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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, white blood cell (WBC) count and protein were evaluated in 32 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or an AIDS-related complex who manifested a variety of neurologic symptoms. Of 17 patients with AIDS-related encephalitis (ARE), 13 had hypocellular CSFs; elevated WBCs and pleocytosis were noted in 4, multinucleated giant cells in 2 and elevated CSF protein was found in 4 of 8 specimens tested. Three patients with central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis had unremarkable CSF cytology findings, but all had elevated CSF proteins. In five patients with cryptococcal meningitis, cytologic examinations demonstrated organisms in four and elevated proteins in three. Of five patients with primary CNS lymphomas, one had cytology positive for large cell lymphoma; two showed suspicious cells and two manifested "atypical lymphocytes." Elevated CSF protein was present in four. Other conditions observed included progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, tubercular meningitis and cytomegaloviral (CMV) meningitis or encephalitis. Twenty-five percent of patients with ARE manifested pleocytosis with multinucleated giant cells; pleocytosis with CMV inclusions was noted in a CMV viral radiculitis. The CSF cytologic examination in HIV-infected patients with neurologic complications seems helpful in diagnosing cryptococcal meningitis and lymphoma, but less so for diagnosing toxoplasmosis.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid manifestations of the neurologic complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 253 86

Forty pediatric patients seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibody and conforming to Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga, case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome underwent ophthalmic examinations to evaluate prospectively the incidence, type, and natural history of ocular involvement in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A total of 87 examinations were performed on the patient population throughout the course of the study. Twenty percent had ocular findings, including two cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis, one case of isolated retinal cotton-wool spots, one case of toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, and three cases of external infections of adnexal structures. One patient had unusual peripheral retinal findings. The incidence of ocular manifestations in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is considerably less than reported in several adult series. However, we recommend ophthalmic screening in all pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with encephalopathy or disseminated opportunistic infections, or when symptoms suggest ophthalmic involvement.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations in pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 254 25

Diagnosis of intraocular inflammations can be difficult, particularly if the patient is suffering from immunodeficiency. Among the endogenous inflammations this applies mainly to cases of hyaloretinitis caused by Candida or other fungi, often presenting as an acute hyalitis with sudden onset; the various ocular complications of AIDS, especially those due to toxoplasmosis (rare) and cytomegalovirus, and lyme disease, which can occasionally cause chronic panuveitis. Among the exogenous cases it applies to postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis. In all these cases the diagnosis has to be established clinically if possible, since, as a consequence of the immunodeficiency, serology is hardly helpful, and only biopsy (of the vitreous) may provide additional information. Rapid diagnosis is very important because of the urgent need for therapy.
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PMID:[Sense and nonsense of examinations in hematogenous and exogenous intra-ocular infections]. 266 27

Note from Dr. Merle A. Sande--We have recently come to appreciate the fact that successful chemotherapy of opportunistic infections in patients with AIDS is akin to treatment of certain malignancies: In both instances, induction, followed by maintenance, therapy is required. Although control of initial infections is usually successful with current regimens, relapse is common if lifelong prophylactic or suppressive therapy is not used. This is true in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegaloviral infection. Because Drs. Joseph A. Kovacs and Henry Masur of the National Institutes of Health have been instrumental in developing strategies for the management of P. carinii pneumonia, they were asked to discuss their current approach to chemoprophylaxis of this infection in this AIDS Commentary.
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PMID:Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: an update. 268 38

Parasitosis opportunist are becoming clearer thanks to a better knowledge of immunological mechanisms, especially in AIDS. Child immunological immaturity and corticotherapy are the two other main immunodeficiencies among opportunist parasitosis. For the protozoosis, coccidiosis (especially toxoplasmosis), cryptosporidiosis, but isosporosis too and microsporidiosis represent a privileged group among opportunistic infections. Among adult, leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum is an opportunist parasistosis, favoured by corticotherapy or AIDS, but among children, it is the child's immunological immaturity which is involved in the immunodeficiency. Babesia occurs among splenectomized people. Giardiasis is more frequent and more severe among IgA immunodeficiencies especially secretories IgA. Among helminthiasis, generalised strongyloidiasis is very severe among patients under corticotherapy, but AIDS is not involved.
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PMID:[Opportunistic aspects of parasitosis]. 268 97

Two homosexual men positive for human immunodeficiency virus with evidence of acquired cellular immunodeficiency were diagnosed recently to have seminoma of the testis. One man has the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with lymphopenia, a low CD4:CD8 ratio, condylomata accuminata, pneumocystis carinii and cerebral toxoplasmosis, and 1 has an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex with generalized lymphadenopathy showing follicular hyperplasia on biopsy, recurrent Herpes simplex infections and lymphopenia but a supranormal CD4:CD8 ratio. Neither patient has a known risk factor for testicular seminoma. Our report provides supportive evidence for the presence of an increased risk of seminoma of the testis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex.
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PMID:Testicular seminoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex: 2 case reports. 273 88

Two hundred seventy-two patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have received care from the members of the adult infectious disease section at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. The majority of these patients met the diagnostic criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This group of patients was characterized by relatively few parenteral drug abusers, a high incidence of disseminated histoplasmosis, and an unexpectedly low frequency of toxoplasmosis. The prevalence of risk behaviors and endemic disease may be responsible for these particular case distributions.
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PMID:Clinical experience with HIV-infected patients at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. 274 84

Clinical toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in 15 cats by correlating serologic evidence of infection and clinical signs to either response to therapy or histopathologic demonstration of the organism. Ophthalmic manifestations, primarily involving the anterior segment, were common. Other common physical examination abnormalities included muscle hyperesthesia, fever, and weight loss. Response to therapy was variable, but administration of clindamycin hydrochloride resulted in resolution of all clinical signs not involving the eyes in surviving animals. This drug, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, led to total resolution of clinical signs in four of four cats with active retinochoroiditis and in six of nine cats with anterior uveitis. Four of the 15 cats had concurrent infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Feline leukemia virus antigen or antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis virus were not detected.
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PMID:Clinical feline toxoplasmosis. Serologic diagnosis and therapeutic management of 15 cases. 277 47

Opportunistic infections are frequent in AIDS patients, particularly in the last phase of the disease, when they occur both singly and in combination with other conditions (for example KAPOSI's sarcoma). These opportunistic infections are the cause of death in over 90% of cases. Their incidence ist proof of cellular immunodeficiency. Based on our observations (17 cases at the two institutes since 1984) we present and discuss the histopathological changes of some important opportunistic infections (notably Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacteriosis (MAI), Cryptosporidium Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasmosis gondii infection).
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PMID:[Histopathologic changes in several opportunistic infections in AIDS]. 281 71

Neurologic disease occurs frequently in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and a large body of literature now exists detailing the various infections, neoplasms, and other conditions that can affect the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system in children and adults with AIDS, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, or (in some cases) only serologic evidence of retroviral infection. Although certain opportunistic infections (toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and herpesviral infections) and CNS lymphomas often produce CNS disease in patients with AIDS, it is now clear that many cases of neurologic disease are caused by a group of disorders thought to be related to direct CNS infection by the AIDS retrovirus. Disease of the peripheral nervous system is also being increasingly recognized; some cases probably have an autoimmune basis.
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PMID:Neurologic disorders associated with AIDS retroviral infection. 283 38


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