Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A virus causing Jembrana disease in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) was demonstrated to have characteristics of a retrovirus. Reverse transcriptase activity was detected in virus purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopic examination of tissue from the affected cattle indicated that the virus matured by C-type budding through the plasma membrane and into intracytoplasmic vacuoles of cells in lymphoid tissue, with the formation of circular enveloped virus particles ranging in diameter from 96 to 124 nm with an eccentric nucleoid. Western immunoblotting using sera from recovered animals demonstrated virus proteins of M(r) 100K, 45K, 42K, 33K, 26K, 16K and 14K. The 26K protein of Jembrana disease virus cross-reacted in Western blots with the 26K capsid protein of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). The apparent morphogenesis, protein structure and antigenic relationship with BIV suggested the virus was a lentivirus.
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PMID:Characteristics of a retrovirus associated with Jembrana disease in Bali cattle. 769 Aug 40

Jembrana disease virus, the cause of an acute, severe disease in Bali (Bos javanicus) cattle in Indonesia was recently identified as a retrovirus, and possibly a lentivirus. We have produced sequence data representing 598 bp of the pol gene, amplified by PCR from viral cDNA using broadly reactive universal primers for retroviruses and more specific genus-reactive primers for lentiviruses. When the sequence data were compared with that of known lentiviruses and other bovine retroviruses, the closest alignment was with bovine immunodeficiency-like lentivirus (BIV), showing 74% nucleotide sequence identity. This confirmed that JDV is a lentivirus and that it is distinguishable from BIV. The pathogenesis of Jembrana disease is most unusual for a lentivirus infection and differs markedly from that reported for BIV infection.
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PMID:Genomic sequence analysis identifies Jembrana disease virus as a new bovine lentivirus. 784 31

Jembrana disease is a severe and acute clinical disease in Bali (Bos javanicus) cattle with a case fatality rate of about 20%, and a mild sometimes subclinical disease in other cattle types and buffalo. The aetiological agent has been identified as a lentivirus, designated as Jembrana disease virus (JDV). Preliminary sequence analysis has confirmed the identity of JDV as a lentivirus and has shown that it is distinguishable from BIV. There is antigenic cross-reactivity between the capsid protein of JDV and the previously identified bovine lentivirus designated bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). Serological tests that detect antibody to the capsid protein of JDV or BIV would not differentiate between antibody due to infection by either virus. The diseases induced by BIV and JDV infection in cattle are very different, and the pathogenesis of JDV infection in Bali cattle is unusual for a lentivirus infection.
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PMID:Recent advances in the understanding of Jembrana disease. 854 63

The complete nucleotide sequence of the RNA genome of Jembrana disease virus (JDV), a lentivirus that causes an acute disease syndrome in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus), is reported. In addition to the gag, pol and env genes and flanking long terminal repeats (LTRs) that characterize all retroviruses, a number of accessory genes represented by small multiply spliced ORFs in the central and 3'-terminal regions of the genome, including tat and rev that are typical of lentiviruses, were identified. The genome of JDV was 7732 bp in length, 750 bp smaller than the genome of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) strain BIV127. A striking feature of the genome was the many deletions relative to BIV127, the largest of which were 471 bp from the env gene and 157 bp from the U3 (promoter) region in the LTR. There were also several insertions of up to 33 bp in the JDV genome relative to BIV127 found in the env gene and small ORFs that overlap env. Other significant genomic differences between JDV and BIV127 included changes to cis-acting sequences throughout the genome such as promoter and enhancer sequences in the LTR, the trans-activation response region, splice sites and frameshift sequences; alterations to the gag precursor protein cleavage sites and thus the processed products; loss of the vpw and vpy ORFs; and amino acid changes in all coding regions. The significance of these changes is discussed in relation to the differences in pathogenicity between JDV and BIV.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence analysis of Jembrana disease virus: a bovine lentivirus associated with an acute disease syndrome. 904 70

