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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary hypertension may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary. While the etiologies for secondary pulmonary hypertension are diverse, infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been included. To date there have been 16 reported cases of pulmonary hypertension in the HIV-infected population. Plexogenic arteriopathy was the most common pathologic finding. We report two HIV-infected patients who were concomitantly found to have pulmonary hypertension with plexogenic arteriopathy. One patient had lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, an entity not previously associated with pulmonary hypertension. We review the 16 previous cases of pulmonary hypertension and HIV infection and discuss this association.
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Two reports and a review of the literature. 173 75

We describe clinical and postmortem findings in a 44-year-old man with pulmonary hypertension and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Plexogenic angiopathy and veno-occlusive lesions were present, in addition to a mild, patchy pulmonary interstitial lymphoid infiltrate. The clinical data for 14 previously reported cases of HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension are summarized. We speculate that these vascular changes may be due to damage from a specific immune response to HIV.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a non-hemophiliac man. 174 Mar 4

A prospective evaluation of 74 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with cardiopulmonary complaints revealed six patients (8.1 percent) with pulmonary hypertension with elevated right ventricular systolic over right atrial pressure of 58 +/- 8 mm Hg (range, 49 to 66 mm Hg), as documented by Doppler echocardiography. A thromboembolic cause was excluded by normal lung perfusion scans. Electrocardiographic and roentgenographic features of pulmonary hypertension were present in five patients. Two patients died three and nine months after diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Autopsy revealed plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in both. The observation of six patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) in a cohort of 1,200 HIV-infected subjects corresponding to an incidence of 0.5 percent is striking and suggests a possible association of PPH with HIV infection.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension in HIV infection. 144 34

A 31-year-old woman, heroin addict since ten years, and infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since one year, was admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure (PaO2 = 40 mmHg and PaCO2 = 14.8 mmHg, despite breathing pure oxygen). She had been followed up for 6 months for increasing dyspnoea due to chronic cor pulmonale for which no satisfactory explanation had been put forward. Artificial ventilation with 8 cmH2O positive end-expiratory pressure and 100% oxygen was completely inefficient. She died within a few hours. Postmortem lung biopsy revealed talc particles within interalveolar walls and alveolar macrophages as well as the expected alterations in blood vessels. Pulmonary hypertension due to talc microemboli is a well-known cause of respiratory failure in heroin addicts. Such a diagnosis should not be overlooked in a patient infected with HIV. Respiratory failure may not be only due to opportunist infections, or tumours related to the HIV infection.
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PMID:[Respiratory failure in a HIV seropositive heroin addict female]. 200 73

We report two cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension seen at our institution and present a comprehensive literature review and available histopathologic findings of the association between HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension. Studies and reviews pertaining to HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension were identified through a MEDLINE search and reference citations. All studies and series found in the MEDLINE search were reviewed and are discussed in this article. Where data were available, comparisons and analyses were made between groups of reported cases of HIV seropositivity and pulmonary hypertension with regard to the following parameters: sex distribution, mode of acquiring HIV infection, presence or absence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, CD4 cell counts, PO2 or oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry, concurrent lower respiratory tract infection, and histopathologic features. We conclude that there is strong evidence for pulmonary hypertension associated with HIV infection that is histologically indistinguishable from primary pulmonary hypertension. Consequently, HIV-seropositive patients with unexplained dyspnea should be evaluated for primary pulmonary hypertension. Prospective studies in HIV-positive patients are indicated.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension and the human immunodeficiency virus. Report of two cases and a review of the literature. 748 62

The authors report a case of severe pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in a couple of HIV seropositive heroin addicts. The parallel clinical course in these two patients with only mild immunodeficiency and the fact that they both had the same supplier were in favour of PHT secondary to talcoma. In the light of these cases, one wonders whether, as suggested by certain epidemiological studies currently underway, drug addiction should be considered to be a cause of PHT in its own right. According to the authors, this approach would underestimate the incidence of this disease in this particular population and would therefore bias the epidemiological data.
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PMID:[Pulmonary hypertension caused by talcoma in a couple of drug addicts]. 770 50

Rapidly accumulating evidence suggests that a proportion of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease reminiscent of primary pulmonary hypertension. As an initial step to explore the link between AIDS and hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease, the present study determined whether pulmonary hypertension is present in a well-characterized murine model of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency. In agreement with previous reports, mice infected with the LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus developed polyclonal B and T cell activation followed by progressive and severe B and T cell immunodeficiency. At 12 wk postinfection, when persistent immunodeficiency was established, mice were anesthetized, and right ventricular systolic pressure was determined in open-chest, mechanically ventilated animals. Mean right ventricular systolic pressure was 14.7 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in control animals and was increased significantly to 22.5 +/- 3.2 mm Hg in virus-infected mice. Right ventricular hypertrophy was also present in infected mice as evidenced by a 27% increase in the ratio of right to left ventricular weights; there were no group-dependent differences in the left ventricular to total-body weight ratio. Morphometric evaluation indicated that medial thickness in muscularized pulmonary arteries, expressed as a percentage of the external diameter, was 9.6 +/- 0.4% in control lungs and increased to 14.4 +/- 0.5% in lungs from infected animals. Qualitative histopathologic analysis suggested increased perivascular collagen deposition in lungs from infected animals relative to control animals. Unlike AIDS patients with pulmonary hypertension, infected mice did not exhibit plexiform lesions or intimal fibrosis of the pulmonary arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary hypertension in a murine model of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 802 49

We describe two unique cases of pulmonary hypertension in association with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and review the 28 previously reported cases in the world literature. Our first patient has coexistent chronic active hepatitis, which has previously been associated with the development of plexogenic pulmonary hypertension; however, our second case clearly demonstrates a closer link between HIV infection and pulmonary hypertension. Unlike previously reported cases, our latter case was devoid of all other coexistent factors including intravenous drug abuse, hepatitis B antigenemia, coexisting immunologic lung parenchymal injury, and hepatitis. Additionally, this is the first case documenting the presence of asymptomatic type II cryoglobulins in an HIV-positive patient with plexogenic pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:HIV and pulmonary hypertension: a review. 781 37

Recent reports have suggested an association between primary pulmonary hypertension and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This appears to be an accelerated syndrome, associated with a relatively brief duration of symptoms, yet prominent right ventricular failure and severe pulmonary hypertension on presentation. We present a case of a primary pulmonary hypertension in a 35-year-old HIV-seropositive hemophiliac. His accelerated clinical course is consistent with previously reported cases of HIV-related pulmonary hypertension. However, this patient's pulmonary function tests revealed marked hyperinflation, a decreased diffusing capacity, and no airflow obstruction. To our knowledge, this very usual constellation of pulmonary function changes has not been described previously in this syndrome.
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PMID:Marked pulmonary function abnormalities in a case of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. 832 1

A Haitian woman with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presented with dyspnea, cough, fatigue and lower abdominal pain of recent onset. Clinical, radiologic and hemodynamic investigations demonstrated pulmonary hypertension. The patient died a few days later. The pathological findings were compatible with primary pulmonary hypertension. This case is similar to others that have been reported and indicates a possible link between HIV infection and rapidly progressive primary pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary hypertension associated with HIV infection. 842 54


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