Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The skin response to 5 mug of purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied in 299 subjects, including 58 normal controls, 92 patients without malignancies, and 149 patients with nonlymphomatous cancer. Other immunological responses, such as in vitro lymphocyte stimulation (62 subjects) and skin response to purified protein derivatives (PPD) (95 subjects), were tested simultaneously to examine their correlation with the PHA skin test. A positive reaction was observed 24 hr after intradermal injection of 5 mug of purified PHA in 56 (96.6%) of 58 normal controls, 40 (49.4%) of 81 untreated patients with cancer, and 24 (35.3%) of 68 cancer patients receiving anticancer therapy. Among 32 patients with gastric cancer tested, impaired skin reactivity to purified PHA was noted in patients in stage III or IV. A correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro responses to PHA in 46 (74.2%) of 62 individuals (P less than 0.001). The PHA skin test was repeated 4 times over a period of three months in patients without malignancies, and no significant change in tehir skin reactivity was detected. In repeated tests, the skin reactivity to purified PHA of patients with lung cancer varied depending on the clinical status, and the extent and type of anticancer therapy the patients were receiving. It is concluded that the PHA skin test is a simple diagnostic method for screening for immunodeficiency in cancer patients before and during the course of anticancer therapy. Other advantages of this test are that no presensitization is required and that it can be used repeatedly.
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PMID:Phytohemagglutinin skin test: diagnostic value for showing immunodeficiency in patients with cancer. 122 17

In order to prevent the radiotherapeutically-induced aggravation of initial immunodeficiency, a thymic preparation (Thymex L) was given to lung cancer patients simultaneously with irradiation. The parameters of both cellular and humoral nonspecific immunity were evaluated in two groups of patients: one was treated with radiotherapy only (60 Gy in 30 fractions); the other one received Thymex L (100 mg 3 times a week, total dose 1800 mg, i.m.) simultaneously with radiotherapy. The significant decrease of B and T cell number, and decreased lymphoproliferative response to PHA were found in all patients before therapy; the number and phagocyting capacity of blood monocytes, as well as the concentrations of circulating IgG, IgA and immunocomplexes, were all significantly increased. Immediately after irradiation the patients had even lower number of T and B cells, diminished reactivity to PHA and higher number of mononuclear phagocytes when compared to the values before therapy. In patients treated with Thymex L, the number of B and T cells and PHA-induced proliferative response were significantly higher than in those treated with radiotherapy only. No effect of this therapy was seen on active T cells, on high number and function of mononuclear phagocytes and on elevated concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and immune complexes. Our results indicate that Thymex L can successfully prevent the harmful effect of radiation therapy on cellular immunity in a majority of lung cancer patients.
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PMID:The protective activity of Thymex L against radiotherapeutically-induced cellular immunodepression in lung cancer patients. 132 21

Lung cancer infrequently may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This retrospective case-control study was undertaken to determine if there were differences in age, sex, and stage distribution and in survival between HIV-positive and HIV-indeterminate lung cancer patients. We compared 19 patients with both pathologically verified lung cancer and HIV infection proved by serologic study with lung cancer patients with an indeterminate HIV status. All 19 HIV-positive lung cancer patients were men. This was significantly (p = 0.004) different from the 69 percent male preponderance in 1,335 HIV-indeterminate lung cancer patients. Median ages of HIV-positive and HIV-indeterminate patients were 48 and 61 years, respectively. HIV-positive patients were significantly (p = 0.0139) younger. Stage distribution was similar in both groups. Histologic features and smoking were not significantly different between the two groups. Survival data that were available in 16 HIV-positive patients were compared with 32 HIV-indeterminate control subjects matched for stage, age, sex, and race. The median survival was three months in the HIV-positive group and ten months in the HIV-indeterminate cohort. The survival was significantly different (p = 0.002). There were no one-year survivors in HIV-positive lung cancer patients.
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PMID:Lung cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection compared with historic control subjects. 133 37

A retrospective study was done to determine the prevalence of anti-HTLV-I antibodies in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. None of the 19 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis had underlying immunodeficiency. Anti-HTLV-I antibody was present in 6 (32%) of 19 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis, a significantly higher prevalence than found in patients with bronchial asthma (4 (7%) of 58) (p less than 0.01, chi-square test). No statistical difference was noted when anti-HTLV-I antibody seropositivity was compared to that of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (16% (17/105)), lung cancer (17% (22/129)) and pneumonia (9% (6/64)). A reduced cellular immunity as shown by lymphopenia, the CD4/CD8 ratio, and purified protein derivative skin test was found in only 1 (5%) of 19, 2 (12%) of 17, and 6 (33%) of 18 patients, respectively. These results do not explain the susceptibility to pulmonary cryptococcosis in HTLV-I carriers. This is the first report of high prevalence of pulmonary cryptococcosis in HTLV-I carriers and it raises the question whether HTLV-I carriers are more susceptible to opportunistic infections and other malignancies probably due to subtle immunological abnormalities.
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PMID:Prevalence of HTLV-I antibody in pulmonary cryptococcosis. 145 16

Over one quarter of the risk of death due to the sudden infant death syndrome (cot death) is attributable to maternal smoking. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infancy is one of the most important avoidable risk factors for infant death. Nicotine is a drug of addiction. Many young smokers are addicted to nicotine and develop withdrawal symptoms on stopping. Smoking is an important marker for other types of drug abuse, e.g. alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. The earlier children start smoking, the greater the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking affects immunity and has been associated with an increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
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PMID:Smoking and the young. 146 39

