Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral lesions have rarely been reported in systemic mycoses, though over the past few years they have been recorded particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The dramatic increase in numbers of immunocompromised persons, especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus, has almost certainly been responsible for the increase in reports of oral disease caused by systemic mycoses, particularly aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis. However, reports of coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis have, as yet, increased little in this population. Dentists, when they observe chronic oral ulceration, chronic maxillary sinus infection, or bizarre mouth lesions (particularly in immunocompromised patients) should be aware of the possibility of a systemic mycosis. Amphotericin remains the standard therapy for most deep mycoses, while the newer azoles are the first-line agents for superficial mycoses, such as candidiasis, and are increasingly used in the deep mycoses.
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PMID:Oral lesions in the systemic mycoses. 180 2

The human immunodeficiency virus infected persons frequently have manifestations of central nervous system disfunction. These can be primary involvement or secondary processes such as infections or tumors. The present paper presents a short review of radiologic CNS findings in patients with AIDS as seen on CT and or MRI. The radiologic findings of HIV-1 encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, primary CNS lymphoma, PMLE, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, CMV encephalitis, HVS and varicella are presented. We expect this will ultimately help in the management of the AIDS patient.
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PMID:CNS involvement in AIDS patients as seen with CT and MR: a review. 181 9

With the rapid increase in cases of AIDS over the past 10 years, certain mycoses have dramatically risen in frequency, particularly those contained by T cell-mediated mechanisms of host defense. In this clinical setting mucocutaneous candidiasis as well as systemic cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis pose special diagnostic and/or therapeutic challenges. Compared with fungal infections in general, AIDS-associated mycoses are more likely to have nonspecific clinical manifestations; moreover, treatments effective in other settings seldom are curative. These problems have led to new vigilance regarding mycoses in the differential diagnosis of complications of infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and have necessitated a redefinition of goals: the aim is now to suppress rather than cure infection in most cases. This change has stimulated trials of new antifungal agents and regimens particularly designed to facilitate long-term outpatient management of mycoses without interfering with treatment of either HIV infection itself or other concomitant complications.
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PMID:The growing problem of mycoses in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 186 53

Colonic histoplasmosis is a rare entity. There have been four previous reported cases within the population of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Because of the increasing incidence of HIV infection within regions where histoplasmosis is endemic, this condition may become more common. Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis has protean clinical manifestations, and symptoms are often nonspecific. Any patient with HIV infection who has unexplained GI symptoms should undergo evaluation for possible histoplasmosis. Aggressive long-term amphotericin B therapy has been effective in HIV patients with histoplasmosis. Resection or diversion of symptomatic colonic strictures caused by histoplasmosis may be necessary in addition to medical therapy.
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PMID:Colonic histoplasmosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Report of two cases. 199 17

A 46-year-old homosexual man with disseminated histoplasmosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection had a histoplasmosis-related ulcerated verrucous plaque above his left upper lip; systemic and cutaneous disease manifestations of histoplasmosis resolved with daily ketoconazole therapy. Disseminated histoplasmosis, with similar cutaneous features, also was present in his HIV-seropositive male sexual partner. The possibility of human-to-human transmission of histoplasmosis between these patients is considered and the skin lesions of systemic fungal infections in HIV-infected patients are reviewed.
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PMID:Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as an ulcerated verrucous plaque in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man. Report of a case possibly involving human-to-human transmission of histoplasmosis. 200 98

We present a patient in whom histoplasmosis panniculitis developed during steroid therapy for pancytopenia secondary to myelodysplasia. Although the cutaneous manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis are rare, we review them because of the increasing numbers of organ-transplant patients, as well as other patients with immunodeficiency, including acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in whom the risk of this unusual presentation of histoplasmosis must be considered.
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PMID:Panniculitis in an immunocompromised patient. 205 Aug 62

The skin is commonly affected in the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In many cases, skin findings may be the earliest sign of HIV disease or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When cutaneous diseases occur in unusual settings, such as zoster in a young individual, are increased in severity or fail to respond to routine therapy, the possibility of underlying immunodeficiency should be suspected. Skin diseases in HIV-infected hosts include primary infections, such as those caused by herpes simplex virus and molluscum contagiosum, as well as secondary involvement of systemic diseases, such as cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis. Noninfectious inflammatory processes, such as seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis, as well as neoplasms, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and basal cell carcinoma, may all be seen in these patients. We review a number of these diseases and discuss their treatment. Clinicians must be aware of the cutaneous manifestations of HIV infection so that the disease will be recognized at an earlier point in time and therapy with zidovudine and prophylactic antibiotics will be instituted where appropriate.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the skin. 152 61

In a thirty-year-old patient with AIDS the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis was established via biopsy and culture. The patient had grown up in Argentina, where histoplasmosis is endemic. He had not been in an endemic region during the last two years anteceding the manifestation of systemic histoplasmosis. Accordingly, in patients with a progressive immunodeficiency syndrome, reactivation of a former (possibly inapparent) infection with Histoplasma capsulatum must be considered. Therapy with Amphotericin B lead to a remarkable improvement of clinical, laboratory and sonographic findings. Due to the fact that total eradication of H. capsulatum from the infected host cannot be achieved with any known drug regimen, a life-long follow-up therapy was begun. The patient showed no signs of relapse after a follow-up of 7 months.
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PMID:[A case of AIDS-associated histoplasmosis in Germany]. 206 19

Disseminated histoplasmosis is being diagnosed more frequently in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and is often the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Disease-related cutaneous features of HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis are defined as mucocutaneous lesions from which fungal organisms were either cultured or demonstrated histopathologically. We report four HIV-seropositive patients with disseminated histoplasmosis who had culture-positive skin or oral lesions of histoplasmosis and review the specific cutaneous manifestations of HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis. Including our patients, disease-related skin and/or mucosal lesions were present in 11% of patients (26% of 239) with HIV-associated disseminated histoplasmosis. The possibility of disseminated histoplasmosis should be considered in all HIV-infected persons and in persons with AIDS risk factors who have fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, and new cutaneous lesions. An early skin or mucosal biopsy specimen for crushed tissue preparation, histologic evaluation, and fungal culture is a simple, rapid diagnostic procedure.
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PMID:Cutaneous lesions of disseminated histoplasmosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 221 40

A 43-year-old homosexual man visited his dentist with painful, nodular, ulcerated lesions on the soft palate, right buccal mucosa, and right posterior maxillary gingiva. Serologic studies for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, performed before biopsy, were positive. Biopsy of the maxillary gingiva demonstrated sheets of histiocytes containing small intracellular yeasts, which on culture were identified as Histoplasma capsulatum. Bilateral leukoplakic lesions with some vertical furrowing involving the lateral borders of the tongue were also noted. Histologically, hyperkeratosis and fungal hyphae were identified. The patient was treated for histoplasmosis with amphotericin B, which resulted in significant improvement of the oral lesions. He was subsequently hospitalized for fatigue and dyspnea and was found to have Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Pulmonary status deteriorated within a 3-week period, and the patient died. Autopsy findings were negative for histoplasmosis but positive for necrotizing and cavitary P. carinii pneumonia, pulmonary and hepatic herpes simplex infections, and pulmonary and intestinal cytomegalovirus infection.
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PMID:Oral histoplasmosis as a presenting disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 223 84


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