Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several antitumor substances that effectively inhibited the growth of ascites and solid tumor cells transplanted in mice were isolated from pine cone NaOH extract by acid- and ethanol-precipitation. These antitumor substances were also potent antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus and influenza virus; they induced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcal aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and induced antiparasite activity against Hymenolepis nana in mice. Chemical analysis of these substances by IR, UV, NMR, ESR and partition chromatography on cellulose-TLC plate disclosed that they had lignin-related structures complexed with sugars or polysaccharides. Chlorinated decomposition of the lignin portion significantly reduced their antiviral activity. In agreement with this, the antiviral activity of synthesized lignins prepared by polymerization of phenylpropanoid precursors was comparable to that of the undecomposed counterparts of the pine cone extract. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide portion significantly reduced the ability of the substances to induce antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. With an appropriate eliciting agent, intravenous administration of natural lignified substances transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (possibly tumor necrosis factor) in normal mice. Their priming activity was significantly higher than that of their component units or degradation products. These data suggest the importance of conjugating lignins with polysaccharides for in vivo expression of various kinds of immunopotentiating activity. As possible explanations for their induction of a variety of immunopotentiating activities, these natural and synthetic lignins stimulated macrophage NBT-reducing activity, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) iodination and splenocyte DNA synthesis and inhibited poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities.
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PMID:Antitumor, antiviral and immunopotentiating activities of pine cone extracts: potential medicinal efficacy of natural and synthetic lignin-related materials (review). 164 35

Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas were studied in fifteen autopsied patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using the working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the tumors were classified as large cell (7 patients), mixed large and small cell (6 patients), small cleaved cell (1 patient), and unclassifiable (1 patient). The mixed lymphomas displayed unusual features characterized by a high mitotic rate and the presence of numerous medium-sized cells (5 to 10 mus), not classifiable using the working formulation. Focal T cell and lymphoplasmacytoid B cell infiltrates accompanied lymphoma cells at the periphery of and remote from solid tumor masses in 9 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymphomas suggested B cell neoplasms. All of these patients had concurrent CNS and systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. The CNS infections were of both viral (CMV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and non-viral (toxoplasmosis, candidiasis) etiology. In the general AIDS population at our institution, the autopsy incidence of CNS infections and systemic CMV was 63% and 60%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence for both these entities was 0% in otherwise healthy, non-AIDS patients with CNS lymphoma supports the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of CNS lymphoma in the immunocompromised. Polyclonal lymphoplasmacytoid B and T cell infiltrates accompanying lymphoma may produce diagnostic difficulties on surgical biopsy. As these infiltrates were a frequent feature in this study, we caution that their recognition does not argue against the presence of CNS lymphoma.
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PMID:Central nervous system lymphoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 217 24

A gene locus for ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is in chromosome region 11q22 to 11q23 and predisposes to cancer. Ataxia-telangiectasia patients appear to have two separate clinical patterns of malignancy. One pattern involves solid tumors, which have not been stressed and which include malignancies in the oral cavity, breast, stomach, pancreas, ovary, and bladder. Detection of a solid tumor in an A-T patient should serve as a warning. It heralds a markedly elevated risk of another malignancy in that patient. The second pattern of neoplasia in A-T is well recognized and consists of lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These malignancies may relate to immunodeficiency in A-T and to chromosome breakage and rearrangement, which are a feature of A-T. These two patterns of malignancy may be truly separate and reflect different mechanisms of malignancy in A-T, or they may not really be separate but instead reflect a single mechanism of malignancy. The situation in A-T is reminiscent of that in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Kaposi's sarcoma occurs with mild immunodeficiency and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurs with more profound immunodeficiency owing to the human immunodeficiency virus. Next to pulmonary disease, cancer is the leading cause of death in A-T.
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PMID:Cancer in ataxia-telangiectasia patients. 218 34

In this experiment, the "nu" gene was introduced into "beige" mutant mice, which are immunodeficient in NK cell activity. The resultant beige nude mice (bg/bg-nu/nu) have combined immunodeficiency in both T and NK cell activities. The level of NK cell activity in beige nude mice is slightly higher than that in beige mice, but much lower than that in nude mice. This is consistent with other studies. In order to elucidate the role of the metastatic behavior of a human tumor cell line PAa in both athymic nude mice and beige nude mice. The PAa cell line was originally established from a human lung adenocarcinoma and maintained as a solid tumor by serial s.c. passage in nude mice. During the first 18 passages in nude mice, PAa cells were found to have metastasized spontaneously to regional lymph nodes in only 4 animals, but metastases were no longer found in subsequent passages. The total incidence of metastasis in nude mice was 9% (4/44). However, when inoculated s.c. into beige nude mice, the metastatic rate of PAa cells was 43% (9/21) to the regional lymph nodes and 10% (2/21) to the lungs in two separate experiments. We conclude from the results that NK cells may play an important, if not exclusive, role in host resistance to tumor metastasis. Beige nude mice could serve as a useful in vivo model in studies of the biology and heterogeneity of human tumor metastasis.
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PMID:Comparative study of metastatic behavior of a human tumor cell line in athymic (nu/nu) and beige nude mice (bg/bg-nu/nu). 263 Nov 14

