Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three males infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were noted to have extensive flat warts of the face and/or body. In two there were also pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Biopsies showed foamy, basophilic, distended cytoplasm in granular layer keratinocytes, characteristic of the human papillomavirus types seen in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. DNA hybridization techniques demonstrated the presence of HPV-type 8 in one patient and HPV 5 and 8 in another. Patients with immune suppression due to HIV infection may demonstrate the clinical features of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with the same potentially oncogenic HPV types.
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PMID:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated papillomavirus infection complicating human immunodeficiency virus disease. 184 68

Numerous flat and tinea versicolor-like warts developed on the face, trunk, and upper extremities of a 10-year-old boy with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Nucleic acid analysis of involved skin revealed human papillomavirus type 5, which has sometimes been associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. This human papillomavirus type has also been described in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and dyskeratosis congenita and in renal allograft recipients. Human immunodeficiency virus infection should be added to the list of immune-related disorders that predispose to widespread flat warts.
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PMID:Widespread flat warts associated with human papillomavirus type 5: a cutaneous manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 217 38

Pityrosporum and Candida-yeasts are opportunistic pathogens and infections require predisposing factors. These factors are also of major importance in treatment and the reason for recurrence and sometimes chronicity of the disease caused by these yeasts. Pityrosporum orbiculare and P.ovale are both lipophilic, probably identical, and both are members of the normal human cutaneous flora. In pityriasis versicolor they change from the blastospore form to the mycelial form. My favourite treatment for pityriasis versicolor is propylene glycol 50% in water applied with a gauze pad twice daily for 2 weeks. This will clear 95-100%. Other treatment modalities are: zinc pyrithione shampoo, selenium sulfide shampoo and the imidazoles. For extensive cases, patients who frequently relapse, and infections refractary to other treatments ketoconazole orally may be an effective alternative both therapeutically and prophylactically. In another disease caused by these yeasts, Pityrosporum folliculitis, both propylene glycol and ketoconazole are effective. Although Candida species are only seldom found on normal-looking skin predisposing factors are still the main reason for disease. Under the influence of these factors the organism changes from the blastospore to the mycelial form. The main predisposing factors important to control are: occlusion, underlying skin diseases, diabetes mellitus and immunodeficiency diseases. The imidazoles in a cream vehicle are very effective for many infections and applied for 2-3 weeks they will clear most lesions. The addition of a corticosteroid to the imidazole will not shorten the time of treatment but will give a more prompt symptomatic relief. In extensive cutaneous lesions and lesions refractary to other treatments ketoconazole is an effective alternative.
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PMID:Current treatment of cutaneous Pityrosporum and Candida-infections. 345 38

Three human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients presented with disseminated pityriasis versicolor-like skin lesions. Histological examination showed features characteristic of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Hybridization studies demonstrated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 5 (HPV5) DNA in two patients and HPV20 in one. A relative increase in CD8+, CD57+ cells, which are known to inhibit cell-mediated cytolysis, was observed in all patients. HLA-DQB 0301 haplotype, which has been associated with EV, was detected in two patients. The findings suggest that infection with EV-associated HPV types can complicate HIV infection. Both cellular immune defects and a hitherto unknown genetic background might explain the occurrence of EV in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like eruption complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection. 976 63

We describe a 67-year-old woman with disseminated warts which she had had for more than 38 years. The lesions consisted of common and plane warts, wart-like plaques and red-brownish macules similar to those in pityriasis versicolor. Furthermore, during follow-up, several solar keratoses, plaques of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinomas were excised. The patient also had T-cell immunodeficiency of unknown aetiology. Histopathology demonstrated that all the warts showed the cytopathological features of common warts, but not those of the warts in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). We investigated the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the warts by blot hybridization and molecular cloning and found that the lesions harboured HPV 2, but not EV-HPVs or other HPVs. In addition, the histopathological distribution of the viral DNA was confirmed in paraffin sections of warts from the patient at different ages by in situ hybridization. However, these investigations yielded negative results in specimens of Bowen's disease and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. These results demonstrated that the patient had been infected with HPV 2 from childhood, but the negative results for detection of DNA of HPV 2 in carcinomas from the patient do not support an oncogenic potential for HPV 2. In conclusion, HPV 2, an aetiological agent of common warts in the general population, may induce a lifelong severe verrucosis in some immunosuppressed patients.
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PMID:Lifelong severe verrucosis associated with human papillomavirus type 2: report of a case with a 38-year follow-up. 999 Mar 78

