Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Understanding the mode of replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is necessary for explaining the natural history of HIV infection and for the development of therapeutic and prophylactic agents. The life cycle of HIV involves infective particles, the attachment of the virus to specific cell receptors, reverse transcription of the viral RNA into DNA by using viral encoded enzymes, integration of the viral DNA into the host genome, use of the host machinery to transcribe and translate viral genes, and the formation of budding particles. Viral encoded genes, regulated by a complex interaction of viral and host proteins with viral sequences, ultimately encode for the viral structural proteins, regulatory proteins, and enzymes necessary for the formation of mature infectious particles. Blocking one or more steps in the viral life cycle and preventing enhancement of virus production are important approaches in the control of HIV.
Ear Nose Throat J 1990 Jun
PMID:Virology of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 219 58

Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can prolong survival and enhance the quality of life in affected patients, although neither immune reconstitution nor cure can be achieved. Zidovudine is now the only licensed treatment. It is effective but sometimes toxic. Zidovudine decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections but does not prevent them, and concurrent prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be given to those patients at greatest risk of this infection. Most patients should have serial CD4+ T-cell determinations to assess their degree of immunodeficiency. Many investigational anti-HIV agents are being studied, and future treatments are likely to use multiple agents in combination or in sequence over many years.
Ear Nose Throat J 1990 Jul
PMID:Current treatment for human immunodeficiency virus infection. 220 73

Rosai-Dorfman disease, or sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare histiocytosis of unknown etiology that most commonly involves the cervical lymph nodes. Extranodal involvement occurs in 30-40% of cases, most often in the head and neck. Characteristic histologic findings include emperiopolesis (engulfment) of lymphocytes and S-100 protein positivity. Treatment of Rosai-Dorfman disease is unnecessary unless the disorder becomes life- or organ-threatening, since the disease will resolve spontaneously in most patients. We present what, to the best of our knowledge, is the first reported case of Rosai-Dorfman disease limited to the skin in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. SHML is described and diagnostic and therapeutic measures are reviewed.
Ear Nose Throat J 1998 Oct
PMID:Rosai-Dorfman disease (extranodal sinus histiocytosis) in a patient with HIV. 981 38

Primary sinonasal infections caused by atypical mycobacteria are rare. In fact, only four examples of a primary nontuberculous mycobacterial etiology of paranasal sinusitis have been cited in the literature. The patients in all these cases were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and, by definition, they all had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We present a report of an immunocompetent adult with a history of chronic sinusitis who consistently and repeatedly manifested a fast-growing, nonpigmented, atypical mycobacterium of the Runyon group IV category: Mycobacterium chelonae. The patient was successfully treated over a 3-year period with a combination of antimicrobial agents, multiple limited endoscopic sinus surgeries, and eventually a total globe-sparing maxillectomy. At this time, the patient is disease-free and has received no further treatment. This case represents the first report of an immunocompetent adult host with a primary atypical mycobacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses. It also demonstrates the multimodal nature of the treatment of atypical mycobacterial infections. We also discuss the Byzantine classification scheme relative to atypical mycobacteria, the disease process in the immunocompromised host, and the various treatment options.
Ear Nose Throat J 1999 May
PMID:Initial report of primary sinusitis caused by an atypical pathogen (Mycobacterium chelonae) in an immunocompetent adult. 1035 97

We report a previously undescribed method of removing multiple oral papillomas, which we performed on 5 men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Patients were brought to the operating room and placed under general anesthesia. In addition, 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine was injected under and around the lesions. We then removed the lesions with a Tricut laryngeal blade attached to a handheld powered shaver Postoperatively, patients were sent home on clindamycin, a pain medication, and Peridex. At the 1-week follow-up, patients reported only minimal pain, and their wounds were well healed. We observed no adverse events associated with the shaving procedure. Our method expedites the process of removing multiple oral cavity papillomas while reducing the morbidity generally associated with other procedures.
Ear Nose Throat J 2005 May
PMID:Use of a powered shaver to remove multiple oral cavity papillomas. 1597 51

