Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumococcal infection is frequent in children with sickle-cell disease (SCD) but is less common in adults. Infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also a risk factor for pneumococcal infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of HIV infection in adults with SCD. During a 6-year period, 283 adults suffering from SCD were screened for HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 infections. The clinical course of HIV infections in these patients was retrospectively analyzed at the term of the study. HIV type 1 infection was detected in eight patients. The mean follow-up period after diagnosis of HIV infection was 4.6 years. None of the patients had AIDS. Five episodes of severe pneumococcal infection were observed in four of these eight patients (septic shock in two patients and three episodes of meningitis in two patients); two patients died of meningitis. Only one severe pneumococcal infection (meningitis) was observed in the 275 non-HIV-infected patients with SCD (P = .000001). Our results show that pneumococcal infection appears to occur frequently and is often serious in HIV-infected adults with SCD.
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PMID:Severe pneumococcal sepsis and meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with sickle cell disease. 152 Jul 68

We performed a prospective study of all infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae documented during a 22-month period at our hospital. A total of 163 clinically significant strains of S. pneumoniae were isolated from 139 patients whose ages ranged from 8 days to 91 years (mean +/- SD, 42.6 years +/- 26.8 years). Twenty percent of the patients had cancer, and 18% were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pneumococcal infection was nosocomially acquired in one-fourth of cases. One-third of patients had nonpneumonic disease. A wide range of serotypes were isolated, and 42.5% of all strains were nonsusceptible--i.e., showed either intermediate or high-level resistance--to penicillin. The rates of resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline were 23%, 10.8%, and 48.2%, respectively. Twenty-two percent of the infected patients died, with a 15.8% mortality directly attributable to pneumococcal infection. Factors associated with infection by strains of S. pneumoniae not susceptible to penicillin included an age of less than or equal to 10 years, immunosuppression, the presence of a rapidly fatal underlying disease, previous antimicrobial therapy, and infection by serotypes 14 and 23. All clinically significant isolates of S. pneumoniae should be submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility studies, and, whenever a high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and macrolides is detected, the use of these well-established empirical therapeutic regimens should be reconsidered.
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PMID:Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin: a prospective microbiological and clinical study. 155 28