Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-grade non-Hodgkins B-cell lymphoma is one of the principle malignancies that occurs in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Immunoblastic lymphomas that arise in immunosuppressed transplant patients have been described as both monoclonal and polyclonal, and occur in association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. To test whether polyclonal lymphoma occurred in patients with AIDS we studied tumors from multiple sites in three patients who died with widespread AIDS-associated large cell or large cell immunoblastic lymphoma. All biopsy specimens contained invasive lymphoma. Tumor cells were mature IgM-positive immunoblasts by immunohistochemical analysis, with the same B-cell phenotype observed in all tumor sites. Only a minority of sites from all patients analyzed were monoclonal as measured by immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, with one case having several foci of monoclonal disease with other histologically identical metastases showing no evidence of monoclonal proliferation. Similar to the transplant-associated polyclonal B-cell proliferations. EBV gene sequences were present in multiple sites from one autopsy. In the other two autopsies, polyclonal B-cell proliferations occurred in the absence of EBV involvement except at one site, where a minor clone of EBV-infected cells was found. In contrast to HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma, no c-myc rearrangements were found at any site. These studies describe the occurrence of polyclonal lymphoma in AIDS and suggest that EBV-negative polyclonal lymphoma may be a distinct disease entity unique to HIV-infected individuals.
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PMID:AIDS-associated polyclonal lymphoma: identification of a new HIV-associated disease process. 184 89

Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased incidence of high-grade B-cell lymphoma. In many instances, these lymphomas contain Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) genomes. To investigate the role of EBV in development of HIV-related lymphoma, benign fixed lymph node biopsies from normal individuals and HIV-infected individuals with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) were analyzed for EBV sequences by polymerase chain reaction and in situ DNA hybridization techniques. EBV DNA was not detected in any of 16 benign lymph node biopsies from normal individuals, but could be detected from 13 of 35 PGL biopsies. The EBV-infected cells were present in both follicular and interfollicular areas and in both small and large lymphoid cells. The presence of detectable amounts of EBV DNA in the 13 PGL biopsies was associated with an increased incidence of concurrent lymphoma at another site (n = 3) or development of lymphoma in time (n = 2). In contrast, only 1 of 22 individuals with EBV-negative PGL biopsies developed lymphoma in time (P less than .05). EBV was detected in all five lymphomas in which tissue was available for subsequent analysis, including the lymphoma that developed in the individual without EBV in his previous PGL biopsy. These findings support the hypothesis that EBV plays a role in development of some HIV-related lymphomas. Detectable EBV lymphoproliferations occur in a few PGL biopsies and are associated with a significant risk of EBV DNA-positive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Epstein-Barr virus in benign lymph node biopsies from individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is associated with concurrent or subsequent development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 184 34

The clinicopathologic features of 45 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (mainly intravenous drug users [IVDU]) with lymphoid neoplasias seen from September 1984 through July 1990 at an Italian cancer center are reviewed. Thirty-five had systemic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and ten had Hodgkin's disease (HD). Histologically, 27 NHL cases were intermediate grade (five cases) or high grade (22 cases, 14 of the small noncleaved cell type), according to the Working Formulation. Eight NHL cases, including four anaplastic large cell (ALC) BerH2 (CD30)-positive lymphomas, were in the miscellaneous group. Immunohistologic and/or gene rearrangement analysis showed the B-cell origin of 20 of the 24 NHL cases studied. At presentation, 71% of NHL patients had advanced stages (Stage III or IV), and 85% had extranodal disease (predominantly gastrointestinal tract and marrow). Of the 23 patients evaluable for treatment, only seven had a complete clinical response after lymphoma therapy; the median survival of 34 evaluable patients was 22 months after the diagnosis of NHL. Fifteen patients died; most deaths were attributable to progressive lymphoma and opportunistic infections. As with NHL, advanced disease, extranodal involvement, aggressive histologic findings, and poor response to therapy were also observed in patients with HD. This study shows that lymphoid neoplasias occurring in Italian IVDU with HIV infection and those previously reported in North American homosexual men with HIV infection share similar clinicopathologic features. However, some features such as the absence of history of Kaposi's sarcoma at diagnosis, the lack of detection of primary brain and rectal NHL, and the occurrence of B-cell ALC BerH2 (CD30)-positive NHL were observed uniquely in this series of patients.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic study of lymphoid neoplasias associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Italy. 185 83

A 27-year-old woman with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented with a stage IE, diffuse, large cell lymphoma of the right maxillary sinus. A test for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus was positive. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy and local maxillary sinus irradiation which resulted in complete regression of the disease. Therapy was complicated by mucositis, neutropenia, and opportunistic infections. This is the first case report to discuss the presentation and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma of the maxillary sinus.
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PMID:Lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 186 39

The prevalence of dermatologic problems during the course of human immunodeficiency virus infection makes knowledge of these skin manifestations imperative to all practicing dermatologists. Detection of early infection is encouraged as effective therapy now exists both to delay the progression of human immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency and to prevent opportunistic infections. Skin manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection discussed in this article include the following groups: neoplastic, ie, Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma; infectious, ie, viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and arthropod infestations; and a miscellaneous group including papulosquamous, papular, vascular, autoimmune, oral, and drug-related skin disorders.
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PMID:Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Part I. 189 8