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a recently identified bovine lentivirus causing an acute severe disease syndrome in banteng cattle (Bos javanicus) and a milder disease syndrome in Bos taurus cattle in Indonesia. The virus is closely related genetically to the previously identified bovine lentivirus, bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). Recombinant clones were produced which contained the capsid (CA) and transmembrane (TM) subunits of the respective gag and env open reading frames of JDV. The proteins were expressed as fusions to the glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme in Escherichia coli and purification was achieved using affinity chromatography via immobilized reduced glutathione. The soluble recombinant CA and TM antigens of JDV were reacted in western immunoblots with both serum antibodies from JDV-infected Bos javanicus cattle and Bos taurus cattle immunized with BIV. The recombinant CA protein of JDV reacted equally well with both the JDV and BIV antisera. The recombinant TM protein of JDV also reacted with antibody from the JDV infected cattle and with the BIV antisera. The results indicated conservation of immunogenic epitopes of the CA and TM proteins of the two viruses. The production of the recombinant proteins should enable the development of rapid and sensitive serological tests for JDV and BIV, and tools for further study of the immune response to JDV and the differential epidemiology of JDV infections in cattle.
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PMID:Recombinant Jembrana disease virus proteins as antigens for the detection of antibody to bovine lentiviruses. 976 27

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a newly identified bovine lentivirus that is closely related to the bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). JDV contains a tat gene, encoded by two exons, which has potent transactivation activity. Cotransfection of the JDV tat expression plasmid with the JDV promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct pJDV-U3R resulted in a substantial increase in the level of CAT mRNA transcribed from the JDV long terminal repeat (LTR) and a dramatic increase in the CAT protein level. Deletion analysis of the LTR sequences showed that sequences spanning nucleotides -68 to +53, including the TATA box and the predicted first stem-loop structure of the predicted Tat response element (TAR), were required for efficient transactivation. The results, derived from site-directed mutagenesis experiments, suggested that the base pairing in the stem of the first stem-loop structure in the TAR region was important for JDV Tat-mediated transactivation; in contrast, nucleotide substitutions in the loop region of JDV TAR had less effect. For the JDV LTR, upstream sequences, from nucleotide -196 and beyond, as well as the predicted secondary structures in the R region, may have a negative effect on basal JDV promoter activity. Deletion of these regions resulted in a four- to fivefold increase in basal expression. The JDV Tat is also a potent transactivator of other animal and primate lentivirus promoters. It transactivated BIV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) LTRs to levels similar to those with their homologous Tat proteins. In contrast, HIV-1 Tat has minimal effects on JDV LTR expression, whereas BIV Tat moderately transactivated the JDV LTR. Our study suggests that JDV may use a mechanism of transactivation similar but not identical to those of other animal and primate lentiviruses.
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PMID:Characterization of the Jembrana disease virus tat gene and the cis- and trans-regulatory elements in its long terminal repeats. 984 71

Antigen-specific T-helper (Th) lymphocytes are critical for the development of antiviral humoral responses and the expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Identification of relevant Th lymphocyte epitopes remains an important step in the development of an efficacious subunit peptide vaccine against equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a naturally occurring lentivirus of horses. This study describes Th lymphocyte reactivity in EIAV carrier horses to two proteins, p26 and p15, encoded by the relatively conserved EIAV gag gene. Using partially overlapping peptides, multideterminant and possibly promiscuous epitopes were identified within p26. One peptide was identified which reacted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from all five EIAV-infected horses, and three other peptides were identified which reacted with PBMC from four of five EIAV-infected horses. Four additional peptides containing both CTL and Th lymphocyte epitopes were also identified. Multiple epitopes were recognized in a region corresponding to the major homology region of the human immunodeficiency virus, a region with significant sequence similarity to other lentiviruses including simian immunodeficiency virus, puma lentivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, Jembrana disease virus, visna virus, and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus. PBMC reactivity to p15 peptides from EIAV carrier horses also occurred. Multiple p15 peptides were shown to be reactive, but not all infected horses had Th lymphocytes recognizing p15 epitopes. The identification of peptides reactive with PBMC from outbred horses, some of which encoded both CTL and Th lymphocyte epitopes, should contribute to the design of synthetic peptide or recombinant vector vaccines for EIAV.
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PMID:Gag protein epitopes recognized by CD4(+) T-helper lymphocytes from equine infectious anemia virus-infected carrier horses. 1019 22

