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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral lesions of opportunistic infections and neoplasms are associated with immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These include oral candidiasis, viral lesions such as warts, herpes simplex, herpes zoster and hairy leukoplakia, as well as Kaposi's sarcoma and an aggressive form of periodontal disease. Many of these can occur as the first clinical signs of HIV infection. Thus, careful oral examination is an important part of the clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Oral mucosal manifestations of AIDS? 331 52

Two patients with Netherton's syndrome are presented who, in addition to the classical triad of trichorrhexis invaginata, ichthyosis linearis circumflexa and atopy, exhibit signs of reduced cellular immunity (negative skin tests to a battery of microbial antigens, impaired stimulation of lymphocytes with various mitogens and widespread viral warts resembling epidermodysplasia verruciformis). One patient had a squamous cell carcinoma possibly arising from a viral wart. It is suggested that Netherton's syndrome is part of the group of immunodeficiency syndromes with atopy-like symptoms.
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PMID:[Netherton syndrome: weakened immunity, generalized verrucosis and carcinogenesis]. 745 Nov 48

The incidence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) was studied in a group of 210 homosexual and bisexual men. The presence of genital warts and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was assessed as risk factors for the development of AIN. In all, 74 (35 per cent) of the group had histological evidence of AIN. The relative risk of being positive for HIV on AIN (relative to being negative for HIV) was 1.58 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.01-2.48). The relative risk of anal warts on AIN (relative to absence of anal warts) was 4.70 (95 per cent c.i. 1.81-12.20). Logistic regression analysis showed no significant interactive effect between HIV and anal warts on the risk of AIN. It is concluded from the results of a Mantel-Haenzel analysis that the presence of anal warts and HIV infection are independent risk factors for the development of AIN in homosexual and bisexual men.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and genital warts as risk factors for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in homosexual men. 761 88

Many nondermatologist physicians have become skilled at identifying and treating certain human immunodeficiency virus-related skin diseases. They are reserving referrals primarily for diagnostically or therapeutically challenging skin disorders. Our purpose was to study the reasons for referral of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, and to review the management of select diseases. One-hundred and fifty human immunodeficiency virus-positive outpatients were evaluated consecutively for cutaneous diseases that prompted their referrals by nondermatologist physicians. The three most common reasons for referral were eczematous dermatoses (32 percent), molluscum contagiosum (24 percent), and Kaposi's sarcoma (21 percent). There are differences in the prevalence of cutaneous disorders in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients referred for dermatologic intervention compared to that in the general human immunodeficiency virus-positive population. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis, dermatophytosis, and xerosis were less commonly referred than expected based on their reported prevalence in the general human immunodeficiency virus-positive population. In contrast, molluscum contagiosum, warts, and Kaposi's sarcoma were seen more frequently in our referred cohort.
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PMID:Cutaneous diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients referred to the UCLA Immunosuppression Skin Clinic: reasons for referral and management of select diseases. 772 63

The Human Papilloma Virus is often involved in the pathogenesis of cervical lesions. A local or systemic immunodeficiency allows neoplasia outbreaks. We do not know if immunodepression only allows the virus to persist, or if the HPV induces a local immunodeficiency. Large warts are often associated with pregnancy, but cervical cancers are not increased in pregnant women. Induced immunodeficiency (among transplanted patients), or AIDS increase the rate of CIN and cervical cancers. The more serious the immunodeficiency is, the more multifocal and recurrent the lesions are. We have to look for an immunodepression and for AIDS when we observe multifocal or recurrent lesions of the cervix, specially when the lesions do not regress under correct treatment. Immunodeficient women would benefit from closer care of their cervix. We think that combine therapy (e.g. laser and local interferon) would be more efficient in case of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[Cervical pathology and immunodepression]. 782 39

Data from a young adult man with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) and multiple metachronous spinaliomas in the head and neck region are presented. Diagnosis of this rare, human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated disease was based on: (1) Typical skin lesions, including viral warts, verruca plana-type lesions and pityriasis versicilor; (2) typical histological features, including "foamy giant keratinocytes"; (3) evidence of HPV 5, 8 and 20 in pityriasis versicilor-like lesions; (4) a cellular immunodeficiency due to a relative T-helper-cell deficit. No specific treatment of EV is known, so that therapy concentrates on early removal of spinaliomas and treatment of intercurrent infections. Since EV patients have numerous benign skin lesions and frequently develop metastatic and non-metastatic carcinomas, molecular changes of HPV during carcinogenesis can be studied.
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PMID:Multiple metachronous skin squamous cell carcinomas and epidermodysplasia verruciformis in the head region: a human papilloma virus-associated disease. 784 44

