Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Soluble CD8, soluble CD4, soluble CD25 (IL-2 receptor), beta 2-microglobulin and the cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in sera from patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). Levels of soluble CD8, soluble CD25 and beta 2-microglobulin but not of soluble CD4 and TNF-alpha were raised significantly above levels in normal sera. Sera from patients with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia, who are also antibody deficient, did not show this marked elevation. The raised levels of soluble CD8, soluble CD25 and beta 2-microglobulin in CVI, correlated with the extent of the defects in the B lymphocytes assessed in vitro, as well as with the clinical severity of the disease. The selective release of these molecules into sera may indicate that abnormal cellular activation occurs in most CVI patients. It is also possible that the raised levels of these soluble molecules play a part in the immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Raised serum levels of CD8, CD25 and beta 2-microglobulin in common variable immunodeficiency. 193 93

We assessed the immunopathologic role of circulating immune complexes in human immunodeficiency virus infection by evaluating the data base and the serum bank of the San Francisco Men's Health Study, a longitudinal clinical and epidemiological investigation conducted since 1983. A group of 4,276 sera from 1,023 (including 811 homosexual/bisexual) men were tested for circulating immune complexes. We used a modification of the commercially available enzyme immunoassay test, based on monoclonal anti-C1q antibodies coupled to the solid phase, for capturing circulating immune complexes from the test serum, followed by detection of circulating immune complexes with either anti-IgG or with anti-IgM probes. Although persistent IgM and IgG circulating immune complexes were most frequently encountered in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive homosexual/bisexual men, they were not an indicator of disease progression as assessed by abnormalities in the absolute numbers or ratios of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells, or clinical signs and symptoms of AIDS/ARC.
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PMID:Persistent immune complexes and abnormal CD4/CD8 ratios in HIV infection. 196 8

T-lymphocyte subsets in duodenal biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients were studied by immunocytochemical staining to determine the alterations of CD4- and CD8-cell subsets in comparison with HIV-1 antibody-negative controls and to examine the association with stage, gastrointestinal symptoms, and peripheral lymphocyte subsets and the influence of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins. A significant decrease in duodenal CD4 cells (p less than 0.001) and CD4/CD8 ratio (p less than 0.001) follows HIV-1 infection when compared to HIV-1-negative controls, more accentuated both in patients of stage WR6 and suffering from diarrhea than in those of stages WR1-5 or without diarrhea. In addition, a significant increase in CD8 cells (p less than 0.01) could be found in HIV-1-infected patients, again with lower levels in patients of stages WR6 than WR1-5. A strong correlation was found between the intestinal and peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio (R = 0.80), but the correlation was weak if HIV-1-negative persons were excluded from analysis (R = 0.29). Treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins improved diarrhea in four of five patients; two patients gained weight. Diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria, villous atrophy, CD4- and CD8-cell percentage, and CD4/CD8 ratio were not influenced.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte subsets in the duodenal lamina propria of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and influence of high-dose immunoglobulin therapy. 196 95

We investigated the in vitro growth of circulating progenitors from mononuclear nonadherent cells (MNAC) and T-depleted MNAC (non-T-MNAC) in the peripheral blood (PB) of 20 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive subjects, compared with 12 normal adult volunteers, in order to clarify whether the loss of hemopoietic progenitors described in the bone marrow (BM) of AIDS-related complex (ARC)/AIDS patients could occur in PB before the AIDS stage, only those patients at the early stages of the disease who had never undergone cytotoxic therapy were considered in the study. We found a significant reduction in the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, CFU-GM; p less than 0.001), megakaryocytic progenitors (megakaryocyte colony-forming units, CFU-MK; p less than 0.001) and erythroid progenitors (erythroid burst-forming units, BFU-E; p less than 0.05) in non-T-MNAC cultures of PB from HIV-1 seropositive subjects compared with normal PB control cultures. Although most of our patients had an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio and a marked reduction in the absolute number of CD4+ cells, there was no correlation with the absolute number of CD4+ cells or with the CD4/CD8 ratio. The loss of hemopoietic progenitors in PB seemed to occur earlier than in BM, because the hemograms of the patients considered in the study were normal in most cases.
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PMID:Early loss of circulating hemopoietic progenitors in HIV-1-infected subjects. 197 Sep 62

CD4 antigen levels in sera from asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals and patients with lymphadenopathy, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were quantitated. Like soluble CD8, CD4 antigen levels were elevated in human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative asymptomatic intravenous drug users and homosexuals, probably reflecting infections such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and hepatitis B virus infections. The sera from human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive groups of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection also had elevated levels of CD4 antigen, presumably reflecting infections like cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections.
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PMID:Elevated levels of CD4 antigen in sera of human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. 197 94

