Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Host defense mechanisms were evaluated in a 4-1/2-year-old boy with recurrent pyogenic infections and a unique hyperkeratotic skin disorder. The patient's neutrophils were consistently defective in chemotactic responsiveness but had normal NBT reduction, glucose oxidation, and iodination. Serum concentrations of IgE were markedly elevated and the secondary antibody response was abnormal. No T-cell dysfunction was detected. These findings suggest a relationship between this patient and patients with other syndromes associated with recurrent infections, cutaneous disease, defective chemotaxis, immunodeficiency, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E.
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PMID:Defective neutrophil chemotaxis with variant ichthyosis, hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, and recurrent infections. 118 92

Cutaneous manifestations are common in patients infected with HIV and tend to be more frequent as immunodeficiency progresses. It remains, however, unclear which or how many with HIV-1 infection will develop skin disease. This paper presents and describes the commonly reported skin diseases occurring in people with HIV-1 infection. Observed infections include herpes zoster, herpes simplex, chancroid, syphilis, condylomata acuminata, oral hairy leukoplakia, molluscum contagiosum, candidiasis, bacterial infections, dermatophytosis, and scabies. Noninfective conditions such as pruritic papular eruption, seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, and others may also present. Regarding disease etiology, a transient maculopapular rash may present in the initial stage of HIV infection. Seborrhoeic dermatitis, persistent genital ulcer disease, pruritic papular eruption, and/or a variety of scaling dermatoses may then be observed during the otherwise asymptomatic phase. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most frequent skin tumor associated with HIV disease. It is also observed that skin manifestations of adverse reactions to drugs occur more frequently in patients with HIV disease than in immunocompetent patients. In closing, most skin diseases associated with HIV disease respond well to standard treatment regimens. Relapses and/or recurrences are, however, frequent among these patients.
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PMID:Cutaneous findings associated with HIV disease including AIDS: experience from Sub Saharan Africa. 149 76

We studied 13 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a chronic pruritic folliculitis that was unresponsive to systemic treatment with bactericidal anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. The skin eruption was characterized by multiple urticarial follicular papules scattered on the trunk (100%), the head and neck (85%), and the proximal aspect of the extremities (62%). Absolute peripheral eosinophil counts were increased in six of 13 patients; a relative peripheral eosinophilia was present in 10 of 13 patients. Serum IgE levels were elevated in all seven patients tested (range, 88 to 9050 IU). Histopathologic features included a folliculitis with eosinophils. Pathogenic bacteria were not consistently found by routine bacterial skin cultures, cultures of skin biopsy specimens, or histopathologic evaluation. CD4 counts were decreased in all of the 12 patients tested (less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter) and were below 250 cells per cubic millimeter in 10 patients. A clinical response was noted to astemizole, to ultraviolet light in the B range, and to topical clobetasol propionate. These observations demonstrate that HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis is a unique HIV-related cutaneous disorder that is characterized by a culture-negative, chronic, pruritic folliculitis and a characteristic histopathologic picture. Of special importance, because it is associated with CD4 counts of less than 250 to 300 cells per cubic millimeter, eosinophilic folliculitis appears to be an important clinical marker of HIV infection and, particularly, of patients at increased risk of developing opportunistic infections. We suggest that the term eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease), previously used to describe this dermatosis in HIV-infected patients, should be discarded.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-associated eosinophilic folliculitis. A unique dermatosis associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. 167 28

It is shown that patients suffering from eczema, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis demonstrate immunologic shifts related to genetic predisposition to allergic (atopic and autoimmune) responses, specific skin responses, clinical features of dermatoses, reactivity of the affected connective tissue. Immune defects of the above patients suggest a drop in T-lymphocyte count and T-suppressor dysfunction, i.e. T-cell immunodeficiency. This indicates possible benefit of pharmacological immunomodulators scheduled on the basis of pathogenetic characteristics of each variant of dermatosis and of dermal inflammation.
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PMID:[Disorders of T-cell immunity in patients with eczema, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis]. 183 23

