Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We prospectively evaluated the frequency of lymphadenopathy in the right upper abdominal quadrant as detected by sonography in 650 consecutive unselected patients, after excluding patients with a known lymphoma or abdominal carcinoma and patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease. Evidence of enlarged lymph nodes (few in number, with an elongated shape and isoechoic to the liver, 8 to 22 mm in size), found primarily in the gastrohepatic ligament and porta hepatis, was seen on sonographic scans in 106 patients (16.3%). Associated conditions in 69 of 106 patients (65%) were hepatobiliary or pancreatic diseases and, less frequently, other benign entities (12 patients; 11.3%); in 25 cases (23.5%) no significant abdominal or systemic disease was present. Comparison with CT or surgical findings, or both, was available in 36 cases. We conclude that lymphadenopathy in the right upper abdominal quadrant may be found in relation to different non-neoplastic conditions as well as in the absence of any significant intra-abdominal disease. The frequency of this finding on sonographic scans must be recognized to prevent misdiagnosis of lymphoma or metastatic disease as well as to avoid overstaging of local (hepatobiliary, pancreatic, gastric) neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:Abdominal lymphadenopathy in benign diseases: sonographic detection and clinical significance. 873 41

A 20-month-old boy had an 8-week history of vomiting, lethargy, generalized muscle weakness, and seizures. There was no history or clinical signs of an underlying systemic disease or an immunodeficiency. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) had 99 nucleated cells/cu mm, malignant cells, high protein and normal glucose. CT and MRI scans showed diffuse meningeal enhancement around the brain and spinal cord, but no parenchymal involvement. Biopsy of the leptomeninges showed malignant cells with marked nuclear pleomorphism and prominent clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm. The immunohistochemical studies were positive for histiocyte-macrophage markers and were negative with T and B cells, Ki-1, neural and glial cell antibodies. Multiple tests revealed no other site of disease. The patient died 3 months after onset of treatment despite intensive i.v. and intrathecal chemotherapy. We have not found any other reported case of primary histiocytic leptomeningeal lymphoma in a young child.
 ...
PMID:Primary leptomeningeal histiocytic lymphoma in a young child. 888 15

Among the different targets affected by immunodeficiency, skin is at the first line. Infections are the most frequent causes of cutaneous manifestations in immunocompromised subjects. They are primitive or secondary cutaneous infections occurring during disseminated disease. Skin manifestations may reveal the systemic disease. Primary or secondary bacterial, viral, fungic, and parasitic mucocutaneous diseases are often atypical, extensive and frequently follow chronical course. These peculiar presentations makes diagnosis difficult. The knowledge of the clinical pleomorphism of skin infections in immunocompromised subjects is essential. All doubtfull lesions must lead to histological and microbiological study. Diagnosis delay may increase the risk of dissemination resulting in morbidity and mortality.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of mucocutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients]. 894 94

The high incidence of neurologic dysfunction from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has heightened interest in neuropathogenesis of other lentiviruses, including that associated with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Both HIV and FIV efficiently enter the central nervous system and cause primary neurological disease that is not attributable to opportunistic infections or systemic disease. Cells in the brain infected by FIV are similar to those observed in HIV infection, both viruses infect macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. Although substantial neuronal loss can occur in the cortex of HIV- or FIV-infected patients, most studies agree that neurons are not infected and indirect mechanisms of neurotoxicity are postulated. This review describes recent information on the neuropathogenesis of FIV and how this information correlates with what is known about the neuropathogenesis of HIV. Although the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in HIV- and FIV-infected patients is far from clear, it is becoming increasingly evident that the relationship between lentivirus presence in the brain and neurological signs is not straightforward and cannot be explained by simple cytolytic infection. The observed neurologic dysfunction is likely multifactorial and complex involving an intricate web of subcellular pathways and neurotoxic factors interacting with multiple cell types.
 ...
PMID:Cellular mechanisms of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-induced neuropathogenesis. 934 Dec 40

More and more immunocompromised people travel abroad especially in tropical countries where infectious risks are high. Before leaving, these subjects must consult their general practitioner who will determine their fitness in function of type of immunodeficiency, travel destination, availability of medical care at the destination, and possibility of medical evacuation. Counseling should also be provided concerning the precautions necessary to avoid the hazards of exposure to fecal material, venereal disease, insect bites, and sun. Antimalarial drug prophylaxis is the same as for uncompromised subjects. Advising immunocompromised subjects about vaccinations is difficult since there is no consensus on the subject. Administration of inert vaccines is usually recommended but their effectiveness is often diminished and harmful effects have been observed in HIV-infected subjects. Administration of live vaccines is always contraindicated in severely immunocompromised subjects but some live vaccines can be used in moderately immunocompromised subjects. The guidelines for vaccination differ depending on the underlying cause of immunodeficiency: congenital defects, cancer, hemopathy, treatment with immunosuppressors or corticosteroids (transplant patients and patients with systemic disease), HIV-infection, or spleen dysfunction. If there is a high risk of contracting a disease for which vaccination is contraindicated, drug prophylaxis or administration of immunoglobulins can be an alternative. If not, travel should either be postponed or the destination should be changed.
 ...
PMID:[Immunocompromised travelers]. 961 50