5'-Methylthioadenosine (MTA) is a naturally occurring nucleoside which is degraded by MTA phosphorylase (MTAase) to adenine and methylthioribose-1-phosphate in all normal mammalian cells. These products of the phosphorylytic cleavage of MTA are recycled to the nucleotide pool and methionine, respectively. Thus, supplemental MTA could theoretically be utilized by MTAase-containing cells as a source of methionine and adenine. In fact, in vitro experiments have shown that MTAase-containing cells proliferate normally in methionine-free medium if MTA is added to the cultures (M. K. Riscoe and A. J. Ferro, J. Biol. Chem., 259: 5465-5471, 1984). In contrast, MTAase-deficient malignant cell lines do not proliferate under these conditions. In light of these observations and the recent demonstration (N. Kamatani et al., Blood, 60: 1387-1391, 1982) that a proportion of acute lymphoblastic leukemias lack MTAase, we wished to determine if this enzyme deficiency occurs in a variety of human neoplasms. Accordingly, malignant cells from eight patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and ten patients with various solid tumors were assayed for MTAase activity. Samples from one of the eight acute nonlymphocytic leukemia patients and three of the 10 solid tumor patients (one with melanoma, one with squamous cell lung cancer, and one with adenocarcinoma of the rectum) had undetectable MTAase activity. In contrast, erythrocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes isolated from normal subjects and from patients with immunodeficiency syndromes or cancer all contained enzyme activity. In addition, the methods of preservation, storage, and cell disruption did not affect MTAase activity. These observations confirm and extend the findings of Kamatani et al. (Blood, 60: 1387-1391, 1982) by demonstrating that MTAase deficiency occurs in a variety of human malignancies including acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and solid tumors. This metabolic difference between normal and malignant cells may be therapeutically exploitable.
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PMID:Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficiency in human leukemias and solid tumors. 309 64

A case of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) with cutaneous and splenic involvement is reported. Carcinoma of the left colon and basal cell epithelioma arose eleven years after KS. Genetic, viral, and immunologic factors which may promote initiation and development of Kaposi sarcoma are reviewed. The responsibility of immunodeficiency, whether resulting from therapy or from other causes, in carcinogenesis is discussed. Prolonged survival may be seen after KS. Another primary malignant disease (lymphoma or solid tumor) may arise. The authors suggest that the risk of immunologic disorders, occurring spontaneously or induced by therapy, should be considered specifically for each patient with KS.
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PMID:[Colic carcinoma and basal cell epithelioma eleven years after Kaposi sarcoma with splenic and cutaneous involvement (author's transl)]. 628 76

Recent molecular evidence suggests an association with a new herpesvirus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), and primary effusion lymphomas (PELs). PELs have a characteristic morphology, phenotype, and clinical presentation, with malignant effusions in the absence of a contiguous solid tumor mass. We have established a cell line (KS-1) from a KSHV-positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patient with pleural cavity-based lymphoma that was passaged into triple-immunodeficient BNX mice. In contrast to cell lines from body cavity-based lymphomas derived from HIV-positive individuals that contain both KSHV and Epstein Barr viral genome, these cells contain only KSHV, allowing for uncontaminated virologic studies. Ultrastructural examination identified malignant cells with features of late differentiating B cells (immunoblasts). Cells with viral cytopathic effect contained typical 110-nm intranuclear herpesvirus nucleocapsids and complete cytoplasmic virions, confirming the association of PEL with KSHV.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) in primary effusion lymphoma: ultrastructural demonstration of herpesvirus in lymphoma cells. 865 5

A 58-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent pulmonary infections that began three years previously. Laboratory data showed hypogammaglobulinemia and a chest computed tomogram showed diffuse bilateral micronodular shadows and an anterior mediastinal tumor. Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) was diagnosed. After undergoing a thymectomy, he received intravenous gamma-globulin injections once a month for prophylaxis. Good's syndrome occurs rarely in Japan. A solid tumor-like shadow is not necessarily observed in routine chest X-ray studies, and hypogammaglobulinemia is one sign of this syndrome. The hypogammaglobulinemia of Good's syndrome should be carefully differentiated from that of other immunodeficiency diseases such as common variable immunodeficiency, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (non-secretory type).
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PMID:[Immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) similar to sino-bronchial syndrome]. 881 Jul 67

Recent molecular evidence suggests an association with a new herpes virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV/HHV-8), and primary effusion lymphomas (PEL). PELs have a characteristic morphology, phenotype, and clinical presentation with malignant effusions in the absence of a contiguous solid tumor mass. Most cases of PEL have occurred in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive male patients who are coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This report describes two cases of PEL in HIV- and EBV-negative women. In one patient, a pleural cavity PEL was preceded by classic Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) of the lower extremities. In the second patient, PEL developed in an artificial cavity related to the capsule of a breast implant. Both cases had the characteristic morphologic appearance of high-grade anaplastic/B-cell immunoblastic lymphomas, with loss of B-cell differentiation antigens, clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements, and expression of activation antigen CD30. Both cases were negative for EBV, herpes virus simplex, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). DNA extracted from both lymphomas and skin KS specimen showed KSHV sequences by molecular analysis. This report expands the spectrum of KSHV-associated disease to include PEL in HIV-negative women.
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PMID:Primary effusion lymphoma in women: report of two cases of Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus-associated effusion-based lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-negative women. 887 12

We report an autopsy case of preclinical primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The case was an 89-year-old female who died of rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. No neurological abnormalities were found throughout our clinical observation. Serum anti-human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and anti-human immunodeficiency virus were negative. Grossly, the brain was normal except for a small solid tumor, 6 by 6 by 2.5 mm, in the lateral ventricular wall at the left hippocampal fimbria, and multiple smaller disseminated nodules. Histological examination revealed multiple microscopic disseminated foci throughout the brain, including the cerebral subcortical white matter, basal nucleus, thalamus, brainstem and cerebellum. Histological classification is of lymphoblastic type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade malignancy. Lymphoma cells are positive for leukocyte common antigen and L-26, indicating a B cell phenotype. In situ hybridization with Epstein-Barr viral probes is negative. It is concluded that this case may represent a relatively early preclinical stage of multifocal type of primary CNS lymphoma.
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PMID:Preclinical primary central nervous system lymphoma. 910 Nov 10


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