Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

IUDs have assumed increasing importance as contraceptives. Better design and use of new materials has increased their safety and reduced their side effects. However, pathological problems are constantly reported in literature. They include menstrual alterations (menometrorrhagia), pelvic infection, ectopic pregnancies, and perforation of the uterus. Results of research conducted at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic at the University of Pavia are reported. The pathogenesis and etiology of cervico-vaginitis, actinomyces infections, PID and septic abortion in patients using IUDs were examined. It is concluded that the use of the spiral IUD is contraindicated for women affected by immunodeficiency and for patients with diseases that require therapy with anti-inflammatory agents. Special attention should be given to nulliparous patients with cardiovalvular problems and to patients during the immediate postpartum period. The importance of performing a bacteriological cervico-vaginal examination before the insertion of the IUD is stressed. Aside from common aerobic germs, the patient should be examined for anaerobic germs and agents of sexually transmitted diseases. Any form of cervico-vaginitis should be treated prior to insertion. A bacteriological checkup should be performed continually in order to prevent possible phlogistic as well as asymptomatic or minor symptomatic complications. The IUD should be replaced within 2 years of insertion. If infections occur, the device must be removed and an antibiotic therapy initiated.
 ...
PMID:[IUD and gynecological infections]. 357 47

Thirty-five women aged 40 to 79 years with the carcinoma of the body of the uterus were before treatment examined for humoral immunity to find out if the diminished function of the immunological system and immunodeficiency lead to an increased proneness to malignant diseases. Concentrations of total serum proteins, electrophoresis of proteins, and the quantitative determination of G-, A-, and M- immunoglobulins were performed. Lower mean values of IgG (11.94 g/L) and IgA (1.91 g/L) were observed, whereas IgM concentrations did not reveal a statistically significant difference compared with healthy women. The classes, light and heavy chains, as well as immunoglobulin fragments were investigated by immunoelectrophoresis with monospecific antisera. The results revealed a significant accumulation of certain parts of the immunoglobulin molecule, such as gamma heavy chains (in 63% of patients), kappa (77%) and lambda light chains (37%), and fragments--Fab (37%), Fc (57%) i Fd (40%), showing no antibody properties in comparison with the control group of healthy women.
 ...
PMID:[Immunoglobulins in women with cancer of the uterine body (before treatment)]. 650 26

We have studied the incidence and characteristics of associated neoplasms in 210 ATL patients. Twelve patients had other primary neoplasms and the incidence of double cancer was 5.7%. The additional malignancies in ATL patients consisted of 4 cases of stomach, 3 cases of colon and one of each lung, ovary, uterus, liver and bladder cancer. In metachronous double cancer patients, the neoplasm was found before the time of diagnosis of ATL in 5 out of 6 patients. Immunodeficiency due to HTLV-I infection as well as chemotherapy for the preceding neoplasm are suggested to be related to the leukemogenesis of ATL.
 ...
PMID:[Double cancer in patients with adult T cell leukemia]. 756 15

Endometriosis consists of the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. A rat model of endometriosis is available to evaluate the potential for environmental chemicals to promote the disease but may be relatively insensitive for the evaluation of the hazard of certain compounds. Our objective, which was to develop a mouse model for endometriosis, was based on (a) the promotion of endometriosis in primates by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), (b) the apparent relationship between endometriosis and immunodeficiency, and (c) evidence that humoral immunity is suppressed in mice but not rats following TCDD exposure. In the mouse model, slices of uterus were sutured to intestinal mesenteric vessels. By 3 weeks after surgery, these sites were cyst-like structures. The growth of the sites was hormone dependent. In intact mice, sites measured 3.60 +/- 0.22 mm; vehicle and estrone (0.5 microgram/day) treatments produced site diameters of 0.95 +/- 0.128 and 5.28 +/- 0.355 mm, respectively. This new mouse model provides a sensitive and useful technique for future studies of the potential for specific xenobiotics to promote the development of endometriosis.
 ...
PMID:Induction of endometriosis in mice: a new model sensitive to estrogen. 757 7

