Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a devastating new disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This retrovirus causes profound immunoincompetence in its infected hosts, who are thereafter susceptible to develop myriad severe and relapsing protozoal, fungal, bacterial, viral, and arthropodal opportunistic infections, as well as unusual malignancies. The more than 50,000 patients who have developed AIDS in the United States have produced a sudden unexpected deluge of diagnostic dilemmas that are stressing laboratories of pathology everywhere. This paper describes the gross and microscopic pathology of the numerous complications in patients infected by HIV: (a) the prodromal AIDS-related complex with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, (b) lymphoid infiltration of salivary gland and lung, including the complex of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis-pulmonary lymphoid hyperplasia, (c) extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, (d) multifocal mucocutaneous and visceral Kaposi's sarcoma, (e) small cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinomas, (f) protozoal infections caused by Pneumocystis carinii, Toxoplasma gondii, Acanthamoeba, Cryptosporidium species (sp.), and Isospora belli, (g) the causes of chronic enteritis, (h) mycotic infections caused by Candida sp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Sporothrix schenckii, (i) bacterial infections caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, Nocardia sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella sp., Treponema pallidum, and others, (j) viral infections caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and zoster, polyomavirus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), hepatitis B, molluscum contagiosum, and papillomavirus, (k) oral hairy leukoplakia, (l) subacute encephalopathy, and (m) Norwegian scabies.
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PMID:The pathology of AIDS. 283 78

Since the mid-1980s, worldwide reports confirm that scabies in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) result in a wide range of-clinical manifestations which differ from those seen in immunocompetent patients. There is also general agreement that HIV-related scabies is more difficult to treat. Oral ivermectin has been shown in several countries to be a safe and effective therapy. In otherwise healthy persons, one dose of 200 microg/kg is usually curative. In HIV-related scabies, one treatment may be curative but repeated doses may be required. Crusted scabies in these individual requires a combination of oral ivermectin, total body treatments with 5% permethrin cream, and keratolytic agents to hasten removal of crusts.
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PMID:Treatment of HIV-related scabies with emphasis on the efficacy of ivermectin. 930 Jun 35

Isolates cases and groups of patients co-infected with human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and Norwegian scabies have been previously reported. Peru is considered to be endemic for HTLV-I. Between June 1999 and December 2000, 23 patients with Norwegian scabies were enrolled in this study after written informed consent was obtained. Antibodies against HTLV-I were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmatory Western blot. Patients ranged in age from 3 months to 84 years; 15 (65.2%) were female. Infection with HTLV-I was found in 16 (69.6%) patients. Comorbid features included corticosteroid therapy (8.6%), malnutrition (8.6%), and Down's syndrome (4.3%). Among those who consented to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (n = 13, 56.5%), no one had a positive result. The three patients that reported one or more prior episodes of Norwegian scabies were infected with HTLV-I and two of these HTLV-I-positive patients died. Infection with HTLV-I is an important co-factor related to Norwegian scabies in Peru. In our setting, the evaluation for HTLV-I in all Norwegian scabies cases is highly recommended, especially when no other risk factors are apparent.
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PMID:Norwegian scabies in Peru: the impact of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I infection. 1596 76

Crusted scabies is a rare manifestation of scabies characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of mites in the skin. In immunocompromised patients, this infestation is characterized by crusted lesions. The occurrence of the disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and the widespread use of immunosuppressive agents has led to a renewed interest in the disease. Early recognition and treatment is necessary to avoid an outbreak of scabies. This review highlights the pathogenesis, predisposing factors, clinical features and treatment of crusted scabies.
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PMID:Crusted scabies. 1958 57

Crusted scabies is a rare manifestation of scabies characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of mites in the skin. It is common in patients with sensory neuropathy, mentally retarded persons and in patients who are immunosuppressed. Further, crusted scabies can rarely present as erythroderma (<0.5% cases) necessitating a high index of suspicion for its diagnosis. Because of its rare occurrence, we are reporting a case of crusted scabies presenting as erythroderma, in a human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patient.
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PMID:Crusted Scabies: Presenting as erythroderma in a human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patient. 2719 Apr 17

Crusted scabies is a severe, highly contagious form of classic scabies caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis. Crusted scabies is more common in immunosuppressed populations and overcrowded environments. In this condition, the host's immune system is overwhelmed and unable to defend against the mites on the skin, resulting in hyperinfestation of the host. Diagnosis can be challenging because the condition resembles other common skin conditions, such as plaque psoriasis. Furthermore, delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment can lead to worsening of the condition. We report a case of crusted scabies that was initially misdiagnosed in a 34-year-old incarcerated man with multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS. The patient had a complicated but complete recovery after treatment with permethrin and ivermectin was instituted.
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PMID:Misdiagnosed crusted scabies in an AIDS patient leads to hyperinfestation. 2839 15

Crusted scabies (CS) is a highly infectious hyperinfestation variant of scabies with up to millions of Sarcoptes scabiei mites present on the skin surface. Diagnostic clues include intense itching and thick crusting especially on the face, groin, and buttocks, although variable presentations may mimic other dermatoses. CS has been associated with immunosuppression including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and lymphoreticular malignancies.1-3 A long latency period from symptom onset to diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often reported. Clinical suspicion is required to obtain a mineral oil preparation or biopsy. We report a patient treated for eczema with 9 months of progressive immunosuppression who was found to have crusted scabies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17(10):1131-1133.
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PMID:Crusted (Norwegian) Scabies: Nine-Month Course With Iatrogenic Immunosuppression. 3036 96