Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective review of 71 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus cared for over a 3.5-year period revealed that 44 of 71 (63%) required a bacterial culture and 27 of 71 (37%) had bacteriologically documented infection. There were 125 episodes in 27 patients. Pneumonia (24 of 125 (19%)), upper respiratory tract syndromes (23 of 125 (19%)), urinary tract infection (24 of 125 (19%)) and wound infection (12 of 125 (10%)) were the most common syndromes identified. Bacteremic infections occurred in 35 of 125 (28%), and in 17 of 125 (14%) no other primary source could be identified. Pneumococci (11 of 35 (31%)) and Salmonella (4 of 35 (11%)) were the most common blood isolates; however, a wide spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens were recovered. Bacterial pneumonia directly contributed to the death of 4 patients, in whom pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii (2), cytomegalovirus (1) or varicella-zoster virus (1) also coexisted, respectively. Absolute T4 counts less than 400 and depressed lymphocyte-proliferative responses to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, Candida antigen and pokeweed mitogen correlated with the occurrence of bacterial infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Although bacterial infections are a frequent cause of morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children, they are usually treatable.
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PMID:Bacterial infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. 296 48

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a common cause of acute urinary tract infection (UTI) in young women. Septicemia has not been reported in patients without signs of immunodeficiency. We report 2 such cases in previously healthy 19- and 33-year-old women. Thus, this microbe may give rise to invasive infection and should be considered when coagulase-negative staphylococci are isolated from blood cultures in patients with symptoms of UTI.
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PMID:Septicemia caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus. 340 76

This report describes in detail an unusual variant of a common variable immunodeficiency disease in a seven-year-old boy. The unique features were progressive neutropenia due to defective myelopoiesis, serum IgG and IgA deficiencies, defective immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis, absence of secretory IgA and IgM gammopathy. He had been born healthy, but following a thermal injury at the age of 1 1/2 years, he suffered recurrent attacks of sinopulmonary and urinary tract infections, enteritis due to enteropathogenic E. coli, Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica, developed pulmonary tuberculosis and died of deep mycotic infection of the oral cavity and obstruction of the bronchial tree. The cause of the defective myelopoiesis could not be determined, but it might have been due to prolonged sulphomamide therapy administered for controlling his persistent urinary tract infection due to paraphymosis.
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PMID:A rare case of variable immune deficiency with type II dysgammaglobulinaemia, light chain defect, gut associated IgA deficiency and progressive neutropenia. 393 29

The aims of this retrospective study were to review the frequency and patterns of bacterial sepsis in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The charts of 233 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children cared for during a 10-year period in 4 tertiary hospitals in Madrid were reviewed. There were 43 episodes of sepsis in 31 (13%) children. Twenty of them had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 10 were class PA2 and 1 was class P1B. The most common organisms recovered were: nontyphoidal Salmonella, 10 cases (23%); Streptococcus pneumoniae, 9 cases (21%); Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 cases (14%); Escherichia coli, 5 cases (12%); Enterococcus faecalis, 4 cases (9%); Campylobacter jejuni, 2 cases (5%). In 28 episodes of bacteremia there were other sites of associated infection: pneumonia, 6 cases; urinary tract infection (UTI), 5 cases; gastrointestinal disease, 4 cases; catheter-related bacteremia, 12 cases. Eight patients had more than 1 episode of bacteremia. The rate of complications was high: 6 children had septic shock; and 2 of them developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. There was 1 death directly related to sepsis.
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PMID:Sepsis in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Madrid HIV Pediatric Infection Collaborative Study Group. 766 58

Among 20- to 59-year-old residents of New York City who have septicemia, gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, and multiple site infections due to Salmonella, those listed in the New York City AIDS Registry were highly overrepresented. Among the patients listed in the registry, males outnumbered females by 4:1 (septicemia), 9:1 (multiple site infections), 5.6:1 (gastroenteritis), and 2.5:1 (urinary tract infection); among patients not listed, males outnumbered females by 2.7:1 (septicemia), 3:1 (multiple site infections), 1.2:1 (gastroenteritis), and 1.6:1 (urinary tract infection). These results strongly suggest that most nonlisted males with septicemia and multiple site infections, and a minority with gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection, were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Among individuals who were HIV-positive, or likely to be so, Salmonella enteritidis was more competent in causing septicemia and less competent in causing gastroenteritis than was Salmonella typhimurium; among HIV-negative individuals, the reverse was true. The different capacities for infection with and invasiveness of S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, and other Salmonella serotypes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals and the use of HIV testing for Salmonella-infected individuals are discussed.
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PMID:Relationship between human immunodeficiency virus infection and salmonellosis in 20- to 59-year-old residents of New York City. 801 16

