Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A widespread pruritic papular eruption associated with human immunodeficiency virus has been previously described. Electron microscopic study of lesional skin from a patient who presented with such an eruption showed cytoplasmic tubuloreticular structures in every venular capillary endothelial cell that was studied. The significance of this finding and the possible cause of these structures are discussed. This new finding strongly suggests that this dermatosis is a dermatosis related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis of the AIDS-related complex or AIDS in future patients presenting with this dermatosis.
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PMID:Tubuloreticular structures in a papular eruption associated with human immunodeficiency virus disease. 334 15

The authors report a case of a forty-six year old woman suffering from generalized prurigo nodularis. This dermatosis was associated with a cellular immunodeficiency; therefore a clofazimine therapy 300 mg/a day was instituted for six months. Ten months after the cessation of the clofazimine therapy, there appeared a malabsorption syndrome that was temporarily improved by gluten--free diet the real etiology was only ascertained during laparotomy, when masses of crystals in the small intestine mucosa as well as in mesenteric lymph nodes were observed. Therefore when it is necessary to prescribe clofazimine to take advantage of become its immunoregulating properties, it must always become in mind that an intestinal complication may ensue: this is well recognized in articles appearing in journals devoted to leprosy.
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PMID:[Exudative enteropathy caused by clofazimine: apropos of a case]. 681 19

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) presents most commonly as a cutaneous disease and is caused by two organisms. Bartonella (Rochalimaea) henselae and Bartonella (Rochalimaea) quintana. Biopsy confirmation of cutaneous BA is essential because lesions can mimic nodular Kaposi's sarcoma in appearance. Although the vast majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with BA have CD4 lymphocyte counts of less than 100 cells per mm3, the disease responds well to antimicrobial therapy. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial skin pathogen affecting HIV-infected patients. The prevalence of skin disease due to S. aureus may be explained by high nasal carriage rates for the organism ( > or = 50%) and altered immune function in conjunction with an impaired cutaneous barrier. Herpes simplex virus causes mucocutaneous disease early in the course HIV infection and ulcerative lesions at any site in advanced HIV infection. Herpes zoster is common early in the course of HIV infection; recurrent and disseminated herpes zoster infections are characteristic of patients with advanced HIV disease. Acyclovir resistance is usually seen in patients with large, untreated, ulcerative lesions of herpes simplex virus and in patients with chronic, verrucous lesions of varicella-zoster virus. Cutaneous cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidiomycosis are markers of disseminated disease and require biopsy confirmation. Scabies is easily diagnosed but may be atypical in presentation and difficult to eradicate in advanced HIV disease.
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PMID:Cutaneous manifestations of opportunistic infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 755 76

In recent years, especially with the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, new skin disorders associated with systemic disease have been described in the literature. Eosinophilic folliculitis and pruritic papules of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are clinically similar lesions that respond to phototherapy. Bacillary angiomatosis, another HIV-related skin disease that is caused by a pleomorphic gram-negative organism, resembles Kaposi's sarcoma clinically but is curable if treated early with antibiotics. Toxic strep syndrome, a scarlatiniform, desquamative eruption associated with hypotension, fever and multiorgan system dysfunction, is caused by group A streptococcal soft tissue infection. Paraneoplastic pemphigus, a recently characterized autoimmune vesicular eruption, produces painful mucocutaneous ulcerations in patients with an occult neoplasm, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:New cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases. 765 17

Characteristics of haemogramme were studied in 28 patients with eczema, 25 patients with neurodermatitis disseminata, 38 patients with cutaneous form of psoriasis, in whom dermatosis was manifested by extensive skin involvement. Statistical data on relative and absolute values for the groups studied confirm the rise in the numbers of monocytes, eosinophiles, lymphocytes and segmentonuclear neutrophils in the peripheral blood, this being most characteristic abnormality in the haemogramme, which was particularly noticeable in patients with clinically apparent acuity of cutaneous manifestations, universal or erythrodermic type of its affliction, lingering exacerbation state. Current knowledge about hemopoiesis and pathogenesis of the above dermatoses allow the changes being detected in the haemogramme to be considered secondary to chronic unspecific inflammation developing in the skin, being characterized, from the immunological standpoint, in a general sense, by T-cellular (tissue) immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[A pathogenetic approach to interpreting the hemogram of patients with eczema, diffuse neurodermatitis and psoriasis]. 790 Mar 58

