Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) epidemiology in Belgium shows that 66% of all acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients were infected heterosexually. Since 1985, all HIV-seropositive patients in Brussels and Antwerp who have been heterosexually infected have been offered participation in a partner notification program; this article reports the case study of 1 HIV infected male and his 19 identified previous women sexual partners. This report describes the patient's background and the type and frequency of sexual intercourse he had with each partner. The characteristics of each of the sexual partners were also described. An important consideration of this case was that 11 of the tested partners (56%) were HIV seropositive. Several factors were discussed concerning the cause of this high rate of transmission (e.g. high disseminator patient, highly virulent HIV strain, and presence of genital herpes). This study emphasizes the fact that middle class women with low risk sexual practices were infected with AIDS from as little as 1 sexual encounter with this infected individual. To stop a false sense of security among people with few sexual partners, it was advised that a program of partner notification targeted to heterosexuals be implemented along with other public health policies.
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PMID:A cluster of HIV infection among heterosexual people without apparent risk factors. 281 59

The case of a 56 years old patient, affected by recurrent herpes genitalis (RHG) is reported. The patient came to our observation on March 1983 and he was suffering from RHG for 20 years, before our study. Episodes of RHG were severe, due to local and general symptomatology. Characterization of immune response showed decrease of NK activity to the K562 cell line, impairment of specific cell mediated immunity to Herpes simplex virus (HSV) as well as a decrease of T cells with helper phenotype. HSV type 2 was stained from active lesions. Immunological alterations were present irrespective of phase of activity of the disease during all the follow up period (March 1983-March 1985). At the first visit the patient was found to be suffering from a femoral head necrosis (FHN) of the right leg. One year later the same disease appeared at the contralateral leg. The possible relationship between RHG, accompanied by the described immunodeficiency, and the FHN is described.
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PMID:Recurrent herpes genitalis, severe impairment of specific cell-mediated immune response and bilateral femoral head necrosis: report of a case. 294 Oct 35

Western society has undergone a vast sociological change during the 20th century in terms of the value of sexuality. Sexual choice has gained a new legitimacy never before experienced. There is less guilt surrounding issues of sexuality and it is now common place to hear and see explicit discussions about sex in the mass media. This acceptance has undoubtedly encouraged many people to be more daring and promiscuous in their sexual activities. Proof of this can be seen in the increase is the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Presently there are more than 20 epidemiologically significant diseases that are sexually transmitted. Beyond the 5 old standards of gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, lyphogranuloma venereum, and granuloma inguinala STDs now include: chlamydia trachomatis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, genital mycoplasms, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, vaginitis, enteric infections, and ectoparasitic diseases. Keeping all this in mind, the question of the ethics of safe sex must be addressed. In many countries, the governments have undertaken large public education programs to encourage safe sex practices. All these programs a founded upon two ideas: that safe sex should be promoted free of any ethical discussions or considerations, and that technology alone, the condom, will protect the public from the problem of STDs. However these campaigns will fail to protect the public unless they try to intervene at some level other than the mechanical aspect of the sex act itself. Condoms have failure rates too high to be relied upon as the sole means of protecting the public. Sex education for children and an inclusion of the ethical aspects of sex, now that the consequences can mean death, must be included in these government programs if they are to be successful.
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PMID:The ethics of safe sex. 306 Jul 71

Testing for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was introduced in 1984 in this major sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic in Copenhagen, which is attended by about 10,000 new patients each year. From 1984 to 1987 the proportion of patients examined for antibodies to HIV rose from 6% to 32%. The overall incidence of HIV antibody positivity decreased from 30% in 1984 to 3% in 1987, the combined result of decreased positivity in high risk patients tested and increased screening in low risk patients. HIV antibody positivity has been confined largely to homosexual men and drug addicts. Since 1985, however, 21 out of 2623 (0.8%) heterosexuals who were not drug addicts were found to be HIV antibody positive. During 1984-6 the incidence of STDs most often encountered in high risk groups (syphilis and gonorrhoea) decreased by 64% and 41% respectively, whereas the incidence of diseases most often diagnosed in low risk groups (condylomata acuminata and genital herpes) increased by 70% and 34% respectively in the same period. The addition of HIV infection to the list of STDs requires the allocation of more resources to the STD clinics to enable these clinics to handle this new problem. Screening for all patients attending an STD clinic for antibodies to HIV must be considered, and in our area it would be cost effective.
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PMID:AIDS related changes in pattern of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in an STD clinic in Copenhagen. 316 58

An increased incidence of certain neoplasms occurs in immunodeficiency states. The incidence of cancer in organ transplant patients is approximately 4%. The predominant tumors are lymphomas, carcinomas of the skin and lips, carcinomas of the vulva/perineum, in situ carcinomas of the uterine cervix, and Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Tumors appear a relatively short time after transplantation. Unusual features of the lymphomas are the high incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, frequent involvement of extranodal sites, and marked predilection for the brain. Skin cancers present unusual features: predominance of squamous cell carcinomas, young age of the patients, and a high incidence of multiple tumors. Cancers of the vulva/perineum occur at a younger age than in the general population and may be preceded by condyloma acuminatum or herpes genitalis. Lymphomas, leukemias, and skin cancers are increased in nontransplant patients who receive immunosuppressive therapy for nonmalignant diseases. Second tumors that develop in cancer patients, after treatment with cytotoxic therapy, are mainly leukemias, lymphomas, and bladder carcinomas.
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PMID:Neoplastic consequences of transplantation and chemotherapy. 348 49

