Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two-thirds of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have a history of an infectious illness a few days to a few weeks before the onset of thrombocytopenia. In a subset of affected children, identification of a specific virus can be made, such as varicella zoster virus, rubella, Epstein-Barr virus, influenza, or human immunodeficiency type 1 virus, indicating an etiological role for preceding viral infection in these children with ITP. While inhibition of thrombopoiesis has been established to play a role in thrombocytopenia associated with infection with some viruses, it does not appear to play a major role in the etiology of most typical ITP cases. Rather, enhanced clearance of platelets by the reticuloendothelial system is considered to be, at least in part, responsible for the thrombocytopenia which occurs during the viremic phase of acute virus infection or which develops days to weeks following the virus illness. Molecular mimicry between viral antigens and host proteins has been implicated in a number of autoimmune phenomena, and may be involved in the enhanced platelet clearance in virus-associated ITP.
 ...
PMID:Virus-associated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 1035 Nov 37

We report a case of measles inclusion-body encephalitis (MIBE) occurring in an apparently healthy 21-month-old boy 8.5 months after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. He had no prior evidence of immune deficiency and no history of measles exposure or clinical disease. During hospitalization, a primary immunodeficiency characterized by a profoundly depressed CD8 cell count and dysgammaglobulinemia was demonstrated. A brain biopsy revealed histopathologic features consistent with MIBE, and measles antigens were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Electron microscopy revealed inclusions characteristic of paramyxovirus nucleocapsids within neurons, oligodendroglia, and astrocytes. The presence of measles virus in the brain tissue was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequence in the nucleoprotein and fusion gene regions was identical to that of the Moraten and Schwarz vaccine strains; the fusion gene differed from known genotype A wild-type viruses.
 ...
PMID:Measles inclusion-body encephalitis caused by the vaccine strain of measles virus. 1058 3

We describe a 4-year-old girl with subnormal visual acuity due to a bilateral retinopathy. The child had a history of encephalitis following MMR vaccination. Temporary retinopathy associated with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination has been described. Recently an idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in the child was diagnosed. This cellular immunodeficiency supports our hypothesis of measles retinopathy after vaccination of an immuno-deficient child.
 ...
PMID:Retinopathy following measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination in an immuno-incompetent girl. 1093 49

Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often lose their vaccine-induced antibody to measles virus. Before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), an additional immunization against measles infrequently resulted in protective antibodies. The antibody response to an additional measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination was compared in 28 HIV-infected children who lacked protective antibody to measles virus and were undergoing HAART or non-HAART regimens. Serostatus was measured by automated enzyme-linked immunoassay. Nine (64.3%) of 14 children undergoing HAART, compared with 3 (21.4%) of 14 in the non-HAART group, had antibody to measles virus after the additional vaccination with MMR (P=.027). The groups showed no significant difference in CD4 cell values. Ten of 14 HAART patients had undetectable levels of HIV. The mean HIV load for the HAART group was 27,700 copies/mL (median, <400 copies/mL); for the non-HAART group, it was 86,000 copies/mL (median, 9000 copies/mL). Thus, HAART improves the response to an additional MMR vaccination, which is consistent with immune system reconstitution.
 ...
PMID:Effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the serological response to additional measles vaccinations in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. 1126 38

In a retrospective study, sera from 84 children of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive mothers (35 HIV-infected and 49 uninfected children) with a known date of receipt of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine were tested for antibody to measles vaccine by an indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method and/or microneutralization (NEUT). At the time of last measurement, 21/35 (60.0%) HIV-infected children remained seropositive by either EIA or NEUT. Forty seven of forty-nine (95.9%) uninfected children had evidence of measles antibody. Six HIV-infected children had a documented loss of antibody over time. The majority of HIV-infected children had antibody to measles vaccine virus, which in some cases decreased over time.
 ...
PMID:Measles immunity in HIV-infected children. 1136 71

