Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis are intestinal infections caused by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli, respectively. HIV infection and other immunodeficiency diseases predispose human subjects to severe and prolonged cryptosporidiosis. There is also evidence that HIV infection predisposes to chronic isosporiasis. Strongyloidiasis is caused by a nematode worm, Strongyloides stercoralis. Administration of corticosteroids to patients with chronic low-grade S. stercoralis infection can trigger a fulminant, life-threatening form of strongyloidiasis.
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PMID:Parasitic diseases in immunocompromised hosts. Cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, and strongyloidiasis. 886 46

To measure the effect of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections (OIs) in 1993, national multiple-cause death certificate data were examined using two approaches. First, for each OI, the percentage of deaths with HIV infection reported as the underlying cause was calculated. Second, the age-adjusted rate of death per million population was compared with the rate predicted from a model of rates in 1970-1980 or 1979-1981, as available. The percentage of deaths with HIV as the underlying cause and the ratio of observed to predicted death rates were as follows: toxoplasmosis, 91% and 86 (5.24/0.06); cryptosporidiosis/isosporiasis, 90% and infinite (1.61/0.00); progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 87% and 19 (2.58/0.13); pneumocystosis, 82% and 18 (15.44/0.87); cytomegalovirus disease, 82% and 17 (12.60/0.74); nontuberculous mycobacteriosis, 79% and 18 (15.51/0.84); cryptococcosis, 76% and 4 (5.80/1.35); and histoplasmosis, 68% and 6 (1.36/0.23). Thus, the HIV epidemic has greatly increased mortality from several OIs.
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PMID:Effect of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality from opportunistic infections in the United States in 1993. 929 8

Protist organisms (protozoa and fungi) have become increasingly prominent as opportunistic pathogens among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and among organ transplant recipients--two immunocompromised populations that have increased dramatically in the past two decades. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection (OI) among HIV-infected persons in the United States, occurring frequently among persons not previously receiving medical care. Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, and isosporiasis occur frequently in HIV-infected persons in the developing world. Candidiasis and aspergillosis are common OIs in organ transplant recipients. As these populations of immunosuppressed patients continue to expand worldwide new OIs caused by protist pathogens are likely to emerge.
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PMID:Protists as opportunistic pathogens: public health impact in the 1990s and beyond. 1065 Dec 90

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of isosporiasis and its clinical and laboratory pattern in Venezuelan patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 397). At enrollment, they underwent a thorough clinical history and physical examination, and provided stool specimens for the identification of Isospora belli and other parasites. Isospora belli was identified in 56 subjects (14%) and diarrhea, either acute or chronic, was present in 98% of these cases (P < 0.001). Eosinophilia was strongly associated with isosporiasis (P = 0.01). It was also found that the presence of eosinophilia was more common in I. belli-infected patients without weight loss (P < 0.001). Twenty-six (81.25%) subjects with I. belli infection had CD4+ cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 (P = 0.03). In addition, the data and its description shows the association to be < 100 cells/mm3. This infection seems to be seasonal because the recovery of oocysts occurred mainly in months with significant rainfall. In fact, isosporiasis should be suspected in HIV-infected patients from tropical countries with diarrhea, weight loss, eosinophilia, and low CD4+ cell counts.
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PMID:Isosporiasis in Venezuelan adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus: clinical characterization. 1367 79

Opportunistic isosporidial infection of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently encountered in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is considered to be an AIDS-defining illness. Chronic severe watery diarrhea due to Isospora belli has also been reported in other immunodeficiency states. This report describes severe chronic debilitating diarrhea due to isosporiasis in a patient with mediastinal thymoma, a common tumor of the anterior mediastinum, originating from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Numerous oocysts of I. belli were detected in direct smear preparation of the diarrheic stool sample of the patient, who had an 8-month history of recurrent diarrhea. Duodenal and colonic mucosal biopsies revealed slight degrees of atrophic changes associated with infiltration of the lamina propria by an appreciable number of eosinophiles and the presence of unizoit tissue cysts of I. belli in the surface epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. The patient was first treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and subsequently underwent complete thymectomy. Later, due to recurrence of the diarrhea, he was treated with ciprofloxacin.
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PMID:Severe diarrhea due to Isospora belli in a patient with thymoma. 2042 40

We report a severe case of diarrhea in a 62-year-old female HIV-negative patient from whom Giardia lamblia and Isospora belli were isolated. Because unusual and opportunistic infections should be considered as criteria for further analysis of immunological status, laboratory investigations led to a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). This is the first reported case of isosporiasis in a patient with CVID and illustrates the importance of being aware of a possible link, particularly in relation to primary immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency and isosporiasis: first report case. 2329 86