Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While it has been accepted practice to screen women undergoing infertility evaluation for syphilis, there are few data in the literature regarding the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in infertile patients despite the increasing number of HIV-positive women. In the present study, six out of 2137 infertility patients were seropositive for syphilis (0.28%) and four out of 791 were HIV positive (0.5%). All four women with HIV antibodies had negative tests for syphilis and none of them related any risk factor for HIV infection on their initial visit. The 0.5% sero-positivity rate found in our study warrants routine HIV testing in infertile patients.
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PMID:Results of routine syphilitic and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serology in infertility. 143 Jan 38

The presence of antibodies to pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 were assessed in women consecutively hospitalized in Zimbabwe with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID; n = 66), infertility (n = 227), and ectopic pregnancy (n = 60). Women delivering live full-term infants served as controls. Of the infertile women, 60% had secondary infertility; 59% had macroscopic evidence of a tubal abnormality. Women with PID, infertility and tubal disease, and ectopic pregnancy and tubal disease had significantly higher prevalences of antibodies against C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae than did controls or women with infertility or ectopic pregnancy but no macroscopic tubal abnormalities (P less than .001 for all comparisons). The prevalence of antibody to chlamydia increased with age (P = .01), unlike the gonococcal antibody. Antibodies to C. trachomatis were associated with a history of PID, being single, a positive Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, and chlamydial antibody. None of the controls had human immunodeficiency virus, unlike 3.9%-7.6% of the other women. Tubal abnormalities were implicated in more than half of the cases of infertility.
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PMID:The role of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis in pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae in Zimbabwe. 197 97

Artificial insemination with donor semen has become a well established alternative for couples with untreatable male factor infertility. Because of the widespread use of donor insemination, and the increasing awareness and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, the American Fertility Society recently redrafted procedural guidelines for the use of donor screening for insemination. Our series of donor screenings is reported to emphasize the necessity of donor evaluations at frequent intervals. From June 1986 through August 1987, 48 healthy male volunteers presented as potential semen donors for our donor program. Each was evaluated with a careful medical history, physical examination and 2 semen analyses for evidence of sexually transmitted disease. On initial evaluation, no donor presented with a positive human immunodeficiency virus antibody, abnormal karyotype, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, rapid plasma reagent, or positive cultures for Chlamydia or Mycoplasma. One potential donor was excluded because of a positive hepatitis B-core antibody and 1 because of a positive IgM test for cytomegalovirus. At initial examination 3 potential donors had a positive culture for Ureaplasma; all 3 were treated with 3 weeks of tetracycline, and repeat cultures were all negative. Routine followup screening was performed on all donors at 3-month intervals for all sexually transmitted diseases. During this 14-month period cultures converted to positive for Ureaplasma in 4 donors. Furthermore, 1 donor at 6 months contracted gonorrhea. He was treated but no longer used as a donor. Since initiation of the outlined protocol more than 800 inseminations have been performed using fresh semen with no case of sexually transmitted diseases reported from our recipients. We conclude that careful sexual history, and frequent donor and semen evaluation are necessary for prevention of diseases that might be transmitted sexually. If these precautions are strictly observed use of donor semen is safe and effective.
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PMID:Artificial insemination with donor semen: the necessity of frequent donor screening. 215 44

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are now the most common group of identifiable infectious diseases in many countries, especially among those ages 15-50 and in infants. Their control is important considering the high incidence of acute infections, complications and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and their role in increasing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). THe worldwide incidence of major bacterial and viral STDs is estimated to be over 125 million cases yearly. STDs are hyperendemic in many developing countries. However, in industrialized countries, the bacterial STDs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid declined from their peak during WW II until the late 1950s, increased during the 1960s and early 1970s, and have again decreased since that time. In the industrialized world, diseases due to Chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpes virus, human papillomaviruses, and HIV are now more significant than the classical bacterial ones; both groups remain major health problems in most developing countries. Infection rates are similar in both men and women, but women and infants bear the major burden of complications and serious sequelae. Infertility and ectopic pregnancy are often a result of pelvic inflammatory disease and are preventable. STDs in pregnant women can result in prematurity, stillbirth, and neonatal infections. In many areas, 1-5% of newborns are at risk of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, a disease that blinds and congenital syphilis causes up to 25% of perinatal mortality. Genital and anal cancers (especially cervical cancer) are associated with viral STDs (genital human papillomavirus and herpes virus infections). Urethral stricture and infertility are frequent sequelae in men. (author's modified)
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PMID:Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases: the global picture. 228

In this study we investigated whether elevated levels of the inflammatory mediator granulocyte elastase in seminal plasma were associated with increased numbers of CD4+ T helper/inducer lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in semen, the principal host cells of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Semen samples were obtained from 105 men attending an infertility clinic. CD4+ lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and cells expressing the common leukocyte antigen (CD45) were identified by monoclonal antibodies (MAb's) in a biotinstreptavidin immunoperoxidase technique. Granulocyte elastase levels in seminal plasma were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 17 men, granulocyte elastase levels were higher than 1000 ng/ml seminal plasma, indicating male genital tract inflammation. Compared to men with low/normal granulocyte elastase levels in semen (less than 250 ng/ml), these men showed significantly higher mean numbers of total leukocytes, CD4+ lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in semen (P less than 0.001); median cell numbers for the group with high/inflammatory granulocyte elastase levels were increased 38-fold for total leukocytes (19,800,000 versus 520,625 per ejaculate), 19-fold for monocytes/macrophages (2,594,000 versus 134,565), and 6-fold for CD4+ lymphocytes (82,900 versus 14,100). Because of the increased numbers of potential HIV-host cells in inflammatory semen, male genital tract inflammation may be an important cofactor in the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Male genital tract inflammation associated with increased numbers of potential human immunodeficiency virus host cells in semen. 326 65