Serum from 36 intravenous drug abusers without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex were tested for concentrations of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. The seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody in this group was 50%. Previous studies of this group showed that the HIV antibody positive patients had significant increases in HLA-DR expression on peripheral blood lymphocytes and increases in serum soluble CD8 antigen. Both neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV antibody seropositive patients compared to the seronegative patients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). A highly significant positive correlation between neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin was found for the seropositive patients (r = 0.8879, p less than 0.0001) as well as for the entire group (r = 0.6054, p = 0.0002). Significant positive correlations were also found between neopterin or beta 2-microglobulin and the percent DR + T cells and CD8 antigen levels, although these correlations were not as significant as that observed between neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin. No relationships were found between neopterin or beta 2-microglobulin and total CD4 cell concentrations or CD4/CD8 ratios. These data demonstrate the significant interrelationships between various immune activation markers in a population at risk for developing AIDS.
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PMID:Close relationships between neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin levels in intravenous drug abusers. 197 99

The FeLV-FAIDS strain of feline leukemia virus consistently induces fatal immunodeficiency. To investigate the immunopathogenesis and viral genetic determinants responsible for the induction of immunodeficiency disease in vivo, we have generated chimeras between the two major viral genomes in the original virus isolate, designated common form clone 61E and major variant clone 61C, which were molecularly cloned directly from DNA of the same animal and tissue. Each of three 61E/C chimeras, containing at minimum a 34-amino-acid segment (including a 6-amino-acid insertion and one amino acid substitution) near the C terminus of the 61C surface glycoprotein (gp70), induced fatal immunodeficiency disease in all (12 of 12) infected animals over a course of 33 +/- 10 weeks. By contrast, animals infected with virus 61E, although persistently antigenemic, remained asymptomatic throughout a 48-week observation period. Beginning 14 weeks after infection, a significant decrease (8 to 10%) in the percent of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes developed in the 61E/C chimera-infected cats, compared with either 61E-infected or control animals. At this time, no significant changes were seen in CD8 cells, B cells, or mitogen-induced blastogenesis. Prior to this initial decline in CD4 cells, the ability of all antigenemic 61E/C-infected cats to generate a primary antibody response to the T-cell-dependent antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin was markedly impaired, whereas all 61E-infected cats, one 61E/C-infected but nonviremic cat, and all uninfected control cats produced normal antibody responses. The results reported here demonstrate that a major determinant of in vivo immunodeficiency induction by FeLV-FAIDS is contained within a 34-amino-acid C-terminal segment of its surface glycoprotein and that this gp70 alteration determines the early and persistent deficits in CD4+ T lymphocytes and T-cell-dependent antibody responses. We hypothesize that these early immunologic alterations could result from early deletion of a CD4+ helper T-cell subset.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subset alterations and viral determinants of immunodeficiency disease induction by the feline leukemia virus FeLV-FAIDS. 197 22

Blood mononuclear cells from 47 cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were examined by using monoclonal antibodies directed against feline CD4 and CD8 homologs, a pan-T-cell antigen, and cell surface immunoglobulin. Significant inversion of the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio was observed only in cats that were infected for 18 months or more. This inversion was associated with a decrease in the absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells and a concomitant increase in CD8+ cells. However, the total numbers of circulating T and B cells were not significantly reduced. Cats infected with FIV for 24 to 28 months also had significantly elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG), but normal levels of IgA and IgM. The long-term decline in CD4+ T cells and hypergammaglobulinemia observed in FIV-infected cats resemble the abnormalities occurring in humans after human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Immunologic abnormalities in pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 197 26

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is associated with feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (FAIDS) and has been suggested as a model for HIV-induced human AIDS. The most obvious immunological defect in HIV infection is a reduction in CD4+ cell numbers and an inversion of the CD4:CD8 ratio. To determine whether the same is true in FIV infection, we analyzed by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to feline lymphocyte populations the CD4:CD8 ratios in cats naturally infected with the virus. We report that 13 of 19 FIV-infected cats had ratios below the 5th percentile of normal cats (0.57, established from analysis of 39 normal cats) and 18 of 19 had ratios below 1. Repeated analyses over a period of several months revealed the inverted ratios to be consistent. Analysis of lymphocyte numbers in FIV-infected cats shows that the inverted ratios are due to a decrease in CD4+ T cells, while CD8+ T and B cells remain relatively normal in number. Analysis of a group of cats with a variety of other chronic diseases, including feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections, revealed a near-normal distribution of CD4:CD8 ratios. These findings are similar to those in HIV infections and indicate that, like HIV, FIV causes a selective reduction in CD4+ cells and should be an excellent model for studying retrovirus-induced AIDS.
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PMID:Lymphocyte population changes in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. 198 10

In a prospective study, 29 patients were observed over a period of 42 weeks for signs of oral candidosis (OC), immunological parameters and other typical AIDS-related events. Before the study started, no OC was observed in any of the patients. During the observation period, OC was diagnosed in 12 of the 29 patients (41%). 5 of these 12 patients (42%) developed full-blown AIDS during the 42 weeks. In contrast, a progression to AIDS was observed in only 1 of the 17 patients (5.9%) without OC. The laboratory findings for patients with and without OC showed statistically significant differences for neopterin (23.6 against 14.4 nmol l-1), CD4 counts (417 against 763/mm3) and CD4/CD8 ratios (0.45 against 0.85). Based on these results, it seems justifiable to consider prophylactic measures such as pentamidine inhalation and/or treatment with zidovudine in HIV-infected patients with immunodeficiency and occurrence of OC.
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PMID:Oral candidosis in HIV-infected patients. Prognostic value and correlation with immunological parameters. 198 18


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