Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a newly recognized virus-associated lesion of oral mucosa that occurs in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Studies have demonstrated Epstein-Barr virus within epithelial cells of HL. The authors examined 12 cases of HL by transmission electron microscopy to compare the use of a negative staining technique versus routine plastic embedment for the detection of viruses. Herpes-type virions were identified by both methods in 11 cases. One case had negative results for viruses by both methods. Negative staining is a simple and rapid technique that compares favorably with plastic embedment in the detection of herpes-type virions in HL.
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PMID:Ultrastructural detection of herpes-type virions by negative staining in oral hairy leukoplakia. 245 33

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is an oral white lesion associated with, and probably caused by, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) among persons who are seropositive for infection with human immunodeficiency virus. A unique feature of HL is its localization to the lateral portion of the tongue. To determine site differences for EBV receptors according to epithelial phenotype, these receptors were mapped in oral mucosa with the use of monoclonal antibodies HB5 and B2(specific for the Complement Fraction 3d/EBV receptor on B lymphocytes). Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques were employed with the use of both cytologic suspensions and frozen tissue sections of oral epithelium. Pericellular plasma membrane immunoreactants were localized to upper spinous layer cells of the parakeratin phenotype; basal and parabasilar layers as well as all strata of orthokeratinized epithelia were negative. Those cells harboring EBV DNA as detected by in situ hybridization corresponded to cells with C3d/EBV receptors.
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PMID:Hairy leukoplakia: Epstein-Barr virus receptors on oral keratinocyte plasma membranes. 247 Nov 27

Hairy leukoplakia (HL) is an Epstein-Barr virus-associated lesion of the oral mucosa that occurs in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Ultrastructural studies have demonstrated herpes-type virions in 63-100% of cases of HL. In this investigation, incisional biopsy specimens from 52 consecutive patients with oral lesions clinically suspicious for HL were analyzed by light and electron microscopy to determine which light microscopic features correlated best with the presence of herpes-type virions ultrastructurally. The predominant histopathologic features consisted of irregular hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, koilocytoid cells, and an absence of significant inflammation. Candidal organisms and bacterial colonies were variable findings. Intranuclear inclusions, identical to Cowdry type A inclusions seen in other herpesvirus infections, were observed in 46 cases and demonstrated the best correlation with the presence of virions ultrastructurally (p less than 0.0001). Koilocytoid cells also had a statistically significant correlation with the presence of virions (p less than 0.001). We conclude that Cowdry type A inclusions are present in many cases of HL and that their presence, when combined with the other clinical and histologic findings in these lesions, is the most specific light microscopic feature of HL.
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PMID:Intranuclear inclusions correlate with the ultrastructural detection of herpes-type virions in oral hairy leukoplakia. 253 44

Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a remarkable lesion associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) found in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The clinical and histologic features of HL are characteristic and distinctive. However, none of these features are entirely specific for HL, and we consider that the presence of EBV is required for diagnosis in questionable cases. EBV can be demonstrated by means of electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, or molecular biologic techniques. Therapy directed toward the HL lesion is sometimes indicated; acyclovir is the current drug of preference in such cases.
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PMID:Oral hairy leukoplakia: diagnosis and management. 254 57

Hairy leukoplakia has been defined and confirmed as a specific oral mucosal marker for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Light microscopic findings include alteration of spinous layer cells, which contain nuclear chromatin abnormalities. Enlargement of spinous cells with ballooning degeneration is also characteristic. Ultrastructural morphology has defined the presence of large numbers of herpes-type virus particles within the intranuclear, cytoplasmic, and intercellular regions. Morphologically, the criteria of Epstein-Barr virus are satisfied. Southern blot analysis has confirmed the virus to be Epstein-Barr virus. Further hybridization analyses failed to show any evidence of human immunodeficiency virus or human papillomavirus in the lesions themselves. We conclude that hairy leukoplakia may represent an epithelial opportunistic Epstein-Barr virus infection. Finally, the production and shedding of Epstein-Barr virions into the oral cavity from the sites of hairy leukoplakia can occur separate from the usual tonsillar and oropharyngeal sites.
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PMID:Hairy leukoplakia: an AIDS-associated opportunistic infection. 254 58

Oral hairy leukoplakia is seen in immunosuppressed persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and is a predictor of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in that population. Over the past 3 years we have seen 16 examples of a lesion that histologically resembles hairy leukoplakia but is found in patients who are not in risk groups for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. All these specimens tested negative for Epstein-Barr virus DNA and for human papillomavirus antigen. Sera from five of the 16 patients were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, and all results were negative. These findings suggest that the diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia cannot be based on histologic criteria alone but should be verified by DNA in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus.
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PMID:Oral lesions mimicking hairy leukoplakia: a diagnostic dilemma. 254 60

The course of infections with herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus in an immunosuppressed patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation and had tested seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus is described. The clinical oral manifestations were unusual, as they included hairy leukoplakia-like lesions and extensive mucosal ulceration. Histologic examination disclosed unique features consisting of both lichenoid and viral cytopathic changes. The association of the lesions with both Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus was confirmed by in situ hybridization histochemistry. The importance of recognition of the symptoms, specific diagnosis by DNA hybridization, and implications for antiviral prophylaxis and therapy are emphasized.
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PMID:EBV and HSV infections in a patient who had undergone bone marrow transplantation: oral manifestations and diagnosis by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. 255 31

The oral cavity is the site for a number of diseases associated with an infection of the human immunodeficiency virus. Often the oral lesions may appear before the establishment of an AIDS diagnosis; and occasionally, the diagnosis may depend solely on the oral manifestations. The most commonly reported oral infections are those caused by Candida albicans and the herpes simplex virus. Hairy leukoplakia, a newly described lesion, may also be of viral origin. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequently reported oral malignancy in patients with AIDS. Oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas have also been reported.
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PMID:[AIDS and the oral cavity]. 263 31

Knowledge of the ever increasing spectrum in cutaneous pathology caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is essential for the clinician examining high-risk individuals as well as patients presenting with recent suspicious cutaneous/mucocutaneous lesions. Timely diagnosis of the unique lesions associated with developing immunodeficiency (such as Kaposi's sarcoma and oral hairy leukoplakia)--as well as the often atypical and overlapping infections and neoplastic and allergic manifestations--is critical in order to initiate the appropriate treatment that may prove life saving and help extend the lives of individuals struck by infection with HIV.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection. 267 Mar 78

Oral hairy leukoplakia (HL) is a newly described lesion (1984) in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients. Patients with HL show a high probability of developing an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The results of histopathological, microbiological, immunological and ultrastructural studies in five patients with HL and AIDS are reported. The histopathological exam revealed in all cases acanthosis, parakeratosis, koilocytosis and keratin projections on the surface. Dermis was normal. Herpes type virus were seen in four cases and in one of them papilloma virus was also present in electron microscopic examination. There was immunocytochemical evidence of papilloma virus in one lesion. Candida albicans was found in 5 lesions by culture but only in two ones by periodic acid Schiff stain. Virus cultures for herpes virus were negative. Immunocytochemical search of Langerhans cells (S-100, HLA-DR, OKT4, OKT6) showed nearly absence of these cells in HL lesions. These results favour the viral etiology hypothesis of hairy leukoplakia.
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PMID:[Oral hairy leukoplakia. A study of 5 cases]. 269 22


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