The full range and occurrence of medical conditions in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before they develop illnesses that define acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have not been systematically or completely described. In a retrospective and prospective cohort study, 1,073 homosexual and bisexual men in three US cities were interviewed and examined twice per year from January 1988 to September 1992. Study participants were from San Francisco, California (273 HIV-seropositive and 432 HIV-seronegative men), Denver, Colorado (107 positive and 129 negative men), and Chicago, Illinois (54 positive and 78 negative men). A total of 305 HIV-positive men had specifiable dates of HIV seroconversion (mean of 15.3 months between the last negative and the first positive HIV antibody test). Besides much increased incidences of thrush (incidence relative risk (IRR) = 23.3) and hairy leukoplakia (IRR = 551), the following conditions also occurred significantly more frequently in HIV-positive men than in HIV-negative men: anal herpes (incidence density (ID) = 10.7/100 person-years; IRR = 7.7); sinusitis requiring antibiotics (ID = 6.2/100 person-years; IRR = 2.1); anal warts (ID = 5.8/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); seborrhea (ID = 3.8/100 person-years; IRR = 6.6); community-acquired pneumonia (ID = 1.4/100 person-years; IRR = 2.7); skin cancers (ID = 1.0/100 person-years; IRR = 2.2); and seizures, often apparently "breaking through" prior anticonvulsant therapy (ID = 0.8/100 person-years; IRR = 5.6). First episodes of hairy leukoplakia, thrush, and skin cancer occurred at low mean CD4 counts (mean counts were less than 350 cells/microliters) and late in HIV infection (mean times were more than 8 years after HIV seroconversion). Many medical problems, some not widely appreciated, occur in HIV-infected men before they develop AIDS-defining illnesses, signifying considerable morbidity from pre-AIDS HIV infection.
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PMID:The spectrum of medical conditions and symptoms before acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in homosexual and bisexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 853 42

The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence of oral lesions in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-negative women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with route of HIV transmission and with level of immunosuppression in infected women. As part of a prospective 4-year study, oral examinations and blood tests were performed, at 6-month intervals, on 176 HIV-infected women and on 117 HIV-negative women at risk for HIV infection. We evaluated participants for the following oral conditions: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, ulcers, warts, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and parotid enlargement. As previously reported in men, the prevalence of oral lesions was significantly higher among HIV-infected (22%) than HIV-negative women (3%) [odds ratio (OR) = 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 23.5], particularly candidiasis (14%) and hairy leukoplakia (10%). Among HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count nadir > or = 200 cells/microliters, the prevalence of hairy leukoplakia was higher among those infected heterosexually than among injection drug users (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.5; 19). The OR for the association between oral lesions and CD4 cell count nadir (< 200 vs. > 500 cells/microliters) was 8.9 (95% CI: 2.6, 30), indicating a strong positive association with level of immunosuppression.
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PMID:HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco. 791 33

This is a case report and family study of a 65-year-old man with chronic prurigo lesions, in whom we demonstrated a selective deficiency of circulating T-helper/inducer lymphocytes (CD4+), in the absence of any apparent predisposing disease. He is seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV types 1 and 2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), and fulfils the criteria for the syndrome of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. He has an atopic diathesis, has had a severe adult chickenpox infection, chronic staphylococcal infections, tinea pedis and recalcitrant warts. He has also suffered from respiratory infections, for which no specific aetiological agent has been identified. His peripheral total lymphocyte count has been persistently abnormal since it was first measured in 1969. He has a marked CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia. His son, who does not have any skin disorder, has a low CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia associated with chronic pruritic papules. 791 13

As women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will soon account for 1 in 500 gynecological patients in Great Britain, gynecologists have an obligation to become informed about the transmission, clinical manifestations, and management of HIV. Women with HIV infection are at increased risk of lower genital tract neoplasia with extensive cervical, vaginal, and vulvar lesions. There is also a strong association between HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases involving genital ulcerations. In fact, herpes, warts, and candidiasis may be the initial clinical presentation of HIV infection. Estradiol levels may fall in seropositive women, but, in general, menstruation and ovulation are maintained. Latex condoms remain the only contraceptive choice for HIV-infected women. Sufficient data have not been accumulated on the effectiveness of the female condom, but it has the potential of giving women in developing countries in particular greater control over HIV prevention. Condom use is essential even if both partners are HIV-positive since the acquisition of different HIV strains can accelerate disease progression. Given their higher risk of percutaneous in injury compared to other surgeons, gynecologists should use double gloving and blunt tipped needles and staples.
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PMID:HIV infection and the gynaecologist. 819 89


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