Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Uveitis is a commonly misdiagnosed ophthalmic condition with a wide aetiological base and often the cause cannot be established. Uveitis can be associated with systemic diseases like feline infectious peritonitis, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus, lymphoma, toxoplasmosis and canine ehrlichiosis. The classification and general clinical signs of uveitis are discussed. Applicable clinical cases, manifestations and diagnostic methods of the selected diseases are mentioned, and a general approach to the treatment of uveitis is given.
 ...
PMID:Uveitis in dogs and cats: guidelines for the practitioner. 878 9

The true incidence of sarcoidosis in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is unknown. We report here 8 cases of sarcoidosis among 80 patients with CVID followed in our clinics, along with 22 well-documented cases reported in the literature. Sarcoidosis, therefore, represents an important entity to consider among patients with CVID who exhibit clinical, radiographic, laboratory, and biopsy findings compatible with sarcoidosis. Conversely, the diagnosis of CVID should be considered in patients with sarcoidosis who do not exhibit the characteristic hypergammaglobulinemia and who have a history of recurrent infections. Although many features of sarcoidosis are similar in patients with CVID to those in patients with sarcoidosis alone, there are many important differences. Patients with CVID in whom sarcoidosis develops present with hypogammaglobulinemia rather than hypergammaglobulinemia and have a higher prevalence of recurrent infections, thrombocytopenia, and splenic involvement. Steroids, in most cases, appeared helpful in reducing adenopathy and splenomegaly, improving uveitis, lowering serum alkaline phosphatase, and reversing hematologic abnormalities. The underlying pathophysiology responsible for the association of these 2 disorders in the same patient remains obscure. However, as more patients are identified, it may be possible to gain a better understanding of the immunologic defect responsible for the dual presentation of these 2 relatively uncommon diseases.
 ...
PMID:Sarcoidosis and common variable immunodeficiency. Report of 8 cases and review of the literature. 886 47

A 31-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented with herpes zoster ophthalmicus on the right. Five days after he began treatment for the zoster pseudodendrites and skin lesions, he developed superficial punctate keratitis, uveitis, and crusting skin lesions in the left eye. After treatment, the ocular lesions resolved in both eyes without incident. The bilateral manifestation of herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a result of the increased severity associated with immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.
 ...
PMID:Presumed bilateral herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an AIDS patient: a case report. 889 77

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) was the first retrovirus which was directly associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Infection with HTLV-I can also lead to various other diseases, e.g. HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and HTLV-I uveitis, possibly via induction of immunodeficiency or hyperreactivity against HTLV-I-infected cells. Epidemiological data have shown that patients who developed these diseases represent a small percentage of HTLV-I-infected individuals living in restricted geographical areas. The identification of HTLV-I-infected individuals using serological and DNA-diagnostic methods is important because knowledge of HTLV-I seropositivity may help to prevent the transmission between sexual partners, as well as transmission from mother to child and blood transfusion. It also assists in establishing a diagnosis of ATL, HAM/ TSP and other HTLV-I-associated diseases.
 ...
PMID:DNA diagnosis of HTLV-I. 905 68

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in feline uveitis by measuring IL-6 activity in the serum and aqueous humor of cats. Serum and aqueous humor was collected from clinically normal, random source cats (n = 10); clinically normal, specific-pathogen free cats experimentally inoculated with Toxoplasma gondii strain ME49 and sampled sequentially for 20 months (n = 4); and client-owned cats with uveitis (n = 27). Interleukin 6 activity was measured in each sample. Client-owned cats with uveitis were also evaluated for evidence of present or prior exposure to T. gondii, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline coronaviruses. Interleukin 6 activity was non-detectable or low in serum from cats of each group. Interleukin 6 activity was not detected in aqueous humor of clinically normal cats. Interleukin 6 activity was detected in 22/27 (81.5%) aqueous humor samples from cats with uveitis, with a range of 28.9 U ml(-1)-15702.9 U ml(-1) (mean = 1911.9 U ml[-1], SD = 3946.7 U ml[-1]). Serologic evidence of exposure to T gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, or a coronavirus was present in 21/27 (77.8%) cats with uveitis. Interleukin 6 was detected in the aqueous humor of 18/21 (85.7%) and 3/6 (50%) of the cats with and without serologic evidence of exposure to one to the infectious diseases, respectively. Statistically significant increases in mean IL-6 activity in aqueous humor were found for cats with any evidence of infection with T. gondii, for cats with T. gondii antigen in aqueous humor and for cats with coronavirus antibody titers > or = 1:100. Aqueous humor IL-6 activity was greater than corresponding serum IL-6 activity in 21/27 cats. These results show that IL-6 is produced intraocularly in some cats with uveitis and that IL-6 may be a mediator of uveitis in cats.
 ...
PMID:Elevated interleukin 6 activity in aqueous humor of cats with uveitis. 934 36

