Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Development of a serologic test which detects antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) allowed us to compare the seroprevalence of hepatitis C and hepatitis B in 493 persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These persons, none of whom are hemophiliacs, are part of the US Air Force HIV Natural History Study. We found that Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) was far more prevalent (59%) than anti-HCV (8%). Anti-HBc prevalence was not different between those with and those without anti-HCV, being present in the majority of persons in both groups. In addition, we compared anti-HCV+ and anti-HCV negative persons in terms of syphilis serologies (Reactive Plasma Reagent [RPR] and Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption [FTA-ABS]), hepatic transaminase levels, and racial composition. In this cohort, we found that anti-HCV+ persons are significantly more likely to have a positive RPR but not FTA-ABS, increased hepatic transaminase levels, and to be Black rather than Caucasian.
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PMID:Hepatitis C antibody in a non-hemophiliac cohort infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. 212 29

Serum specimens from 111 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected and 183 HIV-1 seronegative patients were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. Anti-HCV and anti-HBV antibodies were found in the vast majority (89 and 83%, respectively) of intravenous drug addicts (IVDA), independent of the type of drug abuse or whether the patients were HIV-1 infected or not. Anti-HAV antibodies were found in 60% of the IVDA. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in anti-HIV-1 positive homosexual men (14%) and anti-HIV-1 negative heterosexual persons (8%), but not in HIV-1 seronegative homosexual men. Also anti-HAV antibodies were found to a small extent in these groups. In contrast, anti-HBV antibodies were common in the homosexual men. The absorbance values of the positive reactions in the anti-HCV ELISA were lower for HIV-1 seropositive patients than those for HIV-1 seronegative subjects, particularly in the late stages of HIV-1 infection. These data suggest that HCV infection is transmitted as readily as HBV infection by intravenous drug abuse and that all three types of hepatitis virus infection are common in IVDA. Although transmission of HCV is primarily mediated by blood, sexual transmission may also occur. HIV-1 infection seems to be associated with unusually low levels of anti-HCV antibodies, especially in the late stages of HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. 212 86

From December 1988 to April 1989, 154 female prostitutes in and around Ghent, Belgium, were interviewed about their knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to the risks for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in their profession. Thirty four women worked as window prostitutes, 120 picked up their clients in bars, clubs, and saunas. Blood samples were taken from 123 women. One (0.8%) was seropositive for HIV1, 19 (15.4%) had Hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), eight (6.4%) showed markers of syphilis. None of them were Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers. Hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) were present in the serum of three women (2.4%). Overall STD seroprevalence was higher in the group of window prostitutes than in the group of club prostitutes. One woman admitted intravenous drug use. Former testing for anti-HIV antibodies had been performed in 102 (66.5%) respondents, of whom 84 (82.3%) were tested in the year preceding the interview. In 74.5% of the cases, these tests were requested by the women themselves. These results suggest that HIV infection is not yet prevalent in non-intravenous drug using prostitutes in Ghent, but that this situation may change considering their higher rates of past STD. Window prostitutes are at higher risk than club prostitutes. Testing for HIV seems to be common practice, mostly at the request of the women themselves. Health education should discourage the notion of testing as an alternative to using condoms.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV-antibody testing practices in Belgian prostitutes. 224 81

Informed consent for blood transfusion has become a necessity in light of the known risks associated with this service. All transfusion services should institute written informed consent that clearly defines the patient's options, including the use of homologous blood, autologous blood, and directed donations. The risk of transfusion with an infectious blood product is dependent on the number of donors per recipient and the prevalence of undetected, contaminated blood in the tested blood supply. The chance that an adverse transfusion will occur can be calculated by use of these variables. Comparative risks can be explained to patients, thereby providing an understanding of the transfusion risk of human immunodeficiency virus, the human T-cell leukemia virus, and the agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C).
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PMID:Informed consent, risk, and blood transfusion. 199 54

The prevalence of 1) hepatitis C virus (HCV), an agent likely to be responsible for parenterally transmitted hepatitis non-A, non-B, 2) hepatitis B virus (HBV) and 3) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was studied in 211 patients with clotting disorders (78% of the patients had residual factor activities of less than or equal to 2%). Of these patients 71% were positive for HBV markers and 44% for HIV markers. Using a new ELISA technique, 80% were anti-HCV-positive. The prevalence of anti-HCV was greater in patients with more severe clotting disorders and was related to the total amount of replacement therapy received; the prevalence was less in older patients. Seroconversion after a single exposure to dry heat-treated factor concentrates was documented in 3 patients 3-4 months after exposure.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in haemophiliacs. 250 55