Increasing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related tuberculosis have been noted and recently the clinical importance of the disease has been mentioned. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is more difficult in those patients with HIV seropositive than those with seronegative, because those with seropositive have atypical clinical features. A 29-year-old male, who was infected with HIV heterosexually in Central Africa in 1986, was admitted to our hospital with a history of general malaise and weight loss in April, 1989. Laboratory and physical examinations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, the elevation of LDH, and giant intraabdominal lymphadenopathies, suspecting malignant lymphoma. Mycobacterium was isolated from the sputa in April and was confirmed as M. tuberculosis using a DNA probe in May, 1989. Clinical symptoms including giant lymphadenopathies and laboratory abnormalities improved with antituberculosis therapy. Development of a rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis was warranted in this case.
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PMID:[A case of human-immunodeficiency virus infection related Mycobacterium tuberculosis with atypical clinical features]. 191 20

Three types of lymphoma of the central nervous system are known: primary non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML), secondary NHML and neurological lesions of Hodgkin's disease. NHML's are rare tumours, often associated with immunodeficiency and presenting predominantly as neuropsychological disorders. In this study 8 patients were explored by CT and MRI, with pathological confirmation. None of our patients had AIDS. The most typical neuroradiological image of this type of tumour is that of a large and intensely contrast-enhanced tumoral mass which is often multifocal and periventricular with infiltration of the subarachnoidal spaces and leptomeninges. Mass effect and perifocal oedema are less pronounced than expected with tumours of that size. NHML's may totally regress under corticosteroid therapy. This tumour of obscure aetiology must be recognized as it is now increasingly frequent.
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PMID:Primary and secondary lymphomas of the brain: an MRI study. 191 83

Primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) develop a condition similar to the human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The close resemblance between the simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) and the human disease has led to the widespread use of SIV-infected monkeys as an animal model in the study of acquired immunodeficiency. We have investigated the use of standard anti-human antibodies for the immunohistochemical analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from monkeys with SAIDS. With the exception of antibodies UCHL1 (CD45RO), MT1 (CD43), 4KB5 (CD45RA), and Ber H2 (CD30), our routine (human) lymphoma panel of markers worked successfully on the animal tissues. Using the anti-human antibodies, we were able to analyse the phenotypes of two cases of malignant lymphoma arising in a study group of 26 SIV-infected rhesus monkeys. Both of the cases stained with the antibodies WR16 (CD45RA) and L26 (CD20), and the B-cell lineage of the lymphomas was confirmed by the detection of IgA lambda immunoglobulin expression in one case, and IgM heavy chain in the other. We therefore report the successful use of anti-human antibodies in the immunohistochemical analysis of lymphomas arising in non-human primates infected with SIV.
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PMID:Phenotypic analysis of malignant lymphoma in simian immunodeficiency virus infection using anti-human antibodies. 191 70

We established persistent infection with a strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, HTLV-IIIB, in a promyelomonocytic cell line, ML-1 (CD4 antigen nearly negative and CD4 mRNA negative), and a promonocytic cell line, THP-1 (CD4 antigen positive). Different reaction of giant cell formation was found after co-cultivation of infected and uninfected cells of ML-1, HL-60, THP-1 and U-937 cell lines with uninfected and infected MOLT4 (a T-lymphoma cell line).
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection in cells of myeloid-monocytic lineage. 192 64

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suffer from serious and life-threatening infections. These patients often present with pyrexia but without localizing signs. Despite its high sensitivity in identifying focal infection 67Ga citrate scintigraphy lacks specificity; lymphoma and solid tumours may also be imaged. This presents particular problems in HIV-positive patients with pyrexia where the differential diagnosis is often between infection and lymphoma. In an attempt to improve the specificity of radionuclide imaging in these patients a combination of 67Ga citrate and the new agent 99Tcm-labelled human immunoglobulin (99Tcm-HIG) was used in 25 patients who were sequentially imaged with the two agents. Fourteen patients had 29 sites of microbiologically confirmed infection; 67Ga citrate identified 27 sites and 99Tcm-HIG identified 16 sites. Seven of the nine sites visualized with 99Tcm-HIG, but positive with 67Ga citrate, were intrathoracic. Abnormal concentration of 67Ga citrate, not due to infection, occurred at eight sites; five lymphoma, one gout, one recent fracture and one patient with prominent bone marrow islands. 99Tcm-HIG showed increased concentration of tracer in only one of the patients with lymphoma. A combination of 67Ga citrate and 99Tcm-HIG imaging in HIV-positive patients with pyrexia of unknown origin enables a differentiation between infection and lymphoma to be made more readily. The poor sensitivity of 99Tcm-HIG in the chest will limit its sole use in this patient group.
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PMID:Combined 67Ga citrate and 99Tcm-human immunoglobulin imaging in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with fever of undetermined origin. 192 50


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