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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal mucosal biopsy immunoglobulin content in a patient with eosinophilia, allergic gastroenteropathy (atopy, food sensitivities, protein-losing enteropathy, iron deficiency anemia, and growth retardation), and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (68,000 units) was compared with that of a control group and a group with eosinophilic gastroenteritis who had no atopic features. The patient had no evidence of cellular or humoral immunodeficiency but was severely hypersensitive to multiple inhalant and dietary allergens. In contrast to the findings in patients with nonallergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis, whose intestinal immunoglobulin content was similar to that of controls, tissue immunoglobulin IgE and IgG was markedly increased in the allergic patient. These results support an intestinal reaginic mechanism in the etiology of the allergic form of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in extreme allergy. Immunopathological comparison with nonallergic gastrointestinal disease. 45 50

This study attempts to evaluate the adequacy of the erythropoietin (EPO) response in 42 anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [30 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 with AIDS-related conditions] by comparing their serum EPO levels with those found in a non-HIV reference population consisting of 36 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD) and 57 with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Although the average Hb concentration was similar in the three groups, the EPO level for HIV patients (mean +/- SEM, 64.3 +/- 7.7 mU/ml) did not differ significantly from that in ACD patients (45.3 +/- 8.3 mU/ml, P > 0.1), and both groups had a lower mean EPO level (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) than IDA subjects (133.5 +/- 18.7 mU/ml). Thirteen HIV patients on zidovudine therapy showed similar mean Hb and EPO levels to those in the untreated patients. A significant inverse correlation between the log of serum EPO and the Hb values was observed in the three groups. However, this relationship was found to be stronger in IDA patients than in either HIV or ACD subjects (P < 0.001), with no difference between the two latter groups (P > 0.2). These data suggest that the EPO response is blunted in the anaemia associated with advanced HIV infection.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin levels in anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. 148 42

The aetiology of severe anaemia (haemoglobin less than 7.0 g dl-1) has been studied in 37 pregnant Zambians. Aetiology was usually multiple; 31 (84%) had Plasmodium falciparum malaria, 23 (62%) were folate deficient, 13 (35%) were iron deficient, one had sickle-cell anaemia and one had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Folate deficiency was most often secondary to malarial haemolysis: iron deficiency was nutritional, but hookworm was contributory in about one-third of patients. The anaemia of malaria and folate deficiency was both more common and more severe than anaemia due to iron deficiency; it was seen in younger women although primigravidae were not over-represented, it occurred earlier in pregnancy, and was associated with low birthweight. AIDS must now be included in the differential diagnosis of anaemia in pregnancy. Vigorous antimalarial treatment and prophylaxis are essential in the management and prevention of anaemia in pregnancy. Total dose iron infusion is indicated only when severe iron deficiency anaemia has been proven, and must be accompanied by antimalarial therapy and folic acid supplements. Because of the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, it is more important than ever to prevent anaemia and malaria in pregnancy, and to give blood transfusion only as a life-saving treatment.
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PMID:The aetiology of severe anaemia in pregnancy in Ndola, Zambia. 268 77

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (SIE) and hemoglobin levels were measured in 152 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Anemia was present in 18% of asymptomatic patients who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, 50% of patients with a condition related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and 75% of patients with AIDS. The mean SIE level for untreated AIDS patients (26.2 +/- 2.4 mU/mL) was greater than for patients who tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus or patients with an AIDS-related condition but not outside the normal range for SIE (4 to 26 mU/mL), and the incremental increase in SIE level for a given decline in hemoglobin level was much less in AIDS patients than in patients with uncomplicated iron deficiency anemia. Forty-two patients were treated with zidovudine, and the hemoglobin level fell 10 g/L or more in 48%. In contrast to the untreated patients, however, the mean SIE level rose 10-fold to 214 mU/mL, and the incremental change in SIE level for a given decline in hemoglobin level was markedly increased. In the zidovudine-treated patients, erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume also rose significantly from a mean of 88.1 fL to 102 fL. However, in only 1 patient was there a corresponding increase in reticulocytes and in none was there amelioration of anemia. The data indicate that SIE level is inappropriately low in anemic AIDS patients. The ability of these patients to produce erythropoietin is intact and can be expressed with zidovudine therapy. However, even very high levels of SIE fail to stimulate erythropoiesis adequately.
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PMID:Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin in HIV-infected patients. 271 42