The purpose of this paper is to describe gender differences in risk behaviors--substance use and sexual behavior--in young adults with genital herpes. Two-hundred fifty-two young adults with genital herpes were recruited into the study via newspaper advertisements in a West Coast metropolitan area. As a part of a large randomized clinical trial, participants completed questionnaires measuring demographic characteristics and the risk behaviors of substance use and sexual behavior. Participants had a mean age of 27.1 years and were largely Caucasian, employed, college-educated, and heterosexual. Women were two years younger than men and had less income. Gender differences were found in both substance use and sexual behavior. Men were more likely to report current use of illicit drugs than were women. Men were also more likely to report a history of gonorrhea, and urethral discharge. Women reported initiating sex at an older age and having fewer sexual partners over their lifetimes than men. There were no gender differences in use of condoms or spermicides specifically to prevent transmission of genital herpes. Further study is needed of these young adults as they are at high risk for transmission of the disease and also for contracting other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Sensitive interventions are needed with this high-risk population.
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PMID:A description of the gender differences in risk behaviors in young adults with genital herpes. 773 90

The relative contributions of needle use practices and sexual behaviors to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody seropositivity among 394 women incarcerated in Quebec were determined by risk factor assessment and serology with a nonnominal methodology. HIV positivity was found in 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.6, 9.9) of all participants and in 13% (95% CI = 8.6, 18.6) of women with a history of injection drug use. HIV seropositivity among women with a history of injection drug use was predicted by sexual or needle contact with a seropositive person, self-reported genital herpes, and having had a regular sexual partner who injected drugs, but it was not predicted by prostitution. Nonnominal testing is an ethical alternative to mandatory and anonymous unlinked testing among correctional populations.
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PMID:HIV infection among women in prison: an assessment of risk factors using a nonnominal methodology. 794 84

New serological methods, based on the detection of type-specific antibodies to herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins, have allowed a reappraisal of the prevalence of genital herpes. During the 1980s, genital herpes continued to be an infection of epidemic proportions in many developed countries. In the USA, although there was evidence of a decline in the age-specific prevalence of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the seroprevalence of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) has continued to increase. Among those attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in the USA, 30-50% of adults now have antibodies to HSV-2. Only a minority of HSV-2 infected persons present with clinical disease related to this infection. In some countries, an increase in the incidence of severe primary genital infections caused by HSV-1, which often occur in monogamous relationships, has been reported. Genital ulcer disease, of which genital herpes is the most common cause in developed countries, is an important risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Furthermore, evidence is accruing for a potential role of HSV reactivation in the progression of immune deficiency in HIV-infected individuals.
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PMID:Epidemiology of genital herpes. 806 20

To evaluate whether uncircumcised status is correlated with acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 502 homosexual men were surveyed; 85% were circumcised. HIV infection was significantly associated with uncircumcised status (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2, 3.8), nonwhite race, intravenous drug use, sexual contact with an intravenous drug user, number of male partners, frequency of unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and with history of genital herpes, anal herpes, or syphilis. Uncircumcised status was significantly associated with older age, nonwhite race, and history of syphilis; it was inversely associated with intravenous drug use. Using logistic regression analysis, the adjusted OR for the association between HIV infection and uncircumcised status was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.0, 4.0). Uncircumcised homosexual men had 2-fold increased risk of HIV infection. The role of circumcision as an intervention strategy to reduce sexual transmission of HIV warrants consideration.
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PMID:The association between circumcision status and human immunodeficiency virus infection among homosexual men. 824 25

Survival data in the last decade for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) other than human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are uneven across the states/territories. The incidence of gonorrhoea decreased by more than 80%, but at different times in different patient groups, different states, and different anatomical sites. There was a resurgence of rectal gonorrhoea in homosexual men in 1989-1991. Resistance to penicillin steadily increased, and partial resistance to quinolones has emerged. There was a marked decline in syphilis in most states. Lymphogranuloma venereum is rare, and chancroid seen mostly in returning travellers from Southeast Asia; however, hundreds of cases of donovanosis are seen annually among rural Aborigines. The prevalence of genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis remained stable at 2.5%-14% in STD clinics, and 5% in family planning clinics. The numbers of cases of clinical genital herpes and warts are mostly unavailable. However, specific serology for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) indicates that 14% of antenatal clinic patients, and 40%-60% of STD patients have been exposed. Pap smears have detected the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in 14%-40% of various clinic populations. Exposure to hepatitis B in the non-Aboriginal population decreased markedly. Hepatitis C infection occurred in a high percentage of injecting drug users; the evidence for sexual transmission is not strong. An epidemic of hepatitis A infection occurred in male homosexuals in 1989-1991. Changes in the Australian sex industry resulted in marked improvements in the sexual health of local (but not international) sex workers. The high levels of STDs in Aboriginal communities continues to cause concern.
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PMID:Sexually transmitted diseases in Australia: a decade of change. Epidemiology and surveillance. 884 91


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