Papulosquamous eruptions are the most frequently seen cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Especially common and useful in making a diagnosis of HIV infection are seborrheic dermatitis, xerosis or ichthyosis, and a pruritic or papular eruption. There is some evidence from transgenic mice studies that the transactivating gene TAT and the HIV provirus may produce epidermal hyperplasia, either directly or through cytokine production, without associated immunodeficiency. The association of certain papulosquamous diseases, especially psoriasis, with HIV has opened up new avenues of research on pathogenesis of hyperproliferative skin disease.
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PMID:Papulosquamous disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 187 30

Two intravenous drug users dually infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) developed an unusual severe dermatitis characterized by progressive brawny induration, fissuring, and ulceration of the skin, with an associated CD8 cell infiltration in one patient. Both patients had persistent eosinophilia. Lymph node biopsy revealed dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, an unusual pathologic finding in HIV-1 infection but one seen in association with mycosis fungoides and other skin disorders. Two new isolates of HTLV-II virus were established from these patients and were identified as HTLV-II by Southern blotting. This type of skin disease and lymph node pathology has not been found in other intravenous drug users who have been infected with HIV-1 alone or in patients in other risk groups for HIV-1 infection. HTLV-II may play a role in this unique new disease pattern in patients infected with HIV-1.
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PMID:Syndrome of severe skin disease, eosinophilia, and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy in patients with HTLV-II complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection. 189 51

Palpable purpura in a follicular localization developed in association with acute epididymitis in a white man who was seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Biopsy specimens revealed a leukocytoclastic vasculitis with follicular accentuation. With antibiotic therapy the vasculitis resolved, but it recurred during repeated episodes of the epididymitis. Follicular accentuation of skin disease is often seen in HIV-seropositive patients. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis with a follicular localization may be the presenting skin manifestation of HIV infection.
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PMID:Follicular accentuation of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in an HIV-seropositive man. Report of a case and review of the literature. 205 Aug 60

We examined 100 serial patients who were receiving care in a county outpatient immunodeficiency clinic and whose serum was positive by Western blot test for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Skin disorders were found in 92% of these HIV-infected patients, with little difference in prevalence or severity in three clinical categories: patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex, and those who were asymptomatic. Patients positive for HIV antibodies had significantly more skin disease, with the exception of dermatophytosis, than did a historical control population. A strong association was observed between the use of zidovudine and the absence of infection with Candida albicans. We conclude that there is a high prevalence of skin disease in HIV-positive patients who seek medical care, and that specialists in skin disease should be included in these patients' initial evaluation and continuing care.
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PMID:Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 252 93

Two cases of eosinophilic pustular dermatosis are reported and both were associated with infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I). We suggest that eosinophilic pustular dermatosis may occur as an early sign of infection with HIV.
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PMID:Eosinophilic pustular dermatosis: an early skin marker of infection with human immunodeficiency virus? 267 26

Atopic dermatitis (AD) represents an inflammatory skin disorder which is characterized by many signs of immunodeficiency. Particularly, decreased lymphoproliferative responses upon stimulation with mitogens as well as bacterial antigens were reported repeatedly. Since there is increasing evidence for a network of immuno-modulating cytokines playing a crucial role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, in the present study we investigated whether an altered production of these mediators is one of the pathomechanisms responsible for the altered immune response in AD. For this purpose the 24-h supernatants of LPS- and PHA-stimulated or unstimulated mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with AD of a moderate to severe disease activity and from nonatopic healthy controls were tested for Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity. Whereas supernatants of unstimulated MNC of AD patients and controls did not contain significantly different levels of these cytokines, LPS-stimulated MNC of AD patients released significantly less IL-1 in the supernatants. Similarly, the production of IL-2 by PHA-stimulated MNC of AD patients was significantly decreased in comparison to the controls. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between IL-1 and IL-2 levels. These findings indicate that diminished lymphoproliferative responses in AD may partly be caused by a decreased capacity of MNC to release immuno-modulating cytokines, even upon appropriate stimulation.
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PMID:Altered production of immuno-modulating cytokines in patients with atopic dermatitis. 280 Sep 14


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