This is a case report and family study of a 65-year-old man with chronic prurigo lesions, in whom we demonstrated a selective deficiency of circulating T-helper/inducer lymphocytes (CD4+), in the absence of any apparent predisposing disease. He is seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV types 1 and 2) and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I and HTLV-II), and fulfils the criteria for the syndrome of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. He has an atopic diathesis, has had a severe adult chickenpox infection, chronic staphylococcal infections, tinea pedis and recalcitrant warts. He has also suffered from respiratory infections, for which no specific aetiological agent has been identified. His peripheral total lymphocyte count has been persistently abnormal since it was first measured in 1969. He has a marked CD4+ T-cell lymphocytopenia. His son, who does not have any skin disorder, has a low CD4+ T-cell count.
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PMID:Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia associated with chronic pruritic papules. 791 13

The medical literature suggests that persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of many common and uncommon cutaneous diseases. Further, it has been suggested that in HIV-infected people these conditions may be more persistent and they may be more prone to developing adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. We have identified a cohort of 684 HIV-infected persons who were members of a large Massachusetts health maintenance organization. Based on review of hospital records, automated ambulatory records, and automated prescription data for these patients, we determined the occurrence of skin disease including adverse reactions to drugs. In this 2.8-year study, these HIV-infected persons averaged 3.7 separate skin diagnoses each, a significantly higher rate (p < 0.001) than in a comparable uninfected group of enrollees in this health maintenance organization. The rate of visits for many common skin diagnoses increased as HIV infection progressed. Cutaneous drug reactions were also significantly more frequent (per course of drug) in AIDS patients compared to patients with asymptomatic HIV infection. Skin disease is a frequent and important cause of morbidity in HIV-infected persons. The development of a specific cutaneous disease may act as a prognostic marker for progression of HIV infection. In HIV-infected persons, adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs frequently limit treatment with essential drugs.
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PMID:Epidemiology of skin disease in HIV infection: a cohort study of health maintenance organization members. 800 32

Cutaneous involvement with disseminated histoplasmosis occasionally occurs in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We describe a profoundly immunocompromised patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had concomitant psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and disseminated histoplasmosis, each with similar features. Findings of a skin biopsy specimen from a lesion on the forehead showed an infiltrate of histiocytes filled with Histoplasma capsulatum. In disseminated histoplasmosis involving the skin, lesions may have features more characteristic of a papulosquamous dermatosis than an infectious disease. In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, especially those with low numbers of CD4+ cells, serious infectious diseases may have unusual features and may assume the appearance of concomitant inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Concomitant psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and disseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 834 May 5

We sought to ascertain the reasons why virgins might attend sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The medical records of 31 patients (18 males and 13 females) attending a major public STD clinic and who declared no lifetime sexual partners were examined. Nine subjects were concerned about genital anatomical variation while 3 had non-STD genital pathology (urinary tract infection, non-specific genital dermatosis, vaginismus). Six attended for human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing and 3 for hepatitis-related reasons. Of 6 children, 5 were screened for congenital syphilis and the other had genital warts. Three older patients (aged 34-38) presented with genital symptoms as part of a previously diagnosed psychosis. One prostitute who attended for a 'certificate' had never had penetrative sex. Most attendances in this study were appropriate and reflect the increasing recognition of STD clinics as appropriate centres for a wide range of non-STD genital and sexual problems.
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PMID:Why virgins attend sexually transmitted disease clinics. 839 5

The incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is rising at an alarming rate. Usually, the first clue that a patient has human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection is the emergence of a skin disease. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy are vital in the management of these conditions. In Part 1 of this article, the author discussed AIDS-related infectious diseases of the skin. In Part 2, he discusses noninfectious inflammatory diseases, malignant cutaneous neoplasms, and nonclassified skin changes found in HIV-infected individuals, as well as their optimal management.
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PMID:Skin manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): Part 2. Noninfectious skin manifestations. 843 70


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