Both human SOD-2 and HIV-1 p17 contain the LQPALK hexapeptide which may serve as a common antigenic determinant. This study indicates that human SOD-2 is a target for anti-p17 antibodies and suggests that HIV-1-negative individuals may possess SOD-2 auto-antibodies that cross-react with HIV-1 p17.
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PMID:Antibodies to the HIV-1 p17 protein cross-react with human superoxide dismutase-2. 902 42

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) infection on immune functions and possible interactions between BIV and other bovine viruses in calves. Ten calves were inoculated intravenously with BIV, and five served as controls. An increased lymphocyte proliferation to BIV gag protein was demonstrated 2 to 6 weeks after BIV inoculation (P < 0.05). Lymphocyte subset differentiation revealed a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio (P < 0.05) during weeks 2 to 7, suggesting a possible immune dysfunction in BIV-infected calves. When the calves were inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), the antibody response to BHV-1 in BIV-infected calves was delayed and the antibody titers were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Injection of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine also elicited a lower neutralizing antibody response in BIV-infected calves. The results indicated that immune suppression occurred in BIV-infected calves.
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PMID:Immune suppression in calves with bovine immunodeficiency virus. 906 63

Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of the p24 gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is currently the most common method used to demonstrate virus replication both in vivo and in vitro. The present paper describes an ELISA employing readily available inexpensive reagents and gives detailed suggestions for optimizing the variables for specific purposes. The assay is as sensitive as commercial kits (25 pg/ml) and has a linear dose response over a wide range of p24 concentrations (25-1000 pg/ml). For these reasons, as well as its low cost, this assay has proven useful in a variety of research applications. This assay also has been found to be effective in detecting the gag protein of human immunodeficiency virus type-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:p24 antigen capture assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus using readily available inexpensive reagents. 924 8

The role of the N-myristoylation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag protein in ACH-2 cells was studied. The infectivity of HIV-1 from the cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was suppressed by pretreatment with N-myristoyl glycinal diethylacetal (N-Myr-GOA), a potent N-myristoylation inhibitor, and the blockage of myristoylation resulted in accumulation of immature gag precursors. The viral particles which budded from the non-N-Myr-GOA-treated ACH-2 cells stimulated with PMA exhibited a typical viral phenotype, whereas those which budded from the N-Myr-GOA-treated ACH-2 cells stimulated with PMA were twisted, as observed electron microscopically. In electron microscopic analyses with gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies to gag and env, gag and env were detected adjacent to each other in the PMA-stimulated ACH-2, but no env was detected in the cells treated with N-Myr-GOA. Taken together, the results suggest that the myristoylation of HIV-1 gag seems to be responsible for both maturation of gag and acquisition of HIV-1 infectivity.
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PMID:Blockage of N-myristoylation of HIV-1 gag induces the production of impotent progeny virus. 929 93

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsies from 351 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with presumed Pneumocystis pneumonia were analyzed to determine the spectrum and frequency of interstitial lung disease mimicking Pneumocystis pneumonia. Among 67 patients without Pneumocystis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP) was the most common histologic diagnosis (n = 16). Tissue sections from patients with NSIP were tested by in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and HIV; sections were also tested with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV env and gag protein DNA. In patients with NSIP, Epstein-Barr virus and CMV could not be detected by in situ hybridization; HIV nucleic acid was amplifiable with PCR in 10 of 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Symptoms, physical findings, and blood gas values were similar in patients with NSIP and matched controls with Pneumocystis. Patients with NSIP presented earlier in the course of HIV, with higher weight, serum albumin levels, and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (492 +/- 828 cells/mm3 versus 57 +/- 60 cells/mm3), and more normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (280 +/- 113 IU/L versus 432 +/- 141 IU/L; means +/- SD). Seven to 10 d later, improvement in blood gas values was of similar magnitude for the two groups. Only one other unequivocal, treatable infection was diagnosed only with transbronchial biopsy. These results indicate that NSIP may be the most common diagnosis mimicking Pneumocystis pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and that NSIP may improve during empiric therapy.
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PMID:Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis mimicking Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 931 13

A western blot assay using purified recombinant bovine immunodeficiency virus gag protein has been developed for detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus antibodies in bovine serum samples. The test was standardized with known bovine immunodeficiency virus positive and negative bovine serum samples and the monoclonal antibody to gag protein. Both naturally and experimentally infected cattle sera demonstrated positive test results. The result of western blot assay was compared with polymerase chain reaction test results in 134 blood samples collected from Kansas. Twenty-six samples tested positive for bovine immunodeficiency virus DNA with polymerase chain reaction (18.7%) and 25 were positive for the antibody to gag protein by western blot analysis (17.9%). Of 26 cattle testing positive using the polymerase chain reaction assay, 24 were antibody-positive by western blot assay, thus establishing a strong correlation between the two tests. The sensitivity and specificity of western blot relative to polymerase chain reaction are 0.92 and 0.99, respectively. The western blot assay proved to be a specific and sensitive test.
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PMID:Detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus antibodies in cattle by western blot assay with recombinant gag protein. 937 21

The complexation between an 18-residue zinc finger peptide of CCHC type (CCHC = Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys, X = variable amino acid) from the gag protein p55 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and various transition metal ions was studied by means of circular dichroism spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). A correlation between the complexation behavior in solution and in MALDI-MS could be established. It was shown that MALDI-MS is a fast method suitable for studying metal binding properties of zinc finger complexes.
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PMID:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra reflect solution-phase zinc finger peptide complexation. 988 82


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