This study evaluated the tolerance and potential pharmacokinetic interactions between clarithromycin (500 mg every 12 h) and rifabutin (300 mg daily) in clinically stable human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers with CD4 counts of <200 cells/mm3. Thirty-four subjects were randomized equally to either regimen A or regimen B. On days 1 to 14, subjects assigned to regimen A received clarithromycin and subjects assigned to regimen B received rifabutin, and then both groups received both drugs on days 15 to 42. Of the 14 regimen A and the 15 regimen B subjects who started combination therapy, 1 subject in each group prematurely discontinued therapy due to toxicity, but 19 of 29 subjects reported nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. Pharmacokinetic analysis included data for 11 regimen A and 14 regimen B subjects. Steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters for single-agent therapy (day 14) and combination therapy (day 42) were compared. Regimen A resulted in a mean decrease of 44% (P = 0.003) in the clarithromycin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), while there was a mean increase of 57% (P = 0.004) in the AUC of the clarithromycin metabolite 14-OH-clarithromycin. Regimen B resulted in a mean increase of 99% (P = 0.001) in the rifabutin AUC and a mean increase of 375% (P < 0.001) in the AUC of the rifabutin metabolite 25-O-desacetyl-rifabutin. The usefulness of this combination for prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium infections is limited by frequent gastrointestinal adverse events. Coadministration of clarithromycin and rifabutin results in significant bidirectional pharmacokinetic interactions. The resulting increase in rifabutin levels may explain the increased frequency of uveitis observed with concomitant use of these drugs.
 ...
PMID:Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and clarithromycin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers. 951 44

Rifabutin is an effective drug in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Rare adverse effects have been described in non immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 35 year-old woman, negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who had an isolated pulmonary infection caused by MAC. Under Rifabutin (600 mg/day), Clarithromycin and Ethambutol, an uveitis, associated with a pseudojaundice and polyarthralgia, appeared, while pulmonary infection improved. Improvement of adverse effects was obtained with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, local steroid treatment for uveitis and lower doses of Rifabutin (300 mg/day). Those adverse effects have not been previously described with this dose of Rifabutin in a non HIV patient. The mechanism remained unknown. The decrease of Rifabutin doses associated with symptomatic treatments allow the preservation of an effective treatment for MAC infection.
 ...
PMID:[Uveitis, arthralgia and pseudo-jaundice in a HIV seronegative patient due to rifabutin]. 960 93

A 42-year-old man with uveitis and a widespread cutaneous eruption, histopathologically characterized by dermal granulomatous infiltrates with perineurial invasion, was incorrectly diagnosed and treated as having borderline leprosy. Further studies demonstrated secondary syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Standard penicillin therapy resolved his cutaneous and ocular lesions. Reports on clinical and pathological findings of active syphilis in HIV infected patients are scarce but this case and isolated previous case reports suggest that granulomatous infiltrates might be a common feature in secondary syphilis with short evolution in HIV infected patients.
 ...
PMID:Syphilis in an HIV infected patient misdiagnosed as leprosy. 1018 46

A 6-year-old castrated mixed-breed cat was evaluated because of unilateral anterior uveitis. The cat was seronegative for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, coronaviruses, and feline immunodeficiency virus, and antigens for FeLV p27 and Cryptococcus neoformans. Antibodies to Bartonella spp were detected in serum and aqueous humor. The antibody coefficient (C value) for IgG antibodies to Bartonella spp in the aqueous humor was 4.42; values > 1 suggest ocular production of antibodies and supports a diagnosis of ocular infection. Topical administration of prednisolone and oral administration of prednisone failed to induce a response; however, the uveitis resolved rapidly after the cat was given doxycycline orally. Clinical or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency in this cat was not detected. Detection of a serum IgG antibody titer to Bartonella spp and ocular production of IgG antibodies to Bartonella spp, exclusion of other causes of uveitis, and response to doxycycline suggests that the cat may have had bartonellosis resulting in uveal tract inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Bartonella spp infection as a possible cause of uveitis in a cat. 1021 84

A 26-year-old male patient with mitral valve prolapse and HLA-B27 antigen received endodontic treatment for dental caries. Two weeks later fever, dysuria, diarrhea, sterile inflammatory arthritis of lower limbs, enthesitis, dactylitis, conjunctivitis, and uveitis consecutively developed. Blood culture performed at the time of active arthritis yielded Streptococcus viridans. He did not have any history of psoriasis, acute infectious diarrhea, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, or sexually transmitted diseases. Laboratory studies also excluded the possibility of infections by human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B or C virus, chlamydia, and streptococci from the upper airway. This report indicates that Streptococcus viridans can be the triggering microorganisms of Reiter's syndrome in some circumstances.
 ...
PMID:Reiter's syndrome caused by Streptococcus viridans in a patient with HLA-B27 antigen. 1089 81


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>