Birth control vaccines inducing antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are in the forefront of development among all potential birth control vaccines. 2 such vaccines have been developed; one of them uses the 37-amino acid carboxy terminal peptide of beta-hCG (the CTP vaccine), and the other employs the entire beta-hCG (the beta-hCG vaccine) or its heterospecies dimer with an alpha subunit for ovine luteinizing hormone (the HSD vaccine). A Phase I clinical trial with the CTP vaccine was conducted in Australia in 39 women, 10 serving as controls and 20 immunized with the vaccine. No important adverse reactions were observed and the immune response was reversible. Menstrual pattern was unchanged. More extensive Phase I clinical trials were conducted with the beta-hCG/HSD vaccines in 5 centers in India and in Finland, Chile and Brazil which invariably confirmed the lack of side effects and the reversibility of the vaccine. The HSD vaccine proceeded to Phase II trials conducted in 3 major centers in India. 14 women were exposed to the risk of pregnancy for 12 months and 2 completed 19 months without becoming pregnant. As of February 1, 1992, 642 cycles of exposure had been recorded. Only 1 pregnancy had taken place above the threshold level of 59 ng/ml bioneutralization capacity. Research results also indicate that a recombinant vaccine in a live vector such as vaccinia would require less frequent injections, and elicit a high antibody response capable of preventing pregnancy. Vaccines have entered Phase 1 clinical trials employing vaccinia as a vector as potential vaccines against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Vaccination-inducing antibodies against hCG may have an application in the treatment of lung cancer, as a cell line, ChaGo, developed from a human lung cancer patient, makes hCG and its subunits.
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PMID:Anti-hCG vaccines are in clinical trials. 151 26

The association of lung cancer and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is uncommon. This report and critical review of the medical literature defines a clinical profile of 22 patients affected with this uncommon association. This clinical profile includes young age (median, 38 years), intravenous drug abuse (14 of 22 patients), preponderance of adenocarcinoma over other cell subtypes (11 of 22 patients), and advanced clinical stage at presentation (10 of 15 patients with staging data had Stage III or IV disease). This study also examines a possible increased risk for lung cancer in patients infected by HIV. Continued surveillance and reporting of lung tumors (other than lymphomas and Kaposi sarcomas) in patients infected by HIV should help to define the frequency of the association and the validity of the clinical profile.
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PMID:Lung cancer in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 161 92

Thirty-nine patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were enrolled in a study to identify potential age-related changes in organ system function that may help explain the apparent association between age and poor outcome in these patients. Criteria for enrollment included an arterial PO2-to-inspired O2 concentration ratio less than or equal to 200 in a clinical setting consistent with ARDS. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 yr old, had clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure, were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus, or had stage II metastatic lung cancer. Patients were divided into two groups: those less than 60 yr old (mean 42 +/- 3 yr, n = 17) and those greater than or equal to 60 yr old (73 +/- 2 yr, n = 16). A group of six patients was analyzed as a separate subset based on a body temperature less than or equal to 97.5 degrees F at enrollment (hypothermic patients, 73 +/- 4 yr old). Sepsis was present in 67% of the nonhypothermic patients and in all the hypothermic patients. Mortality rates were 12% in the patients less than 60 yr and 69% in the nonhypothermic patients greater than or equal to 60 yr. All the hypothermic patients died. Sequential data obtained over 6 days were compared within and between groups. The following results were obtained. 1) The ratio of arterial PO2 to inspired O2 fraction was greater and the positive end-expiratory pressure used was significantly less in the patients greater than or equal to 60 yr old compared with the younger group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Physiology of aging related to outcome in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. 224 69

The authors describe the clinical and radiographic findings of lung carcinoma in six patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These patients were in a younger age group than is commonly associated with lung cancer. The radiographic findings included mediastinal adenopathy (n = 5), hilar masses with distal atelectasis (n = 3), parenchymal masses (n = 3), pleural effusions (n = 2), and pleural thickening (n = 1). Recognition of any of these findings should raise the diagnostic possibility of lung cancer in this group of younger patients.
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PMID:Lung cancer in patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. 232 58

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 19,000 persons with initial cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic system in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Significant excesses for all second cancers were observed among patients with leukemia (34%), Hodgkin's disease (70%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (25%), and multiple myeloma (24%). In general, the risk of second cancers was greater in males than in females, even for cohorts not showing an excess of surveillance-related prostate cancer. Among patients with leukemia, significant excesses of cancers of the lung, kidney/ureter, and prostate were noted; cutaneous melanoma was elevated only in males. These excesses did not persist in the small number of long-term survivors. Possible etiologic factors included tobacco smoking for lung and kidney cancers, medical surveillance artifact for prostate cancer, and immunosuppression for malignant melanoma and lung cancer. The large number and good prognoses of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia strongly influenced the pattern of second cancers when all leukemias were analyzed together; no evidence was found for an increased risk of second cancer in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. A disproportionate number of subsequent cancers, particularly those of the kidney and ureter, were diagnosed incidentally at autopsy. Patients with Hodgkin's disease displayed significant excesses of cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx, lung, female breast, and thyroid. The latter 3 sites remained significantly elevated in long-term survivors (10 yr or more postdiagnosis), so that radiation therapy may have contributed to their development. Among persons with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cancers of the stomach, lung, brain, and connective tissue occurred excessively. The first 3 sites, plus cancers of the urinary bladder, remained elevated among long-term survivors. The brain cancer excess, not previously reported, may represent misclassification of central nervous system lymphoma. The risk of gastric cancer is reminiscent of similar findings in patients with both acquired and genetically determined immunodeficiency disorders. The alkylating agent, cyclophosphamide, used extensively in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is known to cause bladder cancer in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Second cancer following lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 98


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