The most common spermicidal compound in use in North America is nonoxynol-9. Barrier methods of contraception used in combination with a spermicidal product help prevent a variety of sexually transmitted diseases. In 1991 the Centers for Disease Control reported a total of 620,478 cases of gonorrhea, 128,569 of syphilis, and 43,672 of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The evidence for antimicrobial activity of spermicides against sexually transmitted disease pathogens has been accumulated during the last 20 years from in vitro and in vivo studies on Neisseria gonorrhea, Treponema pallidum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and the human immunodeficiency virus. Uropathogenic bacteria, including E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus species, have been found to grow in concentrations of 25% or greater of nonoxynol-9. Less well known is the effect of nonoxynol-9 on the growth of lactobacilli, the predominant organisms colonizing the vagina of most healthy postpubertal and premenopausal women, which according to in vitro studies could inhibit the colonization and ascending infection of the bladder by E. coli and as E. faecalis. The organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis have been found to be inhibited by low concentrations of nonoxynol-9 (0.0019-0.5%). However, spermicide use does not appear to have any effect on the development of bacterial vaginosis. Clinical studies to date, with one exception, have shown no significant differences in bacterial vaginosis infection rates among users of diaphragms, contraceptive sponges and condoms and other contraceptive methods that do not involve exposure to spermicides. A history of nonoxynol-9 use as well as the use of antimicrobial agents should be considered in recurrent urogenital infections, since both can potentially disrupt the urogenital microbial flora. The physician must weigh the risk of exposure to sexually transmitted diseases or an unwanted pregnancy against the prevention of urinary tract infection or vaginal candidiasis before advising the patient to discontinue the use of nonoxynol-9-containing spermicides.
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PMID:The influence of nonoxynol-9-containing spermicides on urogenital infection. 805 30

Up to December 1993, a total of 10858 AIDS cases were reported to the central AIDS registry at the Federal Health Office. Human immunodeficiency virus is acquired through needle sharing (i.v. drug users), contaminated blood transfusions, intercourse with infected persons and transplacentally by fetuses. In Germany, about seven people a day are estimated to acquire the HIV infection. Half the patients will develop systemic manifestations of AIDS within 12-13 years. Only a small percentage of these patients suffer from urological manifestations, e.g. urinary tract infection, prostatism or HIV-associated nephropathy. Nevertheless, knowledge of genitourinary pathology caused by HIV makes early diagnosis of AIDS possible.
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PMID:[HIV infection and AIDS in urology]. 805 91

We sought to ascertain the reasons why virgins might attend sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The medical records of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) attending a major public STD clinic and who declared no lifetime sexual partners were examined. Nine subjects were concerned about genital anatomical variation while 3 had non-STD genital pathology (urinary tract infection, non-specific genital dermatosis, vaginismus). Six attended for human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing and 3 for hepatitis-related reasons. Of 6 children, 5 were screened for congenital syphilis and the other had genital warts. Three older patients (aged 34-38) presented with genital symptoms as part of a previously diagnosed psychosis. One prostitute who attended for a 'certificate' had never had penetrative sex. Most attendances in this study were appropriate and reflect the increasing recognition of STD clinics as appropriate centres for a wide range of non-STD genital and sexual problems.
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PMID:Why virgins attend sexually transmitted disease clinics. 839 5

Two women and two men were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted by renal transplantation from i.v. drug-addicted donors in 1984. The four recipients were treated with cyclosporine and methylprednisolone (one patient only for three months because of early graft failure). Two patients died 66 and 74 months after transplantation, one of endocarditis and one of cerebral hemorrhage. Despite several infections including urinary tract infection (n = 8), peritonitis (n = 1), shunt infection (n = 1), bronchitis (n = 1), salmonellosis (n = 1), herpes stomatitis (n = 2), herpes zoster (n = 1), and cytomegalovirus (n = 1), and despite treatment of several rejection episodes (n = 8), none of them had or has infections typical of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, two patients developed cervical lymphadenopathy and one autoimmune thrombocytopenia 15-20 months after HIV-1 infection. Their T helper cell counts (355/microliters to 75/microliters) and helper/suppressor T cell ratios (1.0-0.2) are distinctly lowered. One patient has membranous glomerulopathy with virus-like particles within and on the outside of the basement membrane and tubuloreticular inclusions in glomerular endothelial cells. We evaluated the case reports of 53 patients with HIV-infection caused by an infected transplant or by blood transfusions during or shortly after transplantation. The cumulative incidence of AIDS was significantly lower in 40 transplant patients with an immunosuppressive regimen including cyclosporine than in 13 transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment without cyclosporine (5-year cumulative risk of AIDS: 31% versus 90%, P = 0.001).
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PMID:The effect of cyclosporine on the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection transmitted by transplantation--data on four cases and review of the literature. 821 77

To analyze the outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and also to clarify the clinical factor(s) contributing to the outcome, we retrospectively investigated 120 SLE patients treated between 1981 and 1991. Eight of these patients (6.7%) developed acute DIC; four recovered and the other four died within 2 weeks of onset. Infection preceded acute DIC in all these patients. Acute DIC associated with atypical pneumonia was always fatal, while the patients with pharyngitis or urinary tract infection survived when they were treated adequately. Comparison of the dead and surviving groups revealed that the activity of SLE before the onset of DIC, the severity of DIC, and the treatment given for DIC and the coexistent infection were not significantly related to a fatal outcome. However, severe infection such as atypical pneumonia in patients with secondary immunodeficiency was likely to be fatal irrespective of the presence of DIC.
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PMID:Improved or fatal acute disseminated intravascular coagulation in systemic lupus erythematosus. 843 79


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