Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents clinicoimmunological characterization or therapeutic efficacy of alpha-interferons produced in Russia and criteria of their administration in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. A 6 to 12 months course (single dose 1 x 10(6)-3 x 10(6) IU improves the disease running, hepatic function and corrects immune status in 55.6% of patients with chronic active hepatitis eventuating in liver cirrhosis and in 57.9% of patients in chronic active hepatitis of moderate activity. Alpha-interferons are indicated in chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis under high activity of cytolytic process, immunodeficiency, weak autoimmune process and protein shifts.
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PMID:[The interferon therapy of patients with chronic viral hepatitis: the factors affecting the treatment results]. 877 46

The timely facilitation of immunologic (immunoglobulin or vaccine) or antimicrobial prophylaxis is used in individuals who have been exposed to certain infectious diseases. Such methodology has been shown to be helpful in infections such as viral hepatitis types A and B, measles, varicella, rabies, and tuberculosis. The data supporting such use in rubella and mumps are not strong and information is still needed in hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, and Lyme borreliosis. This article reviews postexposure prophylaxis in these situations. Preventive strategies for meningococcal disease, group A streptococcus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis are discussed elsewhere in this issue.
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PMID:Postexposure prophylaxis. 895 74

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that promotes cell-mediated immunity by facilitating type 1 helper T-lymphocyte responses, inducing the secretion of interferon-gamma from both T and natural killer cells, enhancing the lytic activity of natural killer cells, and augmenting specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses. In addition, IL-12 can increase the production of some subclasses of IgG antibodies. IL-12 has been shown to have potent therapeutic effects in a number of animal models of tumours and infectious diseases, including several viral infections. These results have led to the initiation of clinical trials to evaluate the therapeutic potential of IL-12 in human cancer patients and in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The biological activities of IL-12 suggest that it may also have clinical utility in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B or C virus infections. Because of the lack of suitable animal models for evaluating the efficacy of IL-12 in the treatment of infections with these viruses, only a clinical trial in patients with chronic viral hepatitis can address the potential role of IL-12 as an effective treatment for these disorders.
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PMID:Interleukin-12: potential clinical applications in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. 909 76

Research has demonstrated that oral mucosal transudate (OMT), a serum-derived fluid that enters saliva from the gingival crevice and across oral mucosal surfaces, can be preferentially concentrated by a novel collecting system to yield detectable levels of immunoglobulins (i.e., IgG and IgM antibodies) against various bacterial and viral diseases. Assays based on OMT can aid in the diagnosis of disease and in the management of therapeutic drugs. A reliable and accurate OMT-based test to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies is commercially available. Additional tests based on similar technologies may aid in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis, measles, mumps, and rubella as well as in monitoring levels of therapeutic drugs such as theophylline. The future use of OMT-based testing will likely increase because of the inherent advantages of this technology: convenience; avoidance of inadvertent transmission of blood-borne pathogens; ease of use in pediatric and geriatric populations; as well as the potential for blood-free home and workplace collection of patient samples.
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PMID:Future applications of oral fluid specimen technology. 921 35

Jet injectors may transmit blood-borne infections, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To evaluate the safety of an anticontaminant disposable device which protects the jet injector apparatus, 22,714 healthy subjects were intradermally inoculated (38,162 inoculations) with a variety of vaccines. All the subjects were systematically followed-up clinically and epidemiologically for 6-18 months after inoculation; blood samples from 1619 subjects, before and 60-75 days after inoculation, were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV. Before vaccination 212 (13.09%) subjects were positive: 204 positive for HBV markers and eight for the HCV marker. None of the subjects were positive for the anti-HIV marker. During the clinico-epidemiological surveillance and the laboratory investigations mentioned above no clinical viral hepatitis B or C case and no seroconversion to positivity for HBV or HCV markers among the susceptible persons in the group were reported. Considering that in similar situations there is a theoretical risk of transmission as high as 1 per 388 to 1 per 3367 injections and that in our case 38,162 inoculations were performed in 22,714 subjects with the same Dermojet protected by the same type of anticontaminant disposable device, no contamination risk being reported, the conclusion can be reached that jet injectors can be safely used in the medical practice if they are protected by the sterile anticontaminant disposable device.
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PMID:A clinical, epidemiological and laboratory study on avoiding the risk of transmitting viral hepatitis during vaccinations with the Dermojet protected by an anticontaminant disposable device. 926 49