The intention of this series of semiannual reviews of systemic diseases is not to develop an annual encyclopedic compendium of every article published in the prior calendar year on each systemic illness but rather to select for each issue a few systemic diseases of import to the neuro-ophthalmologist, and to summarize the literature that has developed over the past few years. For each systemic disease selected, the review will cover new developments in its epidemiology; new reports of its neuro-ophthalmic, ocular, and neurologic manifestations; unique clinical presentations; radiologic and laboratory diagnostic tools; and new therapies available to the neuro-ophthalmologist. If appropriate, new information on the etiology of the illness will be reported. In this installment, progress in the clinical recognition and treatment of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and human immunodeficiency virus- (nonretinal) related illness is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Annual review of systemic disease--1997--II. 962 Dec 71

Chemokine receptors serve as portals of entry for certain intracellular pathogens, most notably human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Myxoma virus is a member of the poxvirus family that induces a lethal systemic disease in rabbits, but no poxvirus receptor has ever been defined. Rodent fibroblasts (3T3) that cannot be infected with myxoma virus could be made fully permissive for myxoma virus infection by expression of any one of several human chemokine receptors, including CCR1, CCR5, and CXCR4. Conversely, infection of 3T3-CCR5 cells can be inhibited by RANTES, anti-CCR5 polyclonal antibody, or herbimycin A but not by monoclonal antibodies that block HIV-1 infection or by pertussis toxin. These findings suggest that poxviruses, like HIV, are able to use chemokine receptors to infect specific cell subtypes, notably migratory leukocytes, but that their mechanisms of receptor interactions are distinct.
 ...
PMID:Use of chemokine receptors by poxviruses. 1058 63

Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast-like organism associated with pulmonary, meningoencephalitic, or systemic disease. This case report documents 2 cases of cryptococcosis with central nervous system involvement in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). In both cases the predominant post mortal lesions were pulmonary cryptococcomas and extensive meningoencephalomyelitis. Both cheetahs tested negative for feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus. The organism isolated in Case 2 was classified as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, which is mainly associated with disease in immunocompetent hosts.
 ...
PMID:Cryptococcosis in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus): two cases. 1085 21

At present, the immunodeficiency syndrome has became pandemic. In these conditions, every doctor, no matter his profile, will have to carry out patients with AIDS. This multisystemic disease goes beyond the limits of a single medical discipline, presenting a lot of clinical manifestations. In ophthalmology, the infection with immunodeficiency virus has a lot of clinical aspects. In the beginning stages, the ocular manifestations are nonspecific, often being the prime symptoms of the general infection. In time, the disease is advancing and the opportunistic infections are becoming very frequent. In the latest stages of the diseases, one can see ocular complications, recurrences of the retinitis and also accidents caused or related with therapy. We have formulated an algorithm of diagnosis, together with some elements of etiology, extremely important for the ocular determinations of the systemic disease. We have presented some general idea about the points, the aim and the principles of the antiretroviral treatment and about the monitoring activity of the disease. We have also presented an algorithm for the initiation of the treatment. As a conclusion, we notice the significance of a close cooperation between doctors, for the diagnostic and also for the therapeutical activity.
 ...
PMID:[Diagnostic and treatment difficulties in patients with HIV and AIDS infections; the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration]. 1102 Nov

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) was first described one century ago as a disease occurring in elderly men manifested as an indolent cutaneous form. After the onset of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection, KS became epidemic which, in association with HIV, presented as an aggressive, systemic disease. Recently, the recognition that a novel human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) was highly prevalent among KS patients provided strong evidence to indicate that HHV-8 was the etiology of KS. The pathogenesis of KS in AIDS patients is still controversial, but there is evidence suggesting that KS is a cytokine-mediated disease, and that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in AIDS patients were responsible for the aggressive pattern of the disease seen in such patients. The recently developed serological assays for detection of HHV-8 antibodies have made possible a better understanding of the prevalence of HHV-8 in different populations, and this has allowed a deeper understanding of HHV-8 epidemiology.
 ...
PMID:Human Herpes Virus 8 and Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Review. 1108 63


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>