Since 1976, we have performed more than 240 fetal tissue transplants (FLTs) to treat 63 patients with severe immunodeficiency disease (IDD), with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), or with severe aplastic anemia. In both IDD and IEM, FLT into postnatal recipients has demonstrated beneficial effects (67%) of the patients were either cured or improved significantly). In 1988, we developed in utero FLT into human fetuses, taking advantage of the immunological tolerance of young fetuses. The transplants have involved fetuses suffering from various diseases at 12-28 weeks postfertilization with 2 of the 6 cases eventually resulting in abortion. With the 4 other fetuses, a favorable outcome was observed: 3 children are now more than 4 years old, and are alive and well with evidence of engraftment, reconstitution of immunity, and partial correction of beta zero thalassemia. In the fourth case, the fetus is alive and well and birth is expected soon. In utero transplantation of stem cells is a therapy with remarkable advantages: (a) tolerance induction due to the immune immaturity of the host, (b) lack of graft-versus-host disease due to the immaturity of the donor, (c) ideal isolation of the fetus in the maternal uterus, and (d) an optimal environment for donor fetal cell development in the vicinity of host fetal cells and growth factors.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of human fetuses and induction of immunological tolerance in humans by in utero transplantation of stem cells into fetal recipients. 887 6

Viable tissue sections and isolated cell cultures from the human fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and vaginal mucosa were examined for susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We examined infectivity by using the monocytotropic strain HIV-1(JR-FL) and several primary isolates of HIV-1 obtained from infected neonates. HIV-1 infection was measured by p24 production in short-term culture and by immunofluorescence detection of HIV-1 Nef and p24 proteins by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Three-color immunofluorescence was used to phenotype HIV-infected cells within tissue sections from each site. Our findings indicate that epithelial, stromal, and dendritic cells and cells with CD14+ CD4+, CD14-CD4-, and CD4+ CD14- phenotypes from the female reproductive tract are infectable with HIV-1. Of importance is the finding that tissues from the upper reproductive tract are susceptible to infection with HIV-1. Moreover, tissue samples from women in all stages of the menstrual cycle, including postmenopausal women (inactive), could be infected with HIV-1. Female reproductive tract cells required a minimum of 60 min of exposure to HIV-1 in order for infection to occur, in contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes, which became infected after being exposed to HIV-1 for only 1 min. These findings demonstrate that HIV-1 can infect cells and tissues from different sites within the female reproductive tract and suggest that multiple cell types, including epithelial cells, may be targets for the initial infection by HIV-1.
 ...
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cells and tissues from the upper and lower human female reproductive tract. 909 21

Chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) consists of the env, vpu, tat, and rev genes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) on a background of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). We derived a SHIV that caused CD4+ cell loss and AIDS in pig-tailed macaques (S. V. Joag, Z. Li, L. Foresman, E. B. Stephens, L. J. Zhao, I. Adany, D. M. Pinson, H. M. McClure, and O. Narayan, J. Virol. 70:3189-3197, 1996) and used a cell-free stock of this virus (SHIV(KU-1)) to inoculate macaques by the intravaginal route. Macaques developed high virus burdens and severe loss of CD4+ cells within 1 month, even when inoculated with only a single animal infectious dose of the virus by the intravaginal route. The infection was characterized by a burst of virus replication that peaked during the first week following intravenous inoculation and a week later in the intravaginally inoculated animals. Intravaginally inoculated animals died within 6 months, with CD4+ counts of <30/microl in peripheral blood, anemia, weight loss, and opportunistic infections (malaria, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia). To evaluate the kinetics of virus spread, we inoculated macaques intravaginally and euthanized them after 2, 4, 7, and 15 days postinoculation. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry revealed cells expressing viral RNA and protein in the vagina, uterus, and pelvic and mesenteric lymph nodes in the macaque euthanized on day 2. By day 4, virus-infected cells had disseminated to the spleen and thymus, and by day 15, global elimination of CD4+ T cells was in full progress. Kinetics of viral replication and CD4+ loss were similar in an animal inoculated with pathogenic SHIV orally. This provides a sexual-transmission model of human AIDS that can be used to study the pathogenesis of mucosal infection and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines and drugs directed against HIV-1.
 ...
PMID:Animal model of mucosally transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease: intravaginal and oral deposition of simian/human immunodeficiency virus in macaques results in systemic infection, elimination of CD4+ T cells, and AIDS. 909 79