Recombinant 26 kDa capsid (CA) proteins of bovine lentiviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV), were expressed in Escherichia coli and utilised as antigens for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a western immunoblot (WIB) procedure for the detection of antibody in dairy cattle in Western Australia. A total of 690 serum samples, 30 from each of 23 farms, were tested by ELISA with a JDV CA protein antigen, and antibody was detected in 3.8% (p<0.05) of the sera. Nine sera from each farm were also tested by WIB with JDV CA protein antigens and antibody was detected in 15.9% of these samples. All ELISA-positive results were also WIB-positive, and all sera antibody-positive by WIB with JDV CA protein antigens were also antibody-positive by the WIB using recombinant BIV CA antigens. This study showed that recombinant protein antigens can be used for serological tests to detect bovine lentivirus infection in Australia.
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PMID:Serological evidence of an Australian bovine lentivirus. 1050 Nov 74

Jembrana disease virus (JDV) is a bovine lentivirus genetically similar to bovine immunodeficiency virus; it causes an acute and sometimes fatal disease in infected animals. This virus carries a very potent Tat that can strongly activate not only its own long terminal repeat (LTR) but also the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) LTR. In contrast, HIV Tat cannot reciprocally activate the JDV LTR (H. Chen, G. E. Wilcox, G. Kertayadnya, and C. Wood, J. Virol. 73:658-666, 1999). This indicates that in transactivation JDV Tat may utilize a mechanism similar to but not the same as that of the HIV Tat. To further study the similarity of JDV and HIV tat in transactivation, we first tested the responses of a series of HIV LTR mutants to the JDV Tat. Cross-transactivation of HIV LTR by JDV Tat was impaired by mutations that disrupted the HIV type 1 transactivation response element (TAR) RNA stem-loop structure. Our results demonstrated that JDV Tat, like HIV Tat, transactivated the HIV LTR at least partially in a TAR-dependent manner. However, the sequence in the loop region of TAR was not as critical for the function of JDV Tat as it was for HIV Tat. The competitive inhibition of Tat-induced transactivation by the truncated JDV or HIV Tat, which consisted only of the activation domain, suggested that similar cellular factors were involved in both JDV and HIV Tat-induced transactivation. Based on the one-round transfection assay with HIV tat mutant proviruses, the cotransfected JDV tat plasmid can functionally complement the HIV tat defect. To further characterize the effect of JDV Tat on HIV, a stable chimeric HIV carrying the JDV tat gene was generated. This chimeric HIV replicated in a T-cell line, C8166, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which suggested that JDV Tat can functionally substitute for HIV Tat. Further characterization of this chimeric virus will help to elucidate how JDV Tat functions and to explain the differences between HIV and JDV Tat transactivation.
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PMID:Jembrana disease virus Tat can regulate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and can substitute for HIV Tat in viral replication. 1068 86

The arginine-rich RNA binding motif is found in a wide variety of proteins, including several viral regulatory proteins. Although related at the primary sequence level, arginine-rich domains from different proteins adopt different conformations depending on the RNA site recognized, and in some cases fold only in the context of RNA. Here we show that the RNA binding domain of the Jembrana disease virus (JDV) Tat protein is able to recognize two different TAR RNA sites, from human and bovine immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and BIV, respectively), adopting different conformations in the two RNA contexts and using different amino acids for recognition. In addition to the conformational differences, the JDV domain requires the cyclin T1 protein for high-affinity binding to HIV TAR, but not to BIV TAR. The "chameleon-like" behavior of the JDV Tat RNA binding domain reinforces the concept that RNA molecules can provide structural scaffolds for protein folding, and suggests mechanisms for evolving distinct RNA binding specificities from a single multifunctional domain.
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PMID:An RNA-binding chameleon. 1110 46


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