Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously reported on the assembly of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-like particles that contain gag structural proteins and present env glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 on their surfaces (O. Haffar,. J. Garriques, B. Travis, P. Moran, J. Zarling, and S.-L. Hu, J. Virol. 64:2653-2659, 1990). On the basis of their structures, we hypothesized that the recombinant particles would interfere with virus infection and tested our hypothesis in vitro by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV type 1-seropositive donors. Addition of the recombinant particles to PBMC concomitant with stimulation by anti-CD3 inhibited virus production, as determined by reduced levels of p24 in the culture supernatants. This inhibition of p24 production correlated with lower levels of cell-associated viral DNA. Several lines of evidence suggested that the recombinant particles exerted their antiviral effects primarily by inhibiting virus production from latently infected cells and not by inhibiting subsequent virus spread. Importantly, CD4+ T-cell stimulation by specific antigen or by anti-CD3 was not inhibited by treatment with the recombinant particles. This apparent selective inhibition of virus replication in infected PBMC represents a novel property of the recombinant HIV-like particles.
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PMID:Inhibition of virus production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive donors by treatment with recombinant HIV-like particles. 160 44

An infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes in the dermis and epidermis underlies the skin rash that commonly occurs as a primary manifestation of an AIDS virus infection. These cutaneous lymphocytes were characterized in simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)-infected rhesus monkeys. Skin rash-associated lymphocytes exhibited greater lysis of SIVmac-expressing target cells and a higher cloning efficiency for SIVmac-specific effector T cells than PBL. Moreover, both SIVmac envelope- and gag-specific CTL could be readily cloned from these skin rash-associated lymphocytes. In fact, the skin rash-associated CTL exhibited the same MHC restriction and epitope specificity as those CTL derived from PBL. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that the cutaneous infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys include SIVmac-specific CTL. Thus, whereas virus-specific CTL are likely to represent an important mechanism for controlling AIDS virus infections, they also may play a role in the pathogenesis of the skin lesions that occur after this infection.
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PMID:Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are present in the AIDS-associated skin rash in rhesus monkeys. 162 10

A cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the AIDS Regional Reference Center in Palermo, Italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. Sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the Center (1985), were tested as well. Some demographic and behavioral risk factors were studied in a subgroup of intravenous drug users enrolled in 1985, 1987, and 1990 for their possible association with HIV-1. These factors were also studied in relation to hepatitis B virus infection, since both viruses share the same modes of spread. These drug users had a higher prevalence of markers for hepatitis B virus than of HIV-1 antibodies, and the prevalence rates in sera collected declined over time for both infections. The presence of both antibodies to HIV-1 and markers for hepatitis B virus was independently associated with the age of the drug user, the duration of drug use, and the year of serum collection. Antibodies to HIV-1 were observed more frequently in females than in males. No relation was found between education or employment status and the presence of HIV-1 antibodies or hepatitis B virus markers. Although new HIV-1 infections still occur, the decline in seroprevalence observed at the end of the 1980s might be related to modifications in social behavior among newer drug users, partial exhaustion of the susceptible population, and increasing risk awareness in more experienced users.
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PMID:The changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. Results of a six-year seroprevalence study in Palermo, Italy. 162 37

Five (0.74%) of 678 women delivering in 1985 at a tertiary referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies and 16 (1.34%) of 1198 women visiting an urban prenatal obstetrics clinic in 1986-1987 had serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Unlinked testing (removal of personal identifiers from the blood specimen and the epidemiologic data sheet) of residual serum from hepatitis B virus serologic testing was used. Neither age, marital status, payor status, nor serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection was useful in identifying women at risk for HIV-1 infection. As a result of these data, we have initiated a program in which counseling is offered to all women and testing for those who consent. Unlinked testing of women who refuse consent is performed for epidemiologic purposes. This will allow us to continue to plan for health care resource needs and to track the course of the epidemic in various subgroups of pregnant women.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among pregnant women. 162 22

Abnormally elevated serum beta 2-microglobulin levels have been associated with progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease. In this study we have analyzed the relationship between serum beta 2-microglobulin levels of patients at different stages of the disease and serological and immunological parameters commonly used for monitoring the infection. The investigation was performed on 150 patients and 30 controls during the period from March 1989 to March 1990. At that time, 30 patients had the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or its related complex and 120 had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or were asymptomatic. Thirty-nine antibody-negative subjects, belonging to a high-risk group for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, were used as controls. All patients had normal renal function. There was a significant relationship between increased serum beta 2-microglobulin levels and the presence of p24 antigen, a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes (less than or equal to 1500/mm3) and a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes (less than or equal to 200/mm3). No significant relationship between serum beta 2-microglobulin levels and CD3+ T lymphocytes was found.
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PMID:Serum beta 2-microglobulin levels and p24 antigen, lymphocyte depletion and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus infection. 163 20

