Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously healthy woman had a febrile illness resembling aseptic meningoencephalitis. With the exception of mild increase in both CSF pressure and protein concentration, initial findings were normal, including negative bacterial cultures. Bilateral pyramidal and cerebellar signs with multiple lower cranial nerve pareses developed over a 48-hour period beginning on the tenth hospital day. Repeated blood and CSF studies had previously been nondiagnostic, but at that time, cultures became positive for Listeria monocytogenes. No underlying systemic disease or immunodeficiency was discovered. With appropriate antibiotic and supportive therapy, she made slow but significant improvement and, by the time of discharge from the hospital, had only minimal residual neurologic deficit. Clinical aspects of CNS listeriosis including the rare pontomedullary involvement are discussed.
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PMID:CNS listeriosis: rhomboencephalitis in a healthy, immunocompetent person. 50 67

Five patients with AIDS and Listeria monocytogenes infection (three cases of bacteremia and two of meningitis) are reviewed. Four patients had prior or concurrent gastrointestinal illness. Two patients received corticosteroids. A 7- to 21-day course of ampicillin was administered with or without a 7- to 14-day course of gentamicin. This regimen was effective, with no evidence of relapse 7-8 months after therapy was discontinued. The relative infrequency of infection with L. monocytogenes in AIDS patients is unexpected. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) appears to be essential in the inhibition of Listeria in vivo. Elevated levels of TNF in AIDS patients may be protective against listeriosis and thus help explain the low prevalence of listerial infection in this population. Nonetheless, although L. monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of illness in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, it cannot be dismissed as a cause of undefined meningitis or sepsis.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes infections in patients with AIDS: report of five cases and review. 186 44

Although resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection requires intact T cell-mediated immunity, only 20 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and listeriosis (including one patient described herein) have been reported to date. Listeriosis developed before AIDS in five cases. Syndromes included meningitis in nine cases, bacteremia in nine, brain abscess in one, and endocarditis in one. Eighteen patients were treated with ampicillin, penicillin, or amoxicillin with or without aminoglycosides. Clinical and microbiologic responses were obtained in one patient with bacteremia treated with vancomycin and in one patient with meningitis treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Three of the nine patients with meningitis died, as did the patient with brain abscess. All nine patients with bacteremia and the patient with endocarditis survived. No case of relapse was documented. L. monocytogenes, although uncommon, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness, meningitis, and brain abscess in patients with HIV infection.
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PMID:Listeriosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 201 9

Although listeriosis is an uncommon infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the frequency of listeriosis in New York City has increased because of the increase in the number of HIV-infected patients. The medical records of 30 patients admitted to three medical centers in New York City from 1981 to 1988 with infections due to Listeria monocytogenes were reviewed. Six patients had AIDS, one was seropositive and asymptomatic, and four had risk factors for HIV infection. While the annual number of cases of listeriosis in patients without risk factors for HIV infection was constant, 9 of the 11 patients with AIDS or with risk factors for HIV infection presented with listeriosis between 1985 and 1988, the last half of the survey period. These patients were male homosexuals or intravenous drug abusers, and all but one were black or Hispanic. Manifestations of listeriosis in patients with AIDS or with risk factors for HIV infection included bacteremia without apparent source in seven, meningitis in three, and endocarditis in one, syndromes that were similar to those in patients without risk factors for HIV infection. Ten of 11 patients were treated with penicillin or ampicillin, and 7 were also given an aminoglycoside. All patients responded well to therapy and no relapses were observed. Physicians should include antibiotics effective against L. monocytogenes when treating AIDS patients with meningitis of unknown origin and consider the diagnosis of listeriosis in patients with sepsis of unknown origin.
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PMID:Listeriosis in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and response to therapy. 210 31

Most liver abscesses are caused by Enterobacteriaceae, sometimes associated with anaerobes. Listeriosis is an exceptional cause of liver abscess, usually in a context of disseminated infections. We report the case of a diabetic woman who had liver abscess due to Listeria monocytogenes. The organism was isolated after guided needle aspiration, and there was no other site of infection. The course of the disease gradually moved towards recovery under an antibiotic therapy that was based on sensitivity tests. A search for immunodeficiency proved negative. A review of the literature showed that the rare cases of listerial liver abscess share a common factor, diabetes mellitus, the importance of which has not yet been noticed.
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PMID:[Listeria monocytogenes liver abscess. In a diabetic patient]. 214 66

Persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of infection with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) than the general population. We quantify the risk of listeriosis in persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HIV infection in Los Angeles County (LAC) and report the LM serotype distribution among HIV-infected patients with listeriosis. Active surveillance for listeriosis was performed in LAC during most of the period from 1985 through 1992. Thirty-four (10%) of 351 nonperinatal cases of listeriosis reported in LAC from 1985 through 1992 were in HIV-infected persons, 25 of whom met the 1987 AIDS case definition. The incidence of listeriosis was 95.8 and 8.8 cases per 100,000 person-years among persons with AIDS and all HIV-infected persons, respectively, but only 1.0 case per 100,000 person-years in the total population. Excluding cases from a 1985 listeriosis epidemic associated with consumption of contaminated Mexican-style cheese, 11 (65%) of 17 HIV-infected persons with available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b, whereas only 64 (31%) of 208 other persons with listeriosis and available isolates were infected with LM serotype 1/2b (odds ratio = 4.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-14.1). LM serogroup 1/2b may have been more common among HIV-infected persons in LAC than among other persons with listeriosis because of differences in diet or sexual practices, or to chance alone. Persons with HIV-infection, especially those with AIDS, should be educated in avoiding foods at high risk of listerial contamination, such as soft cheeses, foods sold from delicatessen counters, and undercooked chicken.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes infection and serotype distribution among HIV-infected persons in Los Angeles County, 1985-1992. 769 42