Nose-ear-throat manifestations of immunodeficiency disorders represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians as these diseases often constitute the initial sign for connective disorders or autoimmune disease. The history of chronic rhinosinusitis and conductive hearing loss is often non specific. Therefore attention to an HLA class I deficiency must be considered if the disease has not been diagnosed on routine examination. One of the syndromes is due to a defective TAP complex, the peptide transporter complex associated with antigen presentation. Herein, we report two sisters with TAP-deficiency. The treatment of choice for TAP-deficient patients is conservative.
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PMID:TAP deficiency syndrome: chronic rhinosinusitis and conductive hearing loss. 1828 80

While the prevalence of acute otitis media complications in pediatric patients has decreased over the past 30 years because of effective antibiotic therapy, the incidence has begun to rise again recently, possibly because of increased antibiotic resistance. Patients who simultaneously manifest multiple complications may require a more thorough evaluation, including an immunologic work-up. The presented case should encourage physicians to investigate the possibility of an underlying immunodeficiency when treating patients with multiple simultaneous complications of acute otitis media.
Ear Nose Throat J 2008 May
PMID:Multiple simultaneous complications of acute otitis media in a child diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease: a case report. 1857 82

We identified 3 patients with chronic, asymptomatic HIV who presented between 2001 and 2005 with spontaneous nasal septal abscesses in the absence of previous trauma, nasal surgery, sinusitis, infection, or immunodeficiency. A MEDLINE search revealed no other cases of spontaneous isolated nasal septal abscesses. Each of our patients presented to the emergency department with complaints of fever and headaches; 2 of them also had nasal obstruction, nasal and lip swelling, and pain. Clinical examinations and imaging studies revealed isolated anterior nasal septal abscesses. In each case, incision and drainage was performed immediately, and antibiotics started. One patient had an early loss of septal cartilage and nasal support, which developed into a crooked and saddle-nose deformity requiring reconstruction 7 months later. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in all 3 cases. To the best of our knowledge, these are the only 3 cases of spontaneous isolated nasal septal abscess reported in the literature. We discuss the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, as well as reconstructive techniques.
Ear Nose Throat J 2009 Aug
PMID:Three spontaneous occurrences of nasal septal abscess in patients with chronic asymptomatic HIV-the need for early intervention and reconstruction. 1968 16

Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of death worldwide after human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and is especially prevalent in developing countries. We report a case of primary sinonasal tuberculosis without pulmonary involvement, which is rare, in a 27-year old female Nigerian fish farmer. She had a 3-year history of right-eye proptosis, bilateral nasal masses, and epistaxis. Cranial computed tomography suggested an extensive sinonaso-orbital neoplastic lesion. We performed a right external frontoethmoidectomy. Histologically, the excised nasal polyps revealed tuberculosis. Six months of antituberculosis therapy provided satisfactory improvement. Sinonasal tuberculosis, despite its rarity, should be added to the differential diagnosis of nasal and paranasal sinus disorders, and histologic evaluation remains the hallmark of diagnosis. Therapy with a short-duration, multidrug combination, rather than the longer-duration treatment regimen hitherto used, could be quite valuable, especially in the setting of a developing country with poor patient compliance.
Ear Nose Throat J 2009 Sep
PMID:Primary sinonasal tuberculosis in a Nigerian woman presenting with epistaxis and proptosis: a case report. 1975 Apr 61

Laryngeal cancer in patients younger than 30 years is uncommon. We present data on this population obtained from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. We identified 99 patients in this age group from the SEER 17 registry, which includes data submitted from 1973 through 2003. This population was made up of 52 females and 47 males; most were white, and most were aged 25 to 29 years. Malignancies of the glottis were the most common cancers, followed by supraglottic lesions. The 5-year relative survival rate was lowest among those aged 15 to 19 years-60.1%; 5-year relative survival among those aged 20 to 24 and 25 to 29 years was 87.7 and 87.4%, respectively. The etiology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in children and adolescents remains uncertain, but in the adult population, a history of smoking, drinking, and poor oral hygiene cannot be ignored. Carcinoma of the larynx in young people has been related to malignant degeneration of papillomas and to complications of radiotherapy for papillomas. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus possibly accelerates the development of SCC in patients with significant risk factors, presumably by impairing normal immune surveillance mechanisms.
Ear Nose Throat J 2010 Apr
PMID:Laryngeal cancer in patients younger than 30 years: a review of 99 cases. 2039 49


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