The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of underlying cervical and endometrial lesions among patients with atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGCUS) on the cytologic smear. Eighty-six patients with AGCUS, without evidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions, underwent coloposcopy and endocervical curettage (ECC) within 6 months of the initial finding. Endometrial samplings were performed in 25 patients. Coloposcopy, endocervical curettage, and endometrial biopsy results were reviewed. A significant lesion was defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and/or any structural or histologic abnormality of the cervix or uterus (i.e., polyp). Statistical analyses were performed using the t test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact tests comparing patients with underlying lesions to those without. A significant lesion(s) was identified in 21 (24.4%) patients, with 8 (9.3%) of the lesions being high-grade cervical neoplasias. An additional 14 (16.3%) patients, with negative initial work-ups, had underlying lesions or major cytologic abnormalities diagnosed on subsequent follow-up. All of the endometrial findings were benign. None of the following were statistically significant predictors of underlying pathology: age, gravidy, parity, medications, medical history, tobacco use, history of sexually transmitted diseases including human immunodeficiency virus, previous abnormal cytologic smear, concurrent diagnosis of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, or evidence of human papillomavirus. AGCUS is often associated with clinically important underlying lesions. Patients should therefore undergo colposcopy and ECC. Endometrial sampling and possible cervical conization should be performed when coloposcopic evaluation is nondiagnostic.
 ...
PMID:The clinical importance of atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance on the cytologic smear. 1107 38

N-[2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenylethyl)]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea (HI-236, CAS 233271-65-3) possesses potent anti-viral activity against zidovudine-sensitive as well as multidrug-resistant HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus) strains. The purpose of the present study was to examine in vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetic features and tissue distribution of HI-236 in mice. HI-236 had an elimination half-life of 85.8 min after i.v. administration and 86.6 min after i.p. administration. The systemic clearance of HI-236 was 4337 ml/h/kg after i.v. administration and 10,130 ml/h/kg after i.p. administration. Following i.v. injection, HI-236 rapidly distributed to and accumulated in multiple tissues with particularly high accumulation in lung, adipose tissue, skin, urinary bladder, adrenal gland and uterus + ovary. The concentration of HI-236 in brain tissue was comparable to that in the plasma, indicating that HI-236 easily crosses the blood-brain barrier. Following i.p. injection, HI-236 was rapidly absorbed with a tmax values of 5.6 min and showed linear pharmacokinetics within the dose range of 10-80 mg/kg. Following oral administration, HI-236 was absorbed with a tmax of 5.8 min. The intraperitoneal bioavailability was estimated at 42.9%, while the oral bioavailability was only 2.2%. The pharmacokinetic study described herein provides the basis for advanced pharmacodynamic study of HI-236.
 ...
PMID:In vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetic features and tissue distribution of N-[2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenylethyl)]-N'-[2-(5-bromopyridyl)]-thiourea (HI-236), a potent non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. 1150 89

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus that causes feline acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Infection can be transmitted experimentally via the vagina and rectum, making the cat a useful model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Some strains of FIV use the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in vitro to gain entry to feline cell lines, thymocytes and peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). In this study, the tissue expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding the CCR3, CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). mRNA encoding each receptor was expressed by two feline T-cell lines (Mya-1 and FeTJ), a feline kidney fibroblast cell line (FKCU) and PBLs. Mesenteric lymph node, colon, rectum, uterus, cervix and vagina all expressed mRNA for CXCR4 and CCR5 whilst only lymph node expressed CCR3 mRNA. In order to locate this receptor mRNA expression, in-situ hybridization studies were performed with DNA probes specific for the chemokine receptor mRNAs. CCR5 and CXCR4 receptor mRNA was expressed by epithelial cells and some lamina propria cells of the colon and rectum. Epithelial cell expression of chemokine receptor mRNA was reduced in intensity towards the base of the crypts. Expression of CXCR4 receptor was also demonstrated immunohistochemically on some lamina propria and intraepithelial cells. The expression of these receptor molecules may be important in mucosal infection with FIV.
 ...
PMID:Expression of chemokine receptors in the feline reproductive tract and large intestine. 1205 77


1 2 3 Next >>