Deficits in cell-mediated immunity in AIDS result in a wide variety of hepatic complications, including granulomas, cytomegalovirus hepatitis, multimicrobial AIDS cholangiopathy, Kaposi's sarcoma, and lymphoma. Kupffer cells are the major hepatic target cell population for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus infection have served as a model for ultrastructural analysis of viral clearance by these cells. The majority of patients with established AIDS reveal abnormalities on serum liver tests. In these individuals, the differential diagnosis includes opportunistic infections and neoplasms, as well as possible concomitant chronic viral hepatitis B, C, D, and G, and drug hepatotoxicity. This article reviews the spectrum of hepatic pathology in AIDS and discusses the effects of HIV-1 infection on hepatitis virus infections.
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PMID:The liver in AIDS. 940 69

In the submitted review the authors present basic information on immunization against viral hepatitis B (VHB) in patients with chronic renal failure. These patients have a significantly lower response to the vaccine against VHB, due in particular to secondary immunodeficiency. Possible correction of this adverse situation can be achieved by modification of the immunization pattern (type and dosage of vaccine, the period and early time of vaccination, route of administration) and adjuvant immunomodulating therapy.
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PMID:[Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic renal failure]. 947 2

The clinical picture and the effects of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins of 14 adult patients (4 women, 10 men) with common variable immunodeficiency are presented. In most patients the disease began in the second decade of life (17.4 years on average), and the diagnosis was delayed by 7.5 years. Mean observation time was 38.5 months. Recurrent sinopulmonary infections were the most significant clinical feature and were observed in all patients, although chronic diarrhea and viral hepatitis, predominant of B type, were also frequently seen (both in 57% of patients). The diagnosis was made according to following criteria: frequent bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, serum IgG levels reduced below 300 mg/dl, (mean, 60.7 mg/dl), normal numbers of circulating B lymphocytes and exclusion of the secondary type hypogammaglobulinaemia. After 6 months of treatment with fresh plasma 20 ml/kg or intravenous immunoglobulins 200-400 mg/kg, mean serum IgG levels rose to 654 mg/dl. Treatment was clinically efficacious and markedly reduced the number of infections of the respiratory tract. The delay of the diagnosis, resulted in high rate of irreversible damage of respiratory tract observed in our group of patients.
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PMID:[Common variable immunodeficiency--analysis of the clinical aspects and results of substitution treatment]. 948 14

Recently it has become urgent to establish a risk control system against emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Many of the emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases such as AIDS and viral hepatitis, are induced by viral infection via blood. The main causative agents of blood-born viral infection are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T cell leukemia virus type1 (HTLV1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human parvovirus B19. They play the main role in viral hospital infections. The risk of them being transmitted by the transfusion of screened blood is very low, but it is always possible that infection may occur in a window period even after extensive blood screening tests. EBV has been recognized as a less serious infectious agent than CMV. Nowadays, biotechnology has revealed the broad spectrum of EBV related diseases as chronic active EBV infection, compromised lymphoma, gastric carcinoma and other lymphoproliferative disorders. There would be some immunocompromised cases needed monitoring after transfusion/transplantation as same as CMV infection. Double infection or co-infection of EBV and CMV are shown to be occasional. The most important tasks for risk control of hospital acquired infectious diseases are to prevent second drug related AIDS and prion infection due to the transplantation of dura mata derived from patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and to prevent of needle stick infections. Therefore it is necessary to establish a network communication between clinical laboratories, institutes and public health organizations for more rapid and adequate care with rapid diagnosis by molecular analysis.
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PMID:[The blood-born viral infections]. 952 33

The diagnosis and management of infectious complications associated with injection drug use (IDU) are among some of the more challenging aspects of working with substance abusing populations. As the population of injection drug users age, we expect the number and severity of these complications to increase. Commonly seen infections, such as bacterial endocarditis and bacterial infections of bones, joints, and soft tissue, are now frequently complicated by concurrent immunodeficiency. Parenterally and sexually transmitted viral hepatitis is responsible for significant IDU morbidity and mortality. The human leukemia/lymphoma virus types I and II are increasing in prevalence in the IDU with uncertain long-term clinical effects. Immune dysfunction has been described in the IDU for decades, but the impact of host immune compromise on the transmission and the course of HIV-1 has yet to be fully appreciated. The integration of the treatment of substance abuse and its concurrent psychiatric disorders with the management of infectious complications, including immunodeficiency, promises to improve patient compliance with possible savings of overall medical costs.
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PMID:Current management of infectious complications in the injecting drug user. 956 47


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