To compare the psychological symptoms of infertile women with patients with other chronic medical conditions, subjects completed the Symptom Checklist-90 (Revised) (SCL-90R), a standardized, validated and widely used psychological questionnaire, prior to enrolling in a group behavioral treatment program. All subjects were female and the totals in each program were as follows: 149 with infertility, 136 with chronic pain, 22 undergoing cardiac rehabilitation, 93 with cancer, 77 with hypertension, and 11 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive status. The infertile women had global symptom scores equivalent to the cancer, cardiac rehabilitation and hypertension patients, but lower scores than the chronic pain and HIV-positive patients (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.02 respectively). The anxiety and depression scores of the infertile women were significantly lower than chronic pain patients but not statistically different from the other groups. The results suggest that the psychological symptoms associated with infertility are similar to those associated with other serious medical conditions. Therefore, standard psychosocial interventions for serious medical illness should also be applied in infertility treatment.
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PMID:The psychological impact of infertility: a comparison with patients with other medical conditions. 814 88

There is a growing awareness of the burden and implications of reproductive ill health as contributed by unsafe motherhood (during pregnancy, childbirth, abortion), reproductive tract infection (RTIs) and cancer, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), poorly regulated fertility, infertility, unwanted pregnancy and adolescent/teenage sexuality and pregnancy. Sexual health further entails a state of well-being in expression of sexuality, prevention of unwanted pregnancies, prevention of STIs and AIDS and freedom from sexual abuse and violence. Reproductive health is increasingly being recognized as one of the corner stones of health and a major determinant and indicator of human social development. It is central to general health as it reflects health in childhood and adolescence and sets the stage for health and life expectancy beyond the reproductive years. It is affected by other health aspects such as nutrition and environment, low birth weight, neonatal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. According to the WHO, reproductive health problems account for more than one third of the total burden of disease in women and more than 10 pc of that in men. The challenges posed by the subordinate status of women, the exclusion of men in reproductive health programmes and the need for shaping adolescents' sexual knowledge and behaviour are viewed against today's poor reproductive and sexual health outcomes in the context of Africa. Education systems, employers and policy makers are challenged to provide adequate STI/HIV education and on-site (school, work, satellite, drop in) control services. Prevention interventions, disease and health trends and their outcome require systematic research in order to impact on policy. Reproductive health education should be universal, especially for adolescents, and its impact assessed against appropriate monitoring criteria such as reproductive morbidity, STI prevalence and abortion complications.
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PMID:Reproductive and sexual health: a research and developmental challenge. 865 76

Epidemiologic trends in sexually transmitted diseases strongly vary in the world. The situation is worrying in the developing countries. Both the incidences and prevalences are very high antibiotic resistance is expanding and interactions between sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus contribute to AIDS epidemic. In western Europe, the decline of some sexually transmitted diseases is likely to be linked with successful control programmes and gonorrhea and syphilis now are rare diseases. The USA situation is contrasted. Some inner-city minority population still have high level of gonorrhea and are concerned with resurgence of syphilis and chancroid. Chlamydia trachomatis infections, which are a major, cause of infertility and ectopic pregnancy, have become the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in industrialized world.
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PMID:[Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases, with the exception of AIDS]. 897

Bloom syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by lupus-like erythematous telangiectasias of the face, sun sensitivity, stunted growth infertility and immunodeficiency. In addition, BS patients are highly predisposed to cancers. Although recently the causative gene of BS (BLM) was identified as a DNA helicase homologue, the function of BLM in DNA replication has not been elucidated. In this study, p53 mutation and microsatellite instability in B-cell lymphomas originating from 2 sibling BS patients were investigated. In the originally developed tumor of both patients, no p53 mutation was detected. In one patient, however, after treatment by ionizing radiation the B-cell lymphoma recurred, showing a 9-bp deletion in exon 7. In lymphoma cells and an EB-virus-transformed cell line from BS lymphocytes of this patient, microsatellite instability was also detected from the reduced length of microsatellite DNA markers, although in the other patient microsatellite instability was not detected. Thus, 2 B-cell lymphomas, despite having the same BLM mutation, showed different phenotypes in terms of p53 mutation and microsatellite instability.
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PMID:Microsatellite instability in B-cell lymphoma originating from Bloom syndrome. 898 Feb 51

The increasing demand for fertility advice among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women under our care led us to review the incidence of infertility and the ethical problems associated with its management. All HIV-positive women who attended the HIV outpatients clinic from October 1990 to the end of January 1996 were studied. The main outcome measures were: the number of women undergoing infertility investigations before and after HIV diagnosis, their demographic and social details, and the outcome of these investigations. Most of the 183 women studied were in their reproductive years (mean age 32.7 +/- 6.7 years). Nine women had undergone infertility investigations, and/or treatment before HIV diagnosis, three of whom were diagnosed with HIV during routine testing prior to IVF treatment. Six declined further infertility treatment after discovering their HIV status. Eight women have undergone infertility investigations after HIV diagnosis but none have achieved pregnancy to date. Management decisions may have been hampered by ethical uncertainties in several cases. In conclusion therefore, as requests for infertility treatment from HIV-infected women occur and may become more common as the prevalence of HIV infection in women continues to rise, the ethical issues associated with the management of this problem demand urgent attention so that clear guidelines are available to aid treatment decisions.
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PMID:Infertility among human immunodeficiency virus-positive women: incidence and treatment dilemmas. 913 Jul 30


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