Strategies for coping with the inherent stressors of caring for the terminally ill are suggested, based on the authors' collective experiences caring for the terminally ill and current experiences working with those affected by human immunodeficiency virus disease.
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PMID:Common ground: the nurse's role in caring for terminally ill patients with cancer or human immunodeficiency virus disease. 164 80

Quality-assurance sera (QAS) are prepared from pooled sera composed of thousands of individual donations. Previous studies documented that a substantial percentage of individual QAS test positive for viral disease markers, including antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus and to hepatitis B surface antigen. We tested 239 QAS from various proficiency programs and commercial sources to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. We tested samples for anti-HCV by using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Abbott Labs.) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Ortho Diagnostics). We observed an overall positive rate of 49% by one or both assays in all categories of sera tested. In addition, we found a greater rate of positivity (58%) in proficiency program samples than in commercial samples (43%). We found discrepant results between the two assays for 15 of 239 samples (6%). In the discrepant samples, the EIA result was positive, whereas the ELISA result was negative. Anti-HCV positivity in QAS has important implications for laboratory personnel handling these samples.
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PMID:Prevalence of non-A, non-B hepatitis/hepatitis C virus antibody in laboratory quality-assurance sera. 164 89

Owing to similarities between human immunodeficiency virus and feline retroviruses, the feline model was chosen for the study to investigate the efficacy of timely topical treatment of accidental human immunodeficiency virus infection in the operating room. Cats were subcutaneously inoculated with either feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus. An effort was made to neutralize the virus in loco either by infiltration of the inoculation site with povidone-iodine or with monoclonal antibodies, or by cauterization and excision. The animals were periodically monitored for feline leukemia virus antigens or for feline immunodeficiency virus antibodies. The results indicated that in the feline model, the development of generalized virus infection may be prevented by local measures if applied immediately.
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PMID:Prevention of retrovirus infection after injury with contaminated instruments: an experimental study. 164 94

Many agents are associated with bone marrow failure, including toxins, inherited metabolic defects, ionizing radiation, and viral infection. In most cases, the etiologic agent is unknown. Many of these unclassified cases have symptomatic, immunologic, or epidemiologic similarities to viral infections. Viruses from different taxonomic families have been implicated in bone marrow failure syndromes, and they appear to cause hematosuppression by a variety of mechanisms. Some of the viruses involved in relatively well characterized suppressive interactions will be reviewed, including parovovirus B19, dengue, hepatitis viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Viruses and bone marrow failure. 165 29

To assess the risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus from mother to infant during pregnancy or at delivery, we measured the antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) in serum from 43 infants whose mothers took illicit drugs intravenously. Passively transmitted maternal anti-HCV was detected in 17 (40%) of the 43 infants tested with the ELISA during the first 4 postnatal months. Ten of these initially seropositive infants were followed to 15 months of age or beyond; anti-HCV cleared from nine infants and persisted in one. Among 24 initially seronegative infants, three (12.5%) showed persistent anti-HCV at 6, 11, and 18 months of age, respectively. The remaining two infants were initially tested with ELISA at 6 and 15 months of age; both were transiently seropositive, but anti-HCV disappeared by 12 and 24 months of age, respectively. Among the 17 infants with maternal antibody, nine with ELISA reactions greater than 2.5 optical density units were reactive by RIBA: the eight with weaker reactivity by ELISA were nonreactive by RIBA. When serum samples from the four infants who showed persistent reactivity by ELISA were tested with RIBA, one reacted to both antigens displayed by RIBA (C-100 and 5-1-1), one reacted to the 5-1-1 antigen only, and two were nonreactive. Serum transaminase values were elevated in three of these four infants; all four were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The results indicate that vertically transmitted hepatitis C virus may be a cause of hepatitis in infants, especially those coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Neonates at risk of hepatitis C virus infection should be monitored beyond 12 months of age. The interpretation of tests for anti-HCV antibody during infancy requires further investigation.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in infants whose mothers took street drugs intravenously. 196 Jun 8


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