To determine the characteristics of blood donors in western Venezuela, we collected data from 1983 to 1985 on 31,320 volunteer donors at the Blood Bank of the State of Zulia in Maracaibo. Fifty-nine percent of the donors were blood group O, 30 percent were group A, 9 percent were group B, and 2 percent were group AB. Most of the donors (93%) were Rh positive. One percent of donors had positive reactions to hepatitis B surface antigen, 3.15 percent for syphilis, 1.43 percent for antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi, and 0.32 percent to human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. About one-half of the donors were between 18 and 30 years old, and only 10 percent were women. To determine if iron deficiency anemia was a cause for the small size of the female donor pool, we measured serum ferritin in 50 first-time female donors. Ten of these (20%) had serum ferritin values below normal, and the distribution of serum ferritin levels of all 50 was very similar to that reported for frequent donors in Europe and the United States, with a clustering of ferritin values between 10 and 70 ng per ml. The data indicate that blood donors in western Venezuela are markedly different from those in the United States and that iron supplementation may be indicated for female Venezuelan donors.
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PMID:Characteristics of a donor population in western Venezuela. 368 59

A 7-month-old infant presented at a tertiary centre with a 6-day history of a skin rash, fever and diarrhoea. Clinical features included pyrexia, kwashiorkor, extensive ulcerating skin lesions suggestive of ecthyma gangrenosum, hepatomegaly, meningismus, neutropenia and iron deficiency anaemia. Blood and skin aspirate cultures yielded a positive growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Apart from severe protein energy malnutrition, no other causes of immunodeficiency were found. He responded well to parenteral antibiotic therapy with gentamicin and piperacillin.
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PMID:Community-acquired Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in an infant. 889 49

The article gives an analysis of certain parameters characterizing cell-mediated and humoral immunity in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). At the onset of treatment the immunologic vigor in IDA patients was characterized by a reduction in the relative number of T-lymphocytes and their helper subpopulation while after the treatments administered there was a rise in the relative numbers of B-lymphocytes against the background of presence of B-helper deficiency with the T-lymphocyte counts having returned to normal. Changes revealed in the T-lymphocyte system in IDA patients may suggest formation of early secondary immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[An analysis of the immunity indices of patients with iron-deficiency anemia]. 1092 Dec 67

The relationships among hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin receptor levels and 2 markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease severity--HIV load and CD4(+) lymphocyte count--were characterized among 483 pregnant women in Malawi, Africa. The only significant correlation was an inverse correlation between hemoglobin level and plasma HIV load (r=-.104; P<.03). The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was not significantly different across quartiles of HIV load or CD4(+) lymphocyte count. In contrast to previous studies, these data suggest that iron status is not related to markers of HIV disease severity in pregnant women in Africa.
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PMID:Iron status and indicators of human immunodeficiency virus disease severity among pregnant women in Malawi. 1171 3

We report the immunologic and virologic response of iron deficiency anemia in two cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The findings of this report suggest that caution be exercised in prescribing iron supplements to HIV-infected patients. The treatment of iron deficiency anemia should be combined with antiretroviral agents in people living with HIV/AIDS to avoid adverse immunologic and virologic consequences.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia in HIV infection: immunologic and virologic response. 1185 49

Although anemia is a common finding among human immunodeficiency (HIV)-infected infants in sub-Saharan Africa, the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of anemia have not been well characterized. We sought to characterize the relative contribution of iron deficiency and chronic disease to the anemia among infants. Hemoglobin, ferritin, erythropoietin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), neopterin, CD4(+) lymphocyte count and plasma HIV load were measured in 165 HIV-infected and 39 uninfected 9-mo-old infants seen in an outpatient pediatric clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Among HIV-infected and uninfected infants, the prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) was 90.9 and 76.9%, respectively (P = 0.015), and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L and ferritin < 12 microg/L) was 44.3 and 45.4%, respectively (P = 0.92). The relatively higher prevalence of anemia among HIV-infected infants was attributed to the anemia of chronic disease. Among infants with and without iron deficiency, the fitted regression line was log(10) plasma erythropoietin = 2.86 - 0.016.hemoglobin, and log(10) plasma erythropoietin = 4.11 - 0.028.hemoglobin, respectively, with a difference in the slope of the regression lines between log(10) erythropoietin and hemoglobin among infants with and without iron deficiency (P = 0.049). Infants in Uganda have an extremely high prevalence of anemia, and nearly half of the anemia is due to iron deficiency. The erythropoietin response to anemia appears to be upregulated among infants with iron deficiency.
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PMID:Iron deficiency anemia is highly prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected infants in Uganda. 1188 May 66


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