A lambda gt11-random-primed-cDNA clone specific for chronic hepatitis C was isolated from pooled serum presumably infected by hepatitis C virus. The translation product of the clone detect 50% of patients with chronic hepatitis C in 4 test panels but none of the patients with acute hepatitis C, other liver diseases or normal controls was positive for the peptide. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone, the size of which is 66 bp, has no homology to the complete sequences of known human viruses such as adenovirus, coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, immunodeficiency virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, polioma virus, poliovirus, papilloma virus, parvovirus, papovavirus, varicella-zoster virus, yellow fever virus, endogenous retrovirus, T-cell lymphotropic virus types I, II, and III Japanese encephalitis virus, and hepatitis A, B, and D viruses. Probably only one or two epitopes are present on the molecule encoded by the clone as the peptide consists of only 22 amino acid residues.
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PMID:A lambda gt11-cDNA clone specific for chronic hepatitis C generated from pooled serum presumably infected by hepatitis C virus. 250 79

The frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Spain was assessed by means of a recombinant-based immunoassay for serum anti-HCV antibodies. 836 serum samples were tested from 676 patients selected according to their risk of blood-borne viral infections and presence of liver disease. Among patients at high risk of infection (with or without liver disease) anti-HCV antibodies were found in 85% of prospectively followed patients with post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, 62% of patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis and a history of blood transfusion, 70% of haemophiliacs receiving replacement therapy, 70% of intravenous drug abusers, and 20% of haemodialysis patients. Only 8% of homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus and 6% of female contacts of drug abusers were positive. Among patients with liver disease and no history of parenteral exposure to blood, anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 38% with cryptogenic, alcoholic, or primary biliary cirrhosis and in 44% with chronic active hepatitis. Among healthy subjects without risk factors for hepatitis the overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 1.2%.
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PMID:Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain. 256 2

We evaluated the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) among patients admitted to our trauma unit from April 15 to June 30, 1993. Of 984 patients tested, we found 255 (26%) had evidence of exposure to one or more of these agents: HIV, 4%; HBV, 20%; HCV, 14%; and RPR, 1%. Thirty-eight percent of patients had more than one positive serology, 75% of the HIV patients, 49% of the HBV patients, and 66% of the HCV patients. There was no difference between penetrating and nonpenetrating trauma with respect to any of the viruses. The risk factors for HIV-positive patients were non-White race, positive drug screen, positive alcohol screen, and city resident. Risk factors for HBV patients were non-White race, positive drug screen, and city resident. Risk factors for HBC patients were male sex, non-White race, positive alcohol screen, positive drug screen, and city resident. The risk of blood-borne infections in this group of patients is substantial.
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PMID:Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and rapid plasma reagin in a trauma population. 747 20

We have investigated whether or not a relationship exists between anti-cardiolipin antibody (aCL) positivity and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and we have attempted to clarify which virus has close association with the development of aCL. We found that aCL positivity in HIV-infected patients was significantly higher than in HCV-infected patients. Furthermore, HIV/HCV dual-infected patients exhibited a higher aCL positivity than patients infected by HCV alone. From these results, we conclude that HIV rather than HCV plays an important role in the development of aCL.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus rather than hepatitis C virus infection is relevant to the development of an anti-cardiolipin antibody. 748 85

The authors describe a rare case of diffused thrombosis of the superficial veins in the whole body and periphlebitis with perivascular abscesses in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected drug abuser who was using neck veins to inject cocaine and heroin. In addition the patient presented oral candidiasis, hepatitis C virus infection, bronchopneumonitis, and endocarditis of the tricuspid valve with valvular failure. The conditions of the patient needed repeated vascular catheterizations for therapy administration. Similar pathologies, in HIV-infected patients, highly increase the risk of opportunistic infections, especially in the encephalic territory; in addition the need for vascular catheterizations represents a further risk factor for bacterial infections.
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PMID:Drug injection in jugular veins: a new risk factor for vascular diseases in HIV-infected patients? A case report. 748 28


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