Women with transfusion dependent thalassaemia suffer from failure of pubertal growth and delayed onset of menarche with amenorrhea, anovulation and infertility. With improved pediatric and hematological care is now possible, for patients with b thalassaemia, to achieve a pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy assessment included checks for hypothyroidism and diabetes, for hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus, Rubella, cardiac functions, liver functions by estimating aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phospatase, and total plasma proteins. The frequency of blood transfusion needed to be increased in order to maintain the hemoglobin concentration above 10 g/dl. Desferroxamine must be stopped as soon as pregnancy is diagnosed continuing the administration of the folic acid supplements throughout pregnancy. Desferroxamine will be resumed after delivery. The safety of iron chelation with desferroxamine during the periconceptional period and pregnancy has not yet been established. Some animal studies have shown skeletal anomalies; other published studies report seven women with b thalassaemia major who became pregnant while taking desferroxamine: all the women had normal babies. The mode of delivery is usually vaginal, while Cesarean section is performed in those cases with pre-eclampsia, fetal distress, cephalopelvic dysproportion, slow progression of labor, as in women without thalassaemia. In conclusion, with the advent of regular blood transfusion associated with iron chelation therapy, pregnancy in b thalassaemia can be safe for mothers and their babies with appropriate care.
 ...
PMID:[Pregnancy in women with thalassaemia]. 1139 93

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on response to measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in children and adolescents with hemophilia was evaluated. Antibody levels of measles, mumps, and rubella were assayed at baseline and two annual examinations in 207 HIV-positive and 126 HIV-negative hemophiliacs participating in the Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS). Response to revaccination was analyzed for participants whose antibody levels were below the cut-off at the start of a year-long observation period. Among HIV-positive participants, antibody levels were below cut-off in 52 subjects for measles, in 71 for mumps, and in 96 for rubella. Among HIV-negative participants, antibody levels were low in 23 subjects for measles, in 23 for mumps, and in 31 for rubella. For measles and mumps antigens, revaccination was associated with a significant increase in redraw antibody levels for HIV-negative participants. Although there was an increase in the mean measles titers for revaccinated HIV-positive participants, it was not significant. Revaccination was associated with an increase in rubella antibodies in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. Revaccination with measles and mumps was associated with an increase in antibody levels in HIV-negative participants but not in HIV-positive participants. Both HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants responded to rubella revaccination with an increase in antibody levels.
 ...
PMID:Response to measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination among HIV-positive and HIV-negative children and adolescents with hemophilia. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. 1142 5

Saliva is a body fluid containing antibodies of diagnostic significance. Unlike venipuncture, saliva collection (by brushing the teeth and rubbing the gums) is painless, non-invasive, inexpensive, simple and rapid. By using sensitive immunoassays in salivary specimens it is possible to diagnose immunoglobulins against a wide range of infectious diseases e.g. hepatitis A, B and C, measles, mumps, rubella, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus B 19, human herpesvirus 6 and Helicobacter pylori infections. Salivary antibody testing may provide better access to epidemic outbreaks, children, large populations, hard-to-reach risk groups and may thus play a major role in the surveillance and control of infectious diseases. (Tab. 2, Ref. 34.)
 ...
PMID:Detection of antibodies in saliva--an effective auxiliary method in surveillance of infectious diseases. 1206 Oct 87

Appropriate preconception health care improves pregnancy outcomes. When started at least one month before conception, folic acid supplements can prevent neural tube defects. Targeted genetic screening and counseling should be offered on the basis of age, ethnic background, or family history. Before conception, women should be screened for human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis infection and begin treatment to prevent the transmission of disease to the fetus. Immunizations against hepatitis B, rubella, and varicella should be completed, if needed. Women should be counseled on ways to prevent infection with toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, and parvovirus B19. Environmental toxins such as cigarette smoke, alcohol, and street drugs, and chemicals such as solvents and pesticides should be avoided. In women with diabetes, it is important to optimize disease control through intensive management before pregnancy. Medications for hypertension, epilepsy, thromboembolism, depression, and anxiety should be reviewed and changed, if necessary, before the patient becomes pregnant. Counseling about exercise, obesity, nutritional deficiencies, and the overuse of vitamins A and D is beneficial. Physicians may also choose to discuss occupational and financial issues related to pregnancy and to screen patients for domestic violence.
 ...
PMID:Preconception health care. 1261 25

The children were being observed during the course of acute rubella infection and postinfectious period. Quantitative dynamic changes in the normal microflora composition were noted weekly during the first month of the disease as well as in the beginning of the second and the third months. The amount of microorganisms registered 3 weeks and in the beginning of the second month after the onset of rubella infection differed from that in the controls. The identification of the Staphylococcus genus microorganisms has shown an increased number of carriers during the first week, as well as on the third week from the onset of the disease. During these periods a secondary immunodeficiency is supposed to develop in children resulting in exacerbation of bacterial infections.
 ...
PMID:[Staphylococcal colonization of the oral cavity of children following an acute form of rubella infection]. 1214 Oct 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>