Many bacterial, protozoal and viral infections trigger a cell-mediated immune response. Of special importance for the clinical outcome of disease, however, is the relative predominance of T helper (Th) cell populations (Th1 and Th2) secreting different patterns of lymphokines. Preferential development of one Th subset occurs apparent at the early stages of an infection, suggesting that the mechanisms driving the immune response in one direction or the other operate soon after exposure to the antigen. Cytokines are among the most important factors regulating T cell differentiation and expansion of the different T cell subtypes. As in experimental candidiasis, listeriosis, yersiniosis and murine retrovirus induced immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS), interleukin-4 (IL-4) is of central importance also for the clinical course of murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. It has been demonstrated that the presence of IL-4 is essential for the development of disease promoting Th2 cells whereas neutralization of IL-4 in vivo led to establishment of protective immunity against leishmania. A naturally occurring antagonist of IL-4 is the soluble IL-4 receptor (sIL-4R), which retains its ligand binding properties and binds IL-4 with high affinity. We therefore examined the immunomodulatory and therapeutic capacity of recombinant sIL-4R in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. BALB/c mice were treated with recombinant sIL-4+ during the onset of the immune response. This treatment rendered BALB/c mice clinically resistant to Leishmania major (L. major), led to reduced parasite load, shifted the pattern of cytokines towards Th1 type and provided durable resistance against reinfection with L. major.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Soluble IL-4 receptor, potential for therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. 775 7

The incidence, demographics, and clinical outcome of infections due to Listeria monocytogenes in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated by prospective population-based surveillance. During a 2-year study period, 37 cases of invasive listeriosis occurred in metropolitan Atlanta (annual incidence, 0.8 case per 100,000 population). Seven of these cases occurred in known HIV-infected individuals (19% of all cases); five had an AIDS-defining illness, and the other two had CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of < 200/microL. The estimated incidence of listeriosis among HIV-infected patients in metropolitan Atlanta was 52 cases per 100,000 patients per year, and among patients with AIDS it was 115 cases per 100,000 patients per year, rates 65-145 times higher than those among the general population. HIV-associated cases occurred in adults who were 29-62 years of age and in postnatal infants who were 2 and 6 months of age. Mortality among the HIV-infected group was 29%. L. monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b were isolated from the HIV-infected patients. L. monocytogenes is an important opportunistic pathogen in HIV-infected patients.
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PMID:Increased risk of meningitis and bacteremia due to Listeria monocytogenes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 839 70

Pregnant women are exposed to many biological, eg microbial, agents, which are potentially harmful to the fetus. The reported rates of vertical transmission of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus vary between 3 to 90% and 0 to 65%, respectively. The susceptibility to hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency infection is increased in pregnant physicians, midwives, and nurses because of the bloodborne nature of these viruses. Also, TORCH (toxoplasmosis-rubella-cytomegalovirus-herpes) infections, acquired during pregnancy, may result in congenital infection, and serious sequelae in the neonatal period or years after birth. Schoolteachers and daycare personnel have an increased risk of perinatal varicella, "fifth disease," and mumps. Perinatal listeriosis affects one in 20,000 births and may result in fetal wastage. Because of the risk of the possibility of vertical transmission, immunization during pregnancy with live virus vaccines is not recommended.
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PMID:Biological agents and pregnancy. 852 Sep 61

The aly is a unique spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation in mice that causes a systemic defect of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We investigated host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection in the mutant. The 50% lethal dose of L. monocytogenes in aly/aly mice was 10-fold higher than their heterozygotes, termed aly/+mice, or their wild-type C57BL/6 mice. The bacterial growth in the spleens and livers of aly/aly mice was more efficient early in infection, and their listericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages was higher than those of aly/+mice. In contrast, the complete elimination of bacteria from the spleens and livers of infected mice in the late stage of infection, in which a T-cell-dependent mechanism is required, was delayed in the aly/aly mice. Moreover, an acquired resistance against secondary infection with L. monocytogenes was markedly diminished in the aly/aly mice. The production of endogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which are critical in antilisterial resistance, was reduced in the aly/aly mice during the infection. The production of IFN-gamma, and interleukin-4 was also diminished in the spleen cell cultures of aly/aly mice when stimulated with heat-killed L. monocytogenes or the T-cell receptors were directly stimulated with anti-CD3-epsilon monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that acquired immunity against L. monocytogenes infection is attenuated in aly/aly mice, and that the insufficient production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha might be involved in the immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes is reciprocal during the course of infection in alymphoplastic aly mutant mice. 973 96


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