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor and seborrheic dermatitis are two very common skin diseases. Pityriasis versicolor is a chronic superficial fungal disease usually located on the upper trunk, neck, or upper arms. In pityriasis versicolor, the lipophilic yeast Malassezia (also know as Pityrosporum ovale or P. orbiculare) changes from the blastospore form to the mycelial form under the influence of predisposing factors. The most important exogenous factors are high temperatures and a high relative humidity which probably explain why pityriasis versicolor is more common in the tropics. The most important endogenous factors are greasy skin, hyperhidrosis, hereditary factors, corticosteroid treatment and immunodeficiency. There are many ways of treating pityriasis versicolor topically. Options include propylene glycol, ketoconazole shampoo, zinc pyrithione shampoo, ciclopiroxamine, selenium sulfide, and topical antifungals. In difficult cases, short term treatment with fluconazole or itraconazole is effective and well tolerated. To avoid recurrence a prophylactic treatment regimen is mandatory. Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by red scaly lesions predominantly located on the scalp, face and upper trunk. There are now many studies indicating that Malassezia plays an important role in this condition. Even a normal number of Malassezia will start an inflammatory reaction. Mild corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis. However, the disease recurs quickly, often within just a few days. Antifungal therapy is effective in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis and, because it reduces the number of Malassezia, the time to recurrence is increased compared with treatment with corticosteroids. Antifungal therapy should be the primary treatment of this disease.
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PMID:Management of seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. 1170 14

The incidence of superficial infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing in Yaounde. To determine the prevalence of superficial mycoses in HIV-positive subjects, a study was carried out in different hospital settings in Yaounde over a period of 18 months. Clinical observations were followed by the culture of samples on Sabouraud's glucose agar. Of the 148 HIVab-positive patients examined, 79 (44 males and 35 females) had at least one superficial mycosis (53%). The clinical presentations and the causative organisms did not differ from those found in immunocompetent individuals. The main lesions were oral candidiasis (77%), tinea corporis (21%), tinea versicolor (15%), tinea pedis (13%) and tinea inguium (12%). Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans were the organisms most commonly isolated. These results indicate the benefit of studying superficial mycoses for optimal management of HIV patients.
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PMID:Superficial mycoses and HIV infection in Yaounde. 1509 39

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is an uncommon dermatosis associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in association with defects in cell-mediated immunity. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma has been associated with lesions caused by HPV-5, HPV-8, and HPV-14. Clinically, the disease may be confused with verruca plana, seborrheic keratosis, and pityriasis versicolor. We present an unusual case of EV occurring in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive man and discuss the clinical and histologic findings. Clinically, the patient had 1- to 3-mm hypopigmented smooth macules covering the entire body. Histopathologic examination of the skin biopsy results demonstrated enlarged keratinocytes with prominent blue-gray cytoplasm and clumping of keratohyalin granules within the granular layer of the epidermis. Although EV typically is viewed as a disease of childhood, sometimes presenting in patients with a family history of the disease, it rarely may be seen in immunocompromised adults.
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PMID:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis occurring in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: a case report. 1750 Mar 79

The Dominican Republic (DR) is the second largest Caribbean nation and, with Haiti, the DR accounts for nearly three-quarters of the cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Caribbean region and the highest rates of TB in the Americas. The present study estimated the burden of serious fungal infections and some other mycoses in the DR. The data were extracted from the World Health Organization Stop Tuberculosis (WHO STOP TB) program, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and searches for relevant literature via MEDLINE, PubMed, MedFacts, and so on. The chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) rates were derived from the asthma and TB rates. When no data regarding mycoses were available, we used specific populations at risk and the frequencies of fungal infection in each of these populations to estimate the national prevalence. Among its population of 10,090,000, we estimated that 221,027 (2.2%) have a serious fungal infection, including 158,134 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. We estimated high numbers of 25,150 for ABPA and 34,000 for severe asthma fungal sensitization (SAFS) (250 and 529/100,000, respectively). CPA was common, with an estimated 2122 cases, of which 707 followed pulmonary TB. The annual prevalence of CPA was estimated to be 1374 cases. Four cases of histoplasmosis and several cases of chromoblastomycosis have also been reported. Pityriasis versicolor and tinea capitis are frequent in children, and 11% have kerion. Local epidemiological investigations are urgently required to validate or modify these estimates of serious fungal infections in the DR.
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PMID:Burden of serious fungal infections in the Dominican Republic. 2602 76

Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare condition occurring in patients with depressed cellular immunity, particularly individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Acquired EDV is less commonly reported in recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplantation. This condition typically manifests within 5 years of initial immunosuppression and can present as multiple hypopigmented to red, tinea versicolor-like macules or as multiple verrucous, flat-topped papules distributed over the trunk, arms, and legs. Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 5 and 8 are the most commonly isolated EDV-HPV subtypes as well as the most oncogenic subtypes, carrying the greatest risk for malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We present the case of a 44-year-old renal transplant recipient who developed multiple hypopigmented papules on the chest and neck with histopathology showing characteristic changes of EDV.
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PMID:Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis occurring in a